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AQA A level Chemistry Mechanisms > All Mechanisms + reactants + conditions (A2) > Flashcards

All Mechanisms + reactants + conditions (A2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkene to Haloalkane

A

Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition
Reagent: HBr, HCl, Br2 or Cl2

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2
Q

Alkene to Alkyl hydrogen-sulfate

A

Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition
Reagent: H2SO4

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3
Q

Alkane to Haloalkane

A

Mechanism: Free-Radical Substitution
Reagent: Br2 or Cl2
Condition: UV light

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4
Q

Alkane to CO2 + H2O

A

Reagent: O2
Reaction type: Combustion

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5
Q

Haloalkane to Alkene

A

Mechanism: Elimination
Reagent: KOH
Condition: Ethanol, reflux

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6
Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent: NaOH
Condition: Aqueous, heat under reflux

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7
Q

Haloalkane to Amine

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent: Excess NH3
Condition: Ethanol, heat and pressure

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8
Q

Haloalkane to Nitrile

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent: KCN
Condition: Water and Ethanol

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9
Q

Nitrile to Amine

A

Reagent: H2
Condition: Nickel [catalyst]

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10
Q

Amine to 2°/3° Amine Or Ammonium Quaternary Salt

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution Reagent: Excess Haloalkane

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11
Q

Alkene to Alcohol

A

Reagent: Steam
Condition: H3PO4 [catalyst]
Reaction type: Direct Hydration

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12
Q

Alcohol to Alkene

A

Mechanism: Elimination
Reagent: Hot Conc H2SO4 OR Al2O3 [catalysts]
Condition: 600K

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13
Q

Alkyl Hydrogen-Sulphate to Alcohol

A

Reagent: H2O

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14
Q

Glucose to Alcohol

A

Conditions: Yeast, 35°C, no O2
Reaction type: Fermentation

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15
Q

1° Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid

A

Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Reflux, excess oxidising agent
Reaction type: Oxidation

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16
Q

1° Alcohol to Aldehyde

A

Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Distillation
Reaction type: Oxidation

17
Q

2° Alcohol to Ketone

A

Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Reflux or Distillation
Reaction type: Oxidation

18
Q

Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid

A

Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Reflux
Reaction type: Oxisation

19
Q

Aldehyde to Hydroxyl Nitrile

A

Reagent: KCN
Conditions: Aqueous, ethanolic

20
Q

Carboxylic Acid to Ester

A

Reagent: Alcohol
Conditions: H2SO4 [catalyst]

21
Q

Acid Anhydride to Ester

A

Reagent: Alcohol OR Phenol

22
Q

Acyl Chloride to Ester

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Addition- Elimination
Reagent: Alcohol

23
Q

Aldehyde OR Ketone to Alcohol

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition
Reagent: NaBH4
Conditions: Acidic Solvent
Reaction type: Reduction

24
Q

Ester to Salt (COOH) + Alcohol

A

Reagent: NaOH and H2O
Reaction type: Base Hydrolysis

25
Q

Ester to Carboxyl and Alcohol

A

Reagent: H+ and H2O
Reaction type: Acid Hydrolysis

26
Q

Acyl Chloride to Amide

A

Reagent: NH3I

27
Q

Benzene to Acyl Benzene

A

Mechanism: Electrophilic Substitution
Reagent: Acyl group (RC=O)
Conditions: AlCl4+ (catalyst) and RCO+ (electrophile)
Reaction type: Acylation

28
Q

Benzene to Nitrobenzene

A

Reagent: Conc HNO3
Conditions: Conc H2SO4

29
Q

Nitrobenzene to Phenyl Amine

A

Reagent: HCl
Conditions: Sn catalyst
Reaction type: Reduction

30
Q

Long Chain Carboxylic Acid (Fatty acid) to Ester

A

Reagent: Glycerol

31
Q

Biodiesel to Methyl Esthers

A

Reagent: Methanol
Other Product: Glycerol

32
Q

Acid Anhydride reacts with Water

A

Products: 2 Carboxylic acids

33
Q

Acid Anhydride reacts with Alcohol

A

Products: Carboxylic Acid and Esther

34
Q

Acid Anhydride reacts with Ammonia

A

Products: Carboxylic Acid and Amide

Note: + Excess Ammonia = Salt of COOH

35
Q

Acid Anhydride reacts with 1° Amine

A

Products: Carboxylic Acid and 2° Amide

36
Q

Dicarboxylic Acid reacts with Diol

A

Products: Polyester and H20 - Ester bond

37
Q

Dicarboxylic Acid reacts with Diamine

A

Products: Polyamide and H2O - Peptide bond

AQA A level Chemistry Mechanisms (1 decks)

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