All Literature - JVIM 2015-2019 Flashcards
25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with naturally acquired blastomycosis. O’brien et al. JVIM 2018.
- What differences in 25(OH)D and ionized calcium concentrations were found in the serum of dogs with blastomycosis vs. healthy controls?
- Blasto dogs had lower 25(OH)D and higher ionized calcium vs. controls
25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with naturally acquired blastomycosis. O’brien et al. JVIM 2018.
- What factors were associated with survival in dogs with blastomycosis?
- NOT 25(OH)D
* Lactate, bone/skin/LN involvement, # of affected sites, respiratory signs
A 6-bp deletion variant in a novel canine glutathione-S-transferase gene leads to loss of enzyme function. Craft et al. JVIM 2017.
- What gene was affected? What mutation? What effect? What breeds were overrepresented for the homozygous phenotype?
- GSTT5 gene; Asp129_Gnl130del mutation
- Purpose bred Beagle dogs; Pembroke Welsh Corgi
- 92% decrease in activity against an experimental substrate
A 6-bp deletion variant in a novel canine glutathione-S-transferase gene leads to loss of enzyme function. Craft et al. JVIM 2017.
What is the purpose of glutathione-S-transferase?
- Conjugates glutathione to detoxify endogenous (lipid peroxidase) & exogenous toxins
A comparison of liver sampling techniques in dogs. Kemp et al. JVIM 2015.
- Agreement between 14g needle, 5 mm cup, and 8 mm punch biopsies with necropsy histopath diagnosis for liver samples in dogs? What number of portal triads is recommended for accuracy?
- 60-69% agreement, NSD between methods
* 12 portal triads
A de novo mutation in the EXT2 gene associated with osteochondromatosis in a litter of American Staffordshire Terriers. Friedenberg et al. JVIM 2018.
- What gene was found to have variants associated with osteochondromatosis (multiple exostoses) in Am Staff Terriers?
- Exostosin 2 (EXT2)
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, prospective, randomized study of beraprost sodium treatment for cats with CKD. Takenaka et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the effect of beraprost sodium 55 ug/cat BID x 180 days on serum creatinine, phosphorus to calcium ratio, and USG in cats with naturally-occurring CKD?
- sCr in treated cats did not increase (2.4 à 2.5) while placebo did (2.8 à 3.2)
- P:Ca in treated cats did not increase (0.5 à 0.51) while placebo did (0.46 à 0.52)
- No effect on USG in either group
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, prospective, randomized study of beraprost sodium treatment for cats with CKD. Takenaka et al. JVIM 2018.
- What is beraprost sodium and why might it help cats with CKD?
- Prostacyclin analog à might vasodilate renal vasculature
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, prospective, randomized study of beraprost sodium treatment for cats with CKD. Takenaka et al. JVIM 2018.
- What clinical scores improved in cats treated with beraprost sodium vs. placebo?
- Appetite, physical activity scores
A Feline‐Specific Anti‐Nerve Growth Factor Antibody Improves Mobility in Cats with Degenerative Joint Disease–Associated Pain: A Pilot Proof of Concept Study. Gruen et al. JVIM 2016.
- What was the effect of anti-nerve growth factor antibody administration to cats with degenerative joint disease?
- Improved activity 2-6 weeks post-treatment
* Significant improvements in outcome score and pain index 3 weeks after administration
A Homozygous RAB3GAP1:c.743delC Mutation in Rottweilers with Neuronal Vacuolation and Spinocerebellar Degeneration. JVIM 2016
Just read the title and try to memorize the gene and breed I guess
RAB3GAP
Rotties
Neuronal vacuolation adn spinocerebellar degeneration
A monoclonal antibody-based urine Hisotpalsma antigen enzyme immunoassay (IMMY) for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in cats. Rothenburg et al. JVIM 2019.
For the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in cats, a bedside urine antigen test (IMMY) is available. How does its diagnostic performance compare with the gold standard test, and what is the gold standard?
Gold standard - Mira Vista EIA urine antigen test –> 94% sensitive, 97% specific, 96% accurate
MV test outperformed IMMY regardless of cut point used
- IMMY EIA: 89% sensitive, 80% specific, 83% accurate with 0.25 ng/ml cutoff
- IMMY EIA: 77% sensitive, 97% specific, 89% accurate with 1.1 ng/ml cutoff
A pilot study investigating circulating trimethylamine N‐oxide and its precursors in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease with or without congestive heart failure. Karlin et al. JVIM 2019.
- What differences in plasma trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors (choline, L-carnitine) were identified between dogs with MMVD and CHF vs. those without CHF and healthy controls?
- CHF MMVD dogs had increased TMAO, total L-carnitine, carnitine esters, and carnitine esters to free carnitine ratio vs. MMVD w/o CHF
- CHF MMVD dogs had increased TMAO (P = .02), choline (P = .01), total l‐carnitine (P = .01), carnitine esters (P = .02), free carnitine (P = .02), and E/F ratio (P = .009) vs. controls without MMVD
A prospective, placebo-controlled pilot evaluation of the effect of omeprazole on serum calcium, magnesium, cobalamin, gastrin concentrations, and bone in cats. Gould et al. JVIM 2016
- What was the effect of 1 mg/kg PO q12h omeprazole compared to placebo for 60 days in cats on serum calcium, magnesium, cobalamin, and gastrin concentrations? On bone density and content? Was rebound hyperacidity noted after discontinuation?
- No effect on serum calcium, magnesium (both ionized & total), or cobalamin
- Increased serum gastrin concentrations in omeprazole vs. placebo
- No effect on bone density/content
- Two cats had intragastric pH monitored after d/c à both had rebound hyperacidity
A prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study on the effect of Enterococcus faecium on clinical activity and intestinal gene expression in canine food-response chronic enteropathy. Schmitz et al. JVIM 2015.
Effect of E faecium 1707 on CCECAI, intestinal gene expression, and histopath scores in dogs with food-responsive CE?
- NSD in any evaluated parameter (very few dogs finished the trial…)
- All dogs responded rapidly to hydrolyzed diet
A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study of sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto) in dogs with cardiomegaly secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease. Newhard et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the effect of sacubitril/valsartan treatment for 30 days on blood pressure, RAAS values, echo parameters, and NT-proBNP?
Decreased % change in uALDO:uCr in treatment grp
- uALDO increased over 30 days in placebo grp but not in treatment grp
- No difference in echo parameters, SBP, NT-proBNP among groups
A prospective, randomized, masked, placebo-controlled clinical study of capromorelin in dogs with reduced appetite. Zollers et al. JVIM 2016.
- Effect of capromorelin 3 mg/kg PO SID vs. placebo on appetite in dogs inappetent for at least 3 days?
- Treatment success % higher in capromorelin (69%) vs. placebo (45%)
- BW increased over 3 days in treated but not untreated dogs
A remote assay for measuring canine platelet activation and the inhibitory effects of anti-platelet agents. Dunning et al. JVIM 2018.
- What product can be added to canine blood samples to facilitate delayed analysis of platelet activity with excellent agreement to analysis performed immediately after collection? What marker was used as a surrogate for platelet activity
- PAMfix (paraformaldehyde)
* Surface expression of P-selectin on platelets
A retrospective study of 157 hospitalized cats with pancreatitis in a tertiary care center: clinical, imaging and laboratory findings, potential prognostic markers and outcome. Nivy et al. JVIM 2018.
- What negative and positive prognostic indicators were identified in a retrospective survival analysis in cats diagnosed withpancreatitis via AUS, feline SNAP fPLI, and/or DDGR?
- NPIs: hypoglycemia, ionized hypocalcemia, lethargy, pleural effusion, azotemia, parenteral nutrition, persistent anorexia
- PPIs: antibiotics more frequently administered to survivors
- No factors remained significant after Bonferroni correction…
A retrospective study of 157 hospitalized cats with pancreatitis in a tertiary care center: clinical, imaging and laboratory findings, potential prognostic markers and outcome. Nivy et al. JVIM 2018.
- What percentage of cats diagnosed with pancreatitis had consistent ultrasound findings? What were they & percentages?
- 85%
- Pancreatomegaly (81%)
- Decreased (31%) or increased (15%) pancreatic echogenicity
- Extrahepatic biliary tract dilation (24%)
- Increased peri-pancreatic echogenicity (13%)
A retrospective study of 157 hospitalized cats with pancreatitis in a tertiary care center: clinical, imaging and laboratory findings, potential prognostic markers and outcome. Nivy et al. JVIM 2018.
- 86.6% idiopathic
* Causes: general anesthesia, trauma, hemodynamic compromise, organophosphates
A retrospective study on the safety and efficacy of leflunomide in dogs. Sato et al. JVIM 2017.
- What adverse events could possibly be related to leflunomide administration in dogs, and how frequently did they occur? What factor was different between dogs that experienced adverse events and those that did not?
- Diarrhea (3.3%), lethargy (2.2%), unexplained hemorrhage (GI) (3.3%), thrombocytopenia (6.5%) and increased liver enzymes (6.3%)
- Median dose higher in dogs with adverse events (2.6 mg/kg/d vs. 1.6 mg/kg/d)
A retrospective study on the safety and efficacy of leflunomide in dogs. Sato et al. JVIM 2017.
- What percentage of treated dogs had an apparent positive response to leflunomide?
- 70.5%; not dose-dependent
A retrospective study on the safety and efficacy of leflunomide in dogs. Sato et al. JVIM 2017.
- What recommendation was made based on study results?
- Starting dose of 2 mg/kg/d, rather than recommended 3-4 mg/kg/d
Accuracy of a flash glucose monitoring system in diabetic dogs. Corradini et al. JVIM 2016
- Correlation & accuracy of the FreeStyle libre flash glucose monitoring system with hexokinase BG in dogs?
- Strong positive correlation
- 93%, 99%, and 99% accurate at low, normal, and high BG
- Mean & SD difference 2.3 +/- 46.8 mg/dl
Accuracy of potassium supplementation of fluid administered intravenously. Hoehne et al. JVIM 2015.
- What change can make intended K match more closely with delivered K?
- Mixing the bag after addition of KCl
Activation of upper respiratory tract mucosal innate immune responses in cats by liposomal toll-like receptor ligand complexes delivered topically. Wheat et al. JVIM 2019
- What effect does the topical administration of liposome-TLR complexes (LTCs) have on innate immune regulation in healthy cats?
Rapid recruitement of monocytes to the nasal & oropharyngeal tissues in vivo
Acute echocardiographic effects of sotalol on ventricular systolic function in dogs with ventricular arrhythmias. Visser et al. JVIM 2018.
- What effect on systolic function was observed on echocardiogram 2-4 hours after administration of sotalol to dogs? Was sotalol tolerated?
- Mild decrease in left ventricular systolic function
- Sotalol was well tolerated and effective at reducing HR and VPCs, even in dogs with atrial enlargement and systolic dysfunction
Acute phase proteins and iron status in cats with CKD. Javard et al. JVIM 2017.
- What is hepcidin?
- Acute phase protein; freely filtered at the glomerulus so may accumulate in CKD
- Downregulates expression of ferroportin, the membrane iron transport protein
- Increased hepcidin traps iron inside reticuloendothelial cells & limits intestinal iron absorption
Acute phase proteins and iron status in cats with CKD. Javard et al. JVIM 2017
- What differences/associations were identified b/w CKD cats and controls in acute phase proteins and iron status?
Acute phase proteins SAA and hepcidin higher in CKD group; both correlated positively with creatinine
- higher hepcidin correlated with lower HCT
- Mean total iron and TIBC lower in the CKD group
Adenovirus-2, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and parainfluenza molecular diagnostic assay results in puppies after vaccination with modified live vaccines. Ruch-Gallie et al. JVIM 2016
What was the effect of intranasal vaccination (modified live) against adenovirus-2, B. bronch, and parainfluenza + parenteral vaccination against adenovirus-2, CDV, and parvovirus on PCR results from nasal and pharyngeal swabs in puppies? What’s the point?
Nucleic acids of adenovirus-2, B. bronch, and parainfluenza detected from both nasal and pharyngeal swabs multiple times through 28 days post-vax
- Higher numbers of positive samples days 3-10
- If Hx of vax with modified live vaccine, must take into account when interpreting respiratory PCR panel results
Agreement among radiographs, fluoroscopy, and bronchoscopy in documentation of airway collapse in dogs. Johnson et al. JVIM 2015
- What modality detected more sites of airway collapse in dogs?
In general, radiograph more sensitive, less specific than fluoroscopy during cough
- Sensitivity of TXR worse in the right lobar bronchi OTHER than the middle lobe
Alterations in serum amino acid concentrations in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy. Kathrani et al. JVIM 2018.
- What serum amino acids differed in dogs with PLE compared with healthy controls? What disease severity marker correlations were found?
- Tryptophan was lower in PLE dogs vs. controls
* Serum tryptophan correlated moderately & positively with serum albumin
Altered serum thyrotropin concentrations in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism before and during treatment. Reusch et al. JVIM 2017.
- What percentage of dogs with Addison’s and control dogs had increased cTSH? Did dogs with Addison’s and increased cTSH have increased TT4? What was the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on cTSH levels in Addisonian dogs?
- 37% (11/30) Addisonian dogs had increased cTSH; no controls had increased cTSH
- No difference in TT4 between HA dogs w/ increased cTSH vs. HA dogs w/o increased cTSH and healthy controls
cTSH normalized after GC treatment in all dogs; in 9/11 within 4 weeks - 2 dogs were treated for 3 & 4 months before normalization of cTSH
Alternating Rabacfosadine/Doxorubicin: Efficacy and Tolerability in Naïve Canine Multicentric Lymphoma. Thamm et al. JVIM 2017.
How did the alternating rabacfosadine/doxo protocol compare to standard of care CHOP protocols in terms of progression free survival, treatment visits, and adverse events?
- Similar PFI to CHOP (194 days overall; 216 for complete and 63 for partial responders)
- RAB/DOX protocol had fewer treatment visits than CHOP
- Most adverse effects mild & self-limiting; two dogs developed pulmonary fibrosis
- Anatomical classifications of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction? Which are upper and which are lower motor neuron?
- Suprapontine (forebrain) – UMN
- Pontine (brainstem) – UMN
- Suprasacral spinal cord – UMN
- Sacral spinal cord – LMN
- Subsacral & peripheral nerves - LMN
Anderson et al. JVIM 2019. Lispro insulin and electrolyte supplementation for treatment of DKA in cats.
What differences in outcome were seen between DKA cats treated with a CRI of lispro vs. regular insulin?
Lispro-treated cats had shorter time to BG < 250 mg/dL (7 vs. 12.5 h)
No difference in time to resolution of ketosis, acidosis, time to SC insulin administration, or time to hospital discharge
No difference in hospitalization cost
Anderson et al. JVIM 2019. Lispro insulin and electrolyte supplementation for treatment of DKA in cats.
What CRI insulin dose was associated with a better outcome in DKA cats?
0.09 U/kg/h had better outcome than 0.045 U/kg/h
Antigen concentrations as an indicator of clinical remission and disease relapse in cats with histoplasmosis. Hanzlicek et al. JVIM 2016.
- What percentage of cats had positive urine and serum histoplasma antigen tests (MV Ag EIA) at diagnosis? At relapse?
- Diagnosis: 93% positive in urine, 73% in serum
* Relapse: urine positive 2/2, serum positive ½
Antigen concentrations as an indicator of clinical remission and disease relapse in cats with histoplasmosis. Hanzlicek et al. JVIM 2016.
- Sensitivity and specificity of urine and serum histoplasma antigen (MV Ag EIA) elimination for detecting disease remission?
- Urine: 90% sensitive, 65% specific
* Serum: 90% sensitive, 52% specific
Antihistone antibodies in Dobermans with hepatitis. Dyggve et al. JVIM 2017.
- What percentage of subclinically and clinically affected Dobermans with hepatitis had increased anti-histone antibodies? What percentage of healthy Dobermans?
- Subclinical: 92% had increased AHA
- Clinical: 85% had increased AHA
- Healthy controls: 0% had increased AHA
Antihistone antibodies in Dobermans with hepatitis. Dyggve et al. JVIM 2017.
- What was the sensitivity and specificity of an ELISA for anti-histone IgG to detect clinical or subclinical Doberman hepatitis?
- Sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 100%
Antihistone antibodies in Dobermans with hepatitis. Dyggve et al. JVIM 2017.
- What are the two proposed mechanisms for Doberman hepatitis?
- Copper mediated
* Auto-immune
Antihistone antibodies in Dobermans with hepatitis. Dyggve et al. JVIM 2017.
- What genetic mutation is associated with an increased risk for Doberman hepatitis?
- Homozygous for dog leukocyte antigen DRB*00601
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in urinary tract infections in dogs (2010-2013). Wong et al. JVIM 2015.
Questions
- Most common bacterial isolates in canine UTI? Susceptibility percentages?
- E. coli (53%), Staph (14%), Enterococcus (13%)
Amoxy 60% susceptible; clavamox 76%, cephalexin 66%, enroflox 74%, TMS 86% - Susceptibility higher in uncomplicated UTIs; MDR staph & E. coli more common in complicated UTIs
- Use of doxy, amoxi,
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in urinary tract infections in dogs (2010-2013). Wong et al. JVIM 2015.
- Infectious disease working group classifications for complicated vs. uncomplicated UTIs?
- Uncomplicated: sporadic bacterial bladder infection; normal urinary tract anatomy & function, otherwise healthy animal
- Complicated: Comorbidities (DM, urinary/repro tract anatomic/conformational abnormalities, etc.)
- Recurrent: 3+ episodes in one year
Applicability of 99mTc-Labeled human serum albumin scintigraphy in dogs with PLE. Englemann et al. JVIM 2017.
- How many PLE dogs had exudation of the radiolabeled albumin into the GI tract?
- 5/8; 2 focal small intestinal & 3 diffuse small intestinal exudation
Assessment of canine pancreas-specific lipase and outcomes in dogs with hemodialysis-dependent AKI. Takada et al. JVIM 2018.
What percentage of dogs with AKI dependent on hemodialysis had a spec CPL > 400? What association did CPL have with outcome?
62% had CPL > 400; no difference b/w survivors and non, no association w/ survival or dialysis-dependency
Assessment of eosinophils in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease of dogs. Bastan et al. JVIM 2018.
- What is a major limitation of the ability of H&E stains to detect eosinophils in histological GI sections?
- Cannot detect degranulated eosinophils
Assessment of eosinophils in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease of dogs. Bastan et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the effect of IHC (monoclonal antibody against eosinophil peroxidase granule protein) vs. H&E on duodenal, gastric, and colonic biopsy sections from dogs with eosinophilic, LP, controls, and mixed enteritis?
Number of intact eos detected with Epx mAb was significantly higher vs. H&E in all sections
of intact and degranulated eos higher in duodenal lamina propria of eosinophilic enteritis and mixed groups vs. control dogs
Assessment of lung ultrasound B-lines in dogs with different stages of chronic valvular heart disease. Vezzosi et al. JVIm 2017
- What was the sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound/B-line assessment for detecting pulmonary edema in dogs with valvular heart disease? PPV and NPV?
- Sensitivity 90%, specificity 93%
* PPV 86%, NPV 95%
Association b/w survival time and changes in NT-proBNP in cats treated for congestive heart failure. Pierce et al. JVIM 2017
- What was the association between NT-proBNP at CHF diagnosis, at discharge from the hospital, and at 7-10 day re-evaluation in cats treated for CHF on survival? What other patient factors impacted survival?
- Cats with a larger % decrease in NT-proBNP from CHF diagnosis to hospital discharge had longer survival (overall MST 109 days)
- Cats with CHF at re-evaluation and whose owners had trouble giving meds had shorter survival
Association between Body Condition Score and Cancer Prognosis in Dogs with Lymphoma and Osteosarcoma. Romano et al. JVIM 2016
- What was the effect of BCS on outcome in dogs with lymphoma? With osteosarcoma?
- Lymphoma: underweight dogs had shorter ST vs. ideal, overweight; NSD in PFI
- Osteosarcoma: no effect of BCS on ST or PFI
Association between clinically probable REM sleep behavior disorder and tetanus in dogs. Shea et al. JVIM 2018.
- What sleep disorder was associated with recovery from dogs diagnosed with tetanus in the UK? What was the progression of this disease with time?
- REM sleep behavior disorder (46% of dogs developed)
* Did not worsen in severity or frequency in any dog; resolved w/in 6 months in 43%
Association between estrus and onset of seizures in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Van Meervenne et al. JVIM 2015.
- Association between heat cycle and seizures in intact bitches with idiopathic epilepsy?
- Two hormonal patterns
- Dogs would have seizures during heat cycle OR
- Dogs would have seizures at end of diestrus
Association between gallbladder ultrasound findings and bacterial culture of bile in 70 cats and 202 dogs. Smith et al. JVIM 2017
- What was the sensitivity and specificity of an abdominal GB on AUS for detection of cats that will have a positive bile bacterial culture? For dogs? What AUS abnormality was most common for each?
Cats: sensitivity 96%, specificity 49%; GB wall thickening (OR 6.3 for bactibilia)
- GB sludge also associated with bactibilia (OR 3.2)
- Dogs: sensitivity 81%, specificity 31%; GB sludge MC but not associated with bactibilia
Association between gallbladder ultrasound findings and bacterial culture of bile in 70 cats and 202 dogs. Smith et al. JVIM 2017
- What percentage of patients that underwent cholecystocentesis experienced a complication?
- 3.4%
Association between gallbladder ultrasound findings and bacterial culture of bile in 70 cats and 202 dogs. Smith et al. JVIM 2017
- What percentage of dogs and cats that had bile culture performed were positive? What bacterial isolates were most common?
- Cats: 33%; Dogs: 18%
Escherichia coli, Enterococcus
Association between life span and body condition in neutered client-owned dogs. Salt et al. JVIM 2019
- What was the effect of body condition on risk of death & lifespan in neutered dogs?
- Instantaneous death risk for overweight dogs higher than normal body condition dogs for all breeds
- Median life span was shorter in overweight dogs
- Yorkies most, GSDs least affected
Association of acute Babesia canis infection and serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apoprotein concentrations in dogs. Milanovic et al. JVIM 2019.
