All Minimals Flashcards
What are the permutation of n different elements taken n at a time and what is their number?
Define the combinations of n different elements taken k at a time in words.
All possible selections of size k of different elements.
Define nominal scale and give an example for it.
Define ordinal scale and give an example for it.
Define interval scale and give an example for it.
Define ratio scale and give an example for it.
How are the relative frequency and probability of an event related to each other?
What is the definition of classical probability?
What kind of values can (mathematical) probability assume? What is the probability of a certain and an impossible event?
Describe the relationship between the probabilities of event A and its complement event B!
P(A) + P(B) = 1
Define the sum of events A and B!
What is the probability of the sum of events A and B?
Define the product of events A and B!
Define the complement event of event A!
When are events A and B exclusive?
If AB = 0
When are events A and B independent of each other?
Using the terms of set theory define:
a. the product of events A and B
b. the sum of events A and B
What is the meaning of P(A | B)?
It is a conditional probability of A given B. And the probability of A occurring is dependent on B.
What is the definition of a random variable?
Is the number assigned to a random event.
What is a continuous random variable?
What is the definition of the cumulative relative frequency of a sample?
What is the definition of the cumulative distribution function of a random variable?
What is the probability that a continuous random variable assumes a value in the interval between a and b?
Define the mean of a discrete random variable!
Define the variance of a discrete random variable with a formula.
Define the variance of a sample with a formula.
Define the variance of a random variable.
Define the variance of a sample in words.
What is the central limit theorem?
Define the standard deviation (SD) and the standard error of the mean (SEM) of a sample with formulas!
What is the difference between the standard deviation (SD) and the standard error of the mean (SEM) of a sample? Write your answer in words, do not use formulas.
Define the coefficient of variation (CV) in words and with a formula.
Define the mean of a sample with a formula and interpret the variables!
What is an ordered array?
Define the median of a sample!
Define the i-th percentile of a sample!
Define the first, second and third quartile (Q1, Q2, Q3) of a sample.
Define the mode of a sample!
How can a histogram be constructed?
Calculate the mean, median and mode of the data set given below.
Data set: 5, 8, 9, 5, 9, 1, 6, 5
Calculate the standard deviation and standard error of the mean of the sample given below.
Sample: 3, 7, 5
Give the kth element of a binomial distribution with parameter p (the probability of the first possible outcome of a trial) if the total number of trials is n (k = 0, 1, 2, 3…, n), and define the probability it means!
Give the kth element of a Poisson distribution with parameter λ and define the probability it means!
Give the sum of elements of a Poisson distribution with parameter λ!
Which two properties of the Poisson distribution are equal to λ, the parameter of the distribution?
When does a random variable follow a standard normal distribution?
Calculate the standardized z value corresponding to a value 135 of a random variable distributed according to a normal distribution with a mean value of 120 and a standard deviation of 10. Calculate the probability that the above random variable will assume a value less than 135.
What is the probability that a normally distributed random variable falls in the regions µ +/- 1σ, µ +/- 2σ and µ +/- 3σ (µ is the mean and σ is the standard deviation of the normal distribution)?
What is a type I error in a statistical test?
What is a type II error in a statistical test?
What is the relationship between the probability of committing a type I error and the level of significance?
What is the p value in hypothesis testing?
What is a two-sided statistical test?
Write the formula for the statistical test used for single population mean hypothesis testing when the SD of the population is known and interpret the variables!
What kind of hypothesis testing can the F test be used for?
What kind of quantities can be compared with a two-sample independent groups t-test?
When does a statistic give an unbiased estimation of a parameter?
When is a sample representative?
What are the most important attributes of the quality of an estimate? Define them briefly.
Define the null hypothesis for a two-sample, tw-sided (two-tailed) t-test.
Write the null hypothesis for an F test.
What is the definition of specificity of a clinical diagnostic test?
What is the definition of sensitivity of a clinical diagnostic test?
What is the definition of positive predictive value?
What is the definition of negative predictive value?
Draw the 2x2 contingency table characterizing the sensitivity and specificity of a clinical diagnostic test.
What is the definition of odds?
Define odds ratio from a epidemiological point of view.
What is the relative risk in epidemiological studies?
Calculate the expected frequency in the upper left cell of the contingency table given below assuming the independence of the two random variables.
Specify the X^2 statistic for a test of independence.
