All Mechanisms + reactants + conditions (A2) Flashcards
Alkene to Haloalkane
Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition
Reagent: HBr, HCl, Br2 or Cl2
Alkene to Alkyl hydrogen-sulfate
Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition
Reagent: H2SO4
Alkane to Haloalkane
Mechanism: Free-Radical Substitution
Reagent: Br2 or Cl2
Condition: UV light
Alkane to CO2 + H2O
Reagent: O2
Reaction type: Combustion
Haloalkane to Alkene
Mechanism: Elimination
Reagent: KOH
Condition: Ethanol, reflux
Haloalkane to Alcohol
Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent: NaOH
Condition: Aqueous, heat under reflux
Haloalkane to Amine
Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent: Excess NH3
Condition: Ethanol, heat and pressure
Haloalkane to Nitrile
Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent: KCN
Condition: Water and Ethanol
Nitrile to Amine
Reagent: H2
Condition: Nickel [catalyst]
Amine to 2°/3° Amine Or Ammonium Quaternary Salt
Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution Reagent: Excess Haloalkane
Alkene to Alcohol
Reagent: Steam
Condition: H3PO4 [catalyst]
Reaction type: Direct Hydration
Alcohol to Alkene
Mechanism: Elimination
Reagent: Hot Conc H2SO4 OR Al2O3 [catalysts]
Condition: 600K
Alkyl Hydrogen-Sulphate to Alcohol
Reagent: H2O
Glucose to Alcohol
Conditions: Yeast, 35°C, no O2
Reaction type: Fermentation
1° Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid
Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Reflux, excess oxidising agent
Reaction type: Oxidation
1° Alcohol to Aldehyde
Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Distillation
Reaction type: Oxidation
2° Alcohol to Ketone
Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Reflux or Distillation
Reaction type: Oxidation
Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid
Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Reflux
Reaction type: Oxisation
Aldehyde to Hydroxyl Nitrile
Reagent: KCN
Conditions: Aqueous, ethanolic
Carboxylic Acid to Ester
Reagent: Alcohol
Conditions: H2SO4 [catalyst]
Acid Anhydride to Ester
Reagent: Alcohol OR Phenol
Acyl Chloride to Ester
Mechanism: Nucleophilic Addition- Elimination
Reagent: Alcohol
Aldehyde OR Ketone to Alcohol
Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition
Reagent: NaBH4
Conditions: Acidic Solvent
Reaction type: Reduction
Ester to Salt (COOH) + Alcohol
Reagent: NaOH and H2O
Reaction type: Base Hydrolysis
Ester to Carboxyl and Alcohol
Reagent: H+ and H2O
Reaction type: Acid Hydrolysis
Acyl Chloride to Amide
Reagent: NH3I
Benzene to Acyl Benzene
Mechanism: Electrophilic Substitution
Reagent: Acyl group (RC=O)
Conditions: AlCl4+ (catalyst) and RCO+ (electrophile)
Reaction type: Acylation
Benzene to Nitrobenzene
Reagent: Conc HNO3
Conditions: Conc H2SO4
Nitrobenzene to Phenyl Amine
Reagent: HCl
Conditions: Sn catalyst
Reaction type: Reduction
Long Chain Carboxylic Acid (Fatty acid) to Ester
Reagent: Glycerol
Biodiesel to Methyl Esthers
Reagent: Methanol
Other Product: Glycerol
Acid Anhydride reacts with Water
Products: 2 Carboxylic acids
Acid Anhydride reacts with Alcohol
Products: Carboxylic Acid and Esther
Acid Anhydride reacts with Ammonia
Products: Carboxylic Acid and Amide
Note: + Excess Ammonia = Salt of COOH
Acid Anhydride reacts with 1° Amine
Products: Carboxylic Acid and 2° Amide
Dicarboxylic Acid reacts with Diol
Products: Polyester and H20 - Ester bond
Dicarboxylic Acid reacts with Diamine
Products: Polyamide and H2O - Peptide bond