What changes in inflammatory markers, serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apoprotein concentrations were observed in dogs with B. canis infections compared to healthy controls?
B. canis dogs had markedly increased serum amyloid a
B. canis dogs had increased HDL diameter and ApoA
B. canis dogs had lower serum cholesterol, phospholipid, and HDL concentrations
Association of Canine Osteosarcoma and Monocyte Phenotype and Chemotactic Function. Tuohy et al. JVIM 2016
- What differences in monocyte chemokine receptor expression and chemotaxis were identified between dogs with osteosarcoma and healthy controls?
- Decreased CCR2, CXCR2 expression in OSA monocytes; increased PGE2, TNFa
- Monocytes in dogs with OSA had decreased chemotactic function
Association of fecal calprotectin concentrations with disease severity, response to treatment, and other biomarkers in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies. Heilmann et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the clinical utility of fecal calprotectin to distinguish dogs with FRE/ARE from dogs with SRE/IRE? Within SRE/IRE dogs, could it distinguish responders from partial/non?
- Higher calprotectin in dogs with SRE/IRE vs FRE/ARE but not significant
- Higher calprotectin in non-responsive/partially responsive SRE/IRE dogs (not significant)
Association of gallbladder mucocele histologic diagnosis with selected drug use in dogs: a matched case-control study. Gookin et al. JVIM 2015
- What drugs were associated with GBM in dogs?
- Thyroxine, Cushing’s treatment, imidacloprid
* Shelties 9.3x more likely to have used imidacloprid
Association of hypercalcemia before treatment with hypocalcemia after treatment in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism. Dear et al. JVIM 2017.
- What were the findings? What recommendation is made?
Significant association between higher pre-operative iCa and proportion of dogs with post-Sx iCa < 1.00
- Dogs with “higher” initial iCa concentrations should be treated to prevent rapid decline and development of clinical hypocalcemia
Association of obesity with serum leptin, adiponectin, and serotonin and gut microflora in Beagle Dogs. Park et al. JVIM 2015
- How did the gut microbiome, serum leptin, serum adiponectin, and serum and CSF serotonin differ between lean and obese lab Beagles?
- Obese: increased leptin, decreased adiponectin and CSF serotonin levels
- Microbiome: obese dogs had abundance of Proteobacteria (76%); lean had abundance of Firmicutes (85%)
Association of vitamin D status and clinical outcome in dogs with a chronic enteropathy. Titmarsh et al. JVIM 2015
- How did serum 25(OH)D concentrations at diagnosis compare b/w survivors and nonsurvivors in dogs with CE?
- Lower in nonsurvivors (4.4 vs. 24 median)
* Significant predictor of death…OR 1.08…
Associations of environment, health history, T-zone lymphoma, and T-zone like cells of undetermined significance: A case-control study of aged Golden Retrievers. Labadie et al. JVIM 2019.
- What percentage of lymphomas in older dogs are T-zone lymphomas? How does T-zone lymphoma typically behave?
- 12%
* Typically indolent
Associations of environment, health history, T-zone lymphoma, and T-zone like cells of undetermined significance: A case-control study of aged Golden Retrievers. Labadie et al. JVIM 2019.
- What conditions were associated with both T-zone lymphoma development and the presence of “T-zone like cells of unknown significance” in Golden Retrievers?
- Urinary tract infection and cystic calculi
* Eye disease
Associations of environment, health history, T-zone lymphoma, and T-zone like cells of undetermined significance: A case-control study of aged Golden Retrievers. Labadie et al. JVIM 2019.
- What conditions/meds were significantly associated with T-zone lymphoma development in dogs?
- Hypothyroidism (decreased risk)
- Mange (increased risk)
- Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation (decreased risk)
Atrial fibrillation as a prognostic indicator in medium to large-sized dogs with myxomatous mitral valvular degeneration and congestive heart failure. Jung et al. JVIM 2016
- What was the effect of atrial fibrillation on risk of cardiac death and survival time in dogs with MMVD and CHF? Treatment effects?
- Increased hazard of cardiac related death in dogs with A fib (HR 2.5)
MST longer in dogs w/o A fib (142 vs. 234 days)MST longer in dogs w/ A fib & controlled HR < 160 (171 vs. 61 d)
- Digoxin + diltiazem decreased med HR to 144 in dogs with A fib & increased survival time over diltiazem alone (130 days vs. 35 days)
Atrioventricular accessory pathways in 89 dogs: Clinical features and outcome after radiofrequency catheter ablation. Wright et al. JVIM 2018.
- What signalment of dog was overrepresented for atrioventricular accessory pathways? What was the overall response to radiofrequency catheter ablation?
- Labrador retrievers, males
* 98.8% of dogs had resolution or substantial improvement of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy one month post-ablation
Atrioventricular accessory pathways in 89 dogs: Clinical features and outcome after radiofrequency catheter ablation. Wright et al. JVIM 2018.
- What cardiomyopathy phenotype should prompt consideration of AV accessory pathways?
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
Australian Cattle Dogs with Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis are Homozygous for a CLN5 Nonsense Mutation Previously Identified in Border Collies. Kolicheski et al. JVIM 2016.
- What genetic mutation was associated with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in both Australian Cattle dogs and Border Collies?
- Homozygous for nonsense mutation of CLN2
Babesia gibsoni cytochrome b mutations in canine blood samples submitted to a US veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Birkenheuer et al. JVIM 2018.
What was the overall prevalence of cytochrome b mutations in B. gibsoni in canine blood samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic lab? What was the incidence of new cytochrome b mutations in dogs that had follow up testing after initial B gibsoni diagnosis?
