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Science Trimester 2 > All of Chapter 7 > Flashcards

All of Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What shape is our solar system’s orbit?

A

Elliptical

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2
Q

How many stars does our solar system contain?

A

100-400 billion stars

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3
Q

What is an astronomical unit (AU)

A

The average distance between the sun and the earth

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4
Q

What is our nearest star named? How far away is it?

A

Proxima Centari, 4.3 light years away

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5
Q

What is a light year?

A

The distance light travels in a year

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6
Q

What is the Nebular Hypothesis?

A

The theory that the solar system was developed from a primeval nebula

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7
Q

What is Geocentric?

A

The idea that earth is the center of the universe

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8
Q

Who had a working model with the EARTH as the center of the solar system?

A

Ptolemy (Ideas commonly accepted for 1500 years)

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9
Q

Why did Ptolemy’s idea’s survive?

A

The theory fit the observations of the day

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10
Q

What is Heliocentric?

A

The idea that the sun is the center of our solar system

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11
Q

Who was first to propose the SUN centered model?

A

Copernicus

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12
Q

What was Galileo’s 2 greatest contributions?

A

1) The improved telescope
2) The new observation/evidence that the earth is not the center of the universe

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13
Q

Who was Kepler and what was his contribution to the idea of our solar system?

A

He was a mathematician that correctly described how planets move around the sun

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14
Q

What were the 3 laws Kepler discovered?

A

1) Planets do not move in perfect circles
2) When an object is closer to the sun it moves faster
3) Third law is used to determine distance planets are away from the sun.

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15
Q

What are 2 reasons why the ideas of our solar system changed?

A

1) Technology improved
2) Better observations led to better understanding

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16
Q

When did our planetary system form?

A

4.6 billion years ago

17
Q

What is a planetary system?

A

Any star system that includes planets is called a planetary system

18
Q

According to the nebular hypothesis how was our solar system formed?

A

A swirling mass of gas and dust that condensed, 4.6 billion years ago sun ignited

19
Q

What is mass?

A

Amount of stuff in an object (does not change form place to place)

20
Q

What is weight?

A

The pull of gravity on an object (changes from place to place)

21
Q

What is volume?

A

Amount of space an object takes up

22
Q

What is density?

A

Mass divided by volume

23
Q

What is Accretion (the play-dough effect)?

A

The gradual build up of gasses or particles to make something larger (Its how the planets were formed)

24
Q

Why did heavier/denser materials form nearer to the sun?

A

Gravity pulled denser materials toward sun.

25
Q

What are planetismals?

A

Smaller than a normal planet w/no rotation

26
Q

What planets have moons?

A

Outer planets have moons while inner planets do not

27
Q

When did Theia crash into earth?

A

4.5 billion years ago

28
Q

What are 3 results of Theia?

A

1) Earth’s rotation
2) Earth’s tilted axis
3) Moon formed from debris

29
Q

What is evidence to support Theia?

A

They have found rocks on the moon that are the same age and type as some on earth

30
Q

How do we know the age of the solar system?

A

Age of meteorites

31
Q

Oldest rocks on earth?

A

3.9 billion years old

32
Q

Oldest rocks on moon?

A

4.4 billion years old?

33
Q

Oldest meteorites?

A

4.6 billion years old

34
Q

What does radioactive decay/radiometric dating do?

A

Give the precise age of the sample

35
Q

What is a dwarf planet?

A

An object that has not gravitationally “cleared out orbital neighborhood

36
Q

What are dwarf planets made of?

A

Ice or rock

37
Q

What are the 3 necessary ingredients for life?

A

1) Liquid water
2) Source of energy
3) Moderate temperature

38
Q

Where did water come from?

A

Volcanoes and meteorites

39
Q

List 8 planets in our solar system order

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

Science Trimester 2 (2 decks)

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