all of it Flashcards
Matter
Anything with mass and volume
Physical property
Something we can measure by seeing it
Physical change
a change in shape, texture, temperature
Melting point
the point at which a substance melts
Boiling point
the point at which a substance boils
Freezing point
the point at which a substance freezes
Element
A substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances
Compound
Pure substance made up of 2 or more elements bonded together chemically
Mixture
A mix of at least 2 substances that do not join together chemically
Solution
A mixture where 2 or more substances can’t be told apart from each other
Chemical property
Describes the ability of a substance to chemically react with another substance to produce a new chemical. This can only be seen when a chemical reaction occurs
Chemical reaction
Atoms are rearranged to form a new substance
Electron
Negatively charged subatomic particle, found in the valence shells around the nucleus, charge of -1, relative mass is 1 over 2000
Nucleus
Central core of an atom, containing the protons and neutrons
Proton
Positively charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus, charge of +1, relative mass is 1
Neutron
Neutrally charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus, charge of 0, relative mass is 0
Atomic number
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic mass
The combined mass of a single atom’s protons and neutrons
Metal
a shiny, malleable, ductile substance that conducts electricity very well
nonmetal
a substance that lacks the characteristics of a metal
metalloid
a substance that contains properties of both metals & nonmetals
alkali metal
far left side of the periodic table. Very reactive, just like halogens. They react with water and air. Soft enough to cut with a knife. They are common and almost always found in compounds. They all form ions with a charge of +1. They can bond with 1 other atom (combining capacity is 1).
alkaline earth metals
eft side of the periodic table, beside the Alkali metals. They form ions with a charge of +2. They have a combining capacity of 2. They are quite reactive, just not as much as Alkali metals
halogens
Non metals right beside the noble gases of the table. Very reactive and almost always found as compounds. They can have a charge of -1. They can bond with one other atom of an element (bonding capacity of 1).
noble gasses
far right of the periodic table. They are unreactive and do not interact with all the other elements. They will glow if electricity passes through the gas. They are all colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
gasses
substance that is in a vaporous state of matter. Gases are easy to compress, They expand to fill their containers, and occupy far more space than any other state of matter.
isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
ion
A atom or molecule with a net charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
ionic charge
The electrical charge of an ion caused by the loss or gain of one or more electrons from an atom or group of atoms
period
A row of chemical elements
group
A column of chemical elements with identical valence electrons
valence electron
Electrons located on the outermost shell of an atom
valence shell
The outermost shell of an atom that surrounds the nucleus. The valence shell hold the electrons of an atom
ionic compound
A compound that forms when a nonmetal interacts with a metal. The metallic atoms lose electrons to become cations.
ionic bond
Chemical attraction between two oppositely charged ions (non metals and metals)
covalent bond
Chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
molecule
Smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element
molecular compound
A compound composed of two or more nonmetal atoms that share their electrons in a covalent bond
Pure substance
a substance made up of only one kind of matter