- 3.5% overall prevalence
* 12% prevalence on follow up testing
Babesia gibsoni cytochrome b mutations in canine blood samples submitted to a US veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Birkenheuer et al. JVIM 2018.
What is the mechanism of action of atovaquone?
Inhibition of the parasitic mitochondrial electron transport system at the level of the cytochrome bc1 complex
Babesia gibsoni cytochrome b mutations in canine blood samples submitted to a US veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Birkenheuer et al. JVIM 2018.
What percentage of dogs infected with B. gibsoni were American Staffordshire Terriers?
- 74%
Bacterial cholangitis, cholecystitis, or both in dogs. Tamborini et al. JVIM 2016
- What CPC findings were common in dogs with cholangitis and cholecystitis?
- Increased liver enzymes 25/26 (ALT & ALP in 25/26)
- Hyperbilirubinemia 20/26
- Inflammatory leukogram 21/24
Bacterial cholangitis, cholecystitis, or both in dogs. Tamborini et al. JVIM 2016
How many samples cultured positive? What were the most frequent bacterial isolates in this study? Resistance profiles?
- 22/23 bile, 9/9 GB wall, and 3/10 liver cultures positive
E.coli, Enterococcus, Clostridium (in most other studies, Clostridium wasn’t common)
10/16 E. coli isolates resistant to 3+ antimicrobial classes
Bacterial cholangitis, cholecystitis, or both in dogs. Tamborini et al. JVIM 2016
- What was the utility of abdominal ultrasound in making a diagnosis of cholangitis/cholecystitis?
- AUS abnormalities that aided decision making in 25/26 cases
Bacterial cholangitis, cholecystitis, or both in dogs. Tamborini et al. JVIM 2016
- What was the outcome for dogs with cholecystitis/cholangitis?
- Biliary tract rupture in 1/3 of cases; 50% mortality rate in dogs with rupture
- 21/27 (78%) dogs survived to discharge, 17/18 alive 2 months later; persistent LE elevation common
Bacterial urinary tract infections associated with transitional cell carcinoma in dogs. Budreckis et al. JVIM 2015.
- What percentage of dogs with TCC undergoing chemotherapy had at least 1 pos culture during the course of treatment?
55%; females more likely
- Dogs with urethral involvement more likely & females more likely to have urethral involvement
Bacterial urinary tract infections associated with transitional cell carcinoma in dogs. Budreckis et al. JVIM 2015.
- Most commonly isolated organisms?
- Staph (24%), E. coli (20%)
Bae et al. Therapeutic monitoring of rivaroxaban in dogs using thromboelastography and prothrombin time.
What changes in TEG parameters and prothrombin time indicate therapeutic serum anti-Xa concentrations of rivaroxaban in dogs?
- 5-1.9x delay in prothrombin time
- 5-1.9x delay in R-value on TEG
Balloon Valvuloplasty of Tricuspid Stenosis: A Retrospective Study of 5 Labrador Retriever Dogs. Lake-Bakaar et al. JVIM 2017.
- Should balloon valvuloplasty be considered as a treatment option for dogs with severe tricuspid valve stenosis? What should you warn owners about?
- Yes, but clinical signs can recur
* R-CHF due to worsened tricuspid regurgitation happened in 1/5 dogs
Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence ofBabesiaspp. and clinical characteristics ofBabesia vulpesin North American dogs.
What is the prevalence ofBabesiaspp. infection in dogs in North America?
B. gibsoni?
B. vulpes?
B. vogeli?
B. canis?
Overall babesia: 2.9%
B. gibsoni: 2%
B. vulpes: 0.51%
B. vogeli: 0.31%
B. canis: 0.19%
Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence ofBabesiaspp. and clinical characteristics ofBabesia vulpesin North American dogs.
What percentage of dogs withB. vulpesinfections were coinfected withB. gibsoni?
60%
Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence ofBabesiaspp. and clinical characteristics ofBabesia vulpesin North American dogs.
What percentage of dogs withB. vulpeswere coinfected with non-babesia infections? What co-infections were common? What co-exposures
79% of dogs co-infected with non-babesia infections
Common co-infections: D. immitus, Wolbachia, hemotropic Mycoplasmas
Common co-exposures: Bartonella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia
Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence ofBabesiaspp. and clinical characteristics ofBabesia vulpesin North American dogs.
What treatment(s) were effective in dogs infected withB. vulpes?
Atovaquone + azithromycin
Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence ofBabesiaspp. and clinical characteristics ofBabesia vulpesin North American dogs.
What clinicopathologic abnormalities were associated withB. vulpesinfection?
Regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, proteinuria (azotemia uncommon), hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia
Barash et al. JVIM 2019. Prevalence ofBabesiaspp. and clinical characteristics ofBabesia vulpesin North American dogs.
What routes of transmission are possible for canine babesiosis?
Vector-borne (Dermacentor, Rhipicephalusticks)
Dog bite
Blood transfusion
+/- transplacental
Bartonella seroepidemiology in dogs from North America, 2008-2014. Lashnits et al. JVIM 2018.
What two species of Bartonella were dogs most likely seroreactive to? What was the overall prevalence of seroreactivity for all Bartonella species?
- Overall prevalence 3.3%
B. henselae (2.13%); B. koehlerae (2.39%)
Bartonella seroepidemiology in dogs from North America, 2008-2014. Lashnits et al. JVIM 2018.
What signalment of dog was more likely to be seroreactive to Bartonella
- Intact males, mixed breeds > pure
Bartonella seroepidemiology in dogs from North America, 2008-2014. Lashnits et al. JVIM 2018.
What seasonal and geographic trends were identified in Bartonella seroreactivity in dogs?
- No trend in seasonal seroreactivity
* Geographic patterns supported broad distribution of exposure throughout North America
Behavior in dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism during treatment with levothyroxine. Hrovat et al. JVIM 2019.
- What was the effect of 6 weeks of levothyroxine supplementation on behavior, serotonin, and prolactin levels in hypothyroid dogs?
- Dogs had increased activity; no difference in serum prolactin or serotonin levels
- No significant change in any of the behavioral signs after 6 months of therapy
Beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in dogs with acute pancreatitis and without diabetes mellitus. Hurrel et al. JVIM 2016
- How did beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations differ between dogs with acute pancreatitis, dogs with other illnesses, and healthy fasted controls?
- BOHB in AP (0.3) > other illness (0.2) > fasted dogs (0.1)
Biological variability in serum cortisol concentration post-adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation in healthy dogs. Gal et al. JVIM 2017
- What was the critical difference in cortisol levels for ACTH stimulation in healthy dogs? Was there a sex difference?
- Critical difference was 3.3 ug/dL
* Mean cortisol higher in males vs. females (13.3 vs. 11.5)
Blood pressure measurements in 780 apparently healthy cats. Payne et al. JVIM 2017.
- What was the mean and IQR for systolic blood pressure in healthy cats assessed via Doppler sphygmomanometry? What factors were associated with a higher blood pressure
- 120 mmHg (110-132)
* Increasing age, male sex, neutered status, increased nervousness, history of stray
Blood transfusions in dogs and cats receiving hemodialysis: 230 cases (June 1997 – September 2012). Langston et al. JVIM 2017
- What percentage of cats and dogs undergoing hemodialysis received blood products? Effect on outcome?
- 87% of cats, 32% of dogs
* # of transfusions associated with increased likelihood of death in dogs but not cats
Borys et al. JVIM 2019. Differences in clinicopathologic variables betweenBorreliaC6 antigen seroreactive andBorreliaC6 seronegative glomerulopathy in dogs.
What breed was overrepresented for developing PLN after infection withBorrelia?
Retrievers (Labrador, Golden)
Borys et al. JVIM 2019. Differences in clinicopathologic variables betweenBorreliaC6 antigen seroreactive andBorreliaC6 seronegative glomerulopathy in dogs.
What clinicopathologic differences were found between C6 seroreactive and seronegative dogs with PLN?
Seroreactive more likely to have thrombocytopenia, anemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, neutrophilia
Seroreactive more likely to have active urine sediment (pyuria, hematuria) and glucosuria without positive urine culture
Borys et al. JVIM 2019. Differences in clinicopathologic variables betweenBorreliaC6 antigen seroreactive andBorreliaC6 seronegative glomerulopathy in dogs.
What is the C6 antigen and why is it used to detect infection with Borrelia?
How does C6 antigen positivity behave with treatment ofBorrelia?
C6 antigen is a portion of the VslE surface protein on theBorreliaorganism
Only expressed within the host during active infection
BUT qualitative tests will remain positive even after treatment/resolution, sometimes for years
Bottero et al. JVIM 2019. Comparison of two differently sized endoscopic biopsy forceps in the evaluation of intestinal disease in cats.
What was the effect of the use of small (1.8 mm) vs. large (2.4 mm) cup biopsy forceps on the percentage of “adequate” biopsy specimens obtained during upper GI endoscopy in cats?
Lg forceps –> higher percentage of adequate specimens & more likely to provide the correct diagnosis if there was disagreement
Substanital agreement between large and small forceps for lymphoma but not for IBD
Bradley et al. JVIM 2019. Predicting early risk of CKD in cats using routine laboratory tests and machine learning.
What were the sensitivity and specificity of a machine-learning based, predictive model for the development of CKD in cats 1 year prior to CKD diagnosis?
2 years prior?
1 year: Sensitivity 63%; Specificity 99%
2 years: Sensitivity 44%; Specificity 99%
Bradley et al. JVIM 2019. Predicting early risk of CKD in cats using routine laboratory tests and machine learning.
Recently, a predictive model for the development of CKD in cats was developed using routing laboratory tests. What parameters were ultimately included in the predictive model?
BUN, creatinine, age, USG
Breed distribution and clinical characteristics of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in dogs. Bromberek et al. JVIM 2016.
- Common clinical findings in dogs with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
- Mean age 11 y; no sex predilection
- Small breed dogs overrepresented (plus English Bulldogs)
- > half had peripheral lymphadenomegaly or splenomegaly
- 26% anemic
Breed distribution and clinical characteristics of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in dogs. Bromberek et al. JVIM 2016.
- Unique clinical features of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in English Bulldogs?
- Diagnosed younger – med 6 years
* Expressed lower MHC class II and CD25 on neoplastic B cells
Breed, coat color, and hair length as risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats. Crossley et al. JVIM 2017.
- What purebred cats had decreased risk of hyperthyroidism compared to the DSH? In nonpurebreds, what appearance factors influenced hyperthyroid risk?
- Burmese, Tonkinese, Persian, Siamese, Abyssinian, British Shorthair had decreased risk
- Longhaired cats at increased risk; coat color & pattern not associated
Breheny et al. JVIM 2019. Esophageal feeding tube placement and associated complications in 248 cats.
How does the overall complication rate and infection rate in this study compare to the subsequent study by Nathanson et al?
Infection rate in this study 12%; subsequent study 18%
Overall complication rate 36% in this study, 46% in subsequent study
Breheny et al. JVIM 2019. Esophageal feeding tube placement and associated complications in 248 cats.
What factors increased the odds of E-tube stoma site infection in this study?
How does this compare to risk factors identified in the Nathanson et al study?
Risk factors: administration of glucocorticoids or chemo drugs, stoma site discharge
Nathanson study did not identify any risk factors for complications or infection
Breheny et al. JVIM 2019. Esophageal feeding tube placement and associated complications in 248 cats.
What factors increased the risk of death in cats receiving E-tubes?
Lower body weight
Comorbid conditions of multiple types (neoplasia, respiratory disease, pancreatic disease, infectious disease, urogenital disease)
Bronchoscopy, imaging, and concurrent diseases in dogs with bronchiectasis. Johnson et al. JVIM 2016
- Prevalence of bronchiectasis in dogs undergoing bronchoscopy? Diagnosed via what modalities?
- 14% prevalence
* Bronchoscopy diagnosed 92%, CT 100%, TXR 60%
Bronchoscopy, imaging, and concurrent diseases in dogs with bronchiectasis. Johnson et al. JVIM 2016
- Final diagnoses associated with bronchiectasis in dogs undergoing bronchoscopy?
Bronchoscopy, imaging, and concurrent diseases in dogs with bronchiectasis. Johnson et al. JVIM 2016
- Prevalence of bacteria in dogs undergoing bronchoscopy with bronchiectasis? Isolates & characteristics?
- 28% had bacterial isolation on airway specimens
Strep, Pasteurella, enteric organisms, Stenotrophomonas most common
Strep = G+ coccus, facultative anaerobe
Pasteurella = G- coccobacillus, facultative anaerobe
Stenotrophomonas = G- aerobe, flagellated
Bronchoscopy, imaging, and concurrent diseases in dogs with bronchiectasis. Johnson et al. JVIM 2016
Common additional bronchoscopic findings in dogs with bronchiectasis?
- Airway hyperemia (67%), focal/multifocal mucus plugging (48%), airway collapse (58%)
Buresova et al. JVIM 2019. Assessment of SDMA as a biomarker of renal function in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine.
What was the relationship of SDMA to sCr and GFR (estimated via exogenous creatinine clearance) in cats pre- and post I-131 therapy?
SDMA was not correlated to GFR in this population
sCr had a significant, moderate, negative correlation with GFR both pre and post treatment
Buresova et al. JVIM 2019. Assessment of SDMA as a biomarker of renal function in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine.
What was the significance of a high SDMA in nonazotemic hyperthyroid cats that received I-131 therapy
4/6 cats with high pre-treatment SDMA had normalization of SDMA post-treatment
High pre-treatment SDMA did not predict development of azotemia post I-131 -
Important to carefully interpret a mild SDMA elevation with a normal creatinine in cats before 131
c-Kit mutation and localization status as response predictors in mast cell tumors in dogs treated with prednisone and toceranib or vinblastine. Weishaar et al. JVIM 2018.
- Did c-kit mutation status predict treatment response in dogs with mast cell tumor treated with vinblastine vs. toceranib? Treatment response for each group?
- NSD between PFS (78 vs. 95 d), OS (241 vs. 159 d) for VBL & TOC, respectively
NSD in proportion of dogs with c-kit mutations (30% TOC, 20% VBL) in either group - c-kit mutation status did not predict treatment response to either drug
Cai et al. JVIM 2019. Heritability and complex segregation analysis of diabetes mellitus in Alaskan Eskimo dogs.
What was the heritability and mode of inheritence of DM in AED?
Heritability 0.62
Polygenic
Calcitonin response to naturally occurring ionized hypercalcemia in cats with CKD. Van den Broek et al. JVIM 2018.
- What percentage of cats with CKD and hypercalcemia showed a calcitonin response to hypercalcemia?
- 33%; in these cats, calcitonin correlated with iCa and ALP
Campylobacter species and neutrophilic inflammatory bowel disease in cats. Maunder et al .JVIM 2016.
What proportion of cats with neutrophilic IBD vs. lymphocytic IBD were positive for C. coli on FISH of duodenal biopsies? C. jejuni?
6/7 neutrophilic cats vs. 1/8 LP cats; colocalization of neutrophils and C. coli
NSD in number of cats with neutrophilic vs. LP IBD that were C. jejuni positive
Canine pancreatic-specific lipase concentrations in dogs with heart failure and chronic mitral valvular insufficiency. Han et al. JVIM 2015.
- Is chronic mitral valvular disease associated with pancreatic injury in dogs?
- Yes. CPLI increased with increasing stage of heart disease
* cPLI correlated to LA:Ao and severity of heart failure
Cardiac and metabolic variables in obese dogs. Tropf et al. JVIM 2017.
- What metabolic derangements were identified in healthy small breed obese dogs compared to healthy controls? What was the effect of obesity on blood pressure?
- Increased insulin:glucose ratio, increased trig/chol, HDL, decreased adiponectin
- Increased IL-8 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine like inflammatory cytokines
- NSD in systolic blood pressure between groups
Cardiac troponin I and NT-proBNP in dogs with stable CKD. Pelander et al. JVIM 2017
- What adjustments must be made in the interpretation of cTnI and NT-proBNP in dogs with stable CKD compared to dogs without CKD?
- cTnI and NT-proBNP were not associated with GFR à don’t accumulate in CKD dogs
- No adjustments to interpretation in dogs with stable CKD
Cell-free DNA and DNase activity in dogs with IMHA. Jeffery et al. JVIM 2017
How did plasma cell-free DNA and DNase activity compare between IMHA dogs and controls?
- Cell-free DNA higher in cases vs. controls (med 45 ng/ml vs. 26 ng/ml)
- DNase activity not different between cases and controls
Cell-free DNA and DNase activity in dogs with IMHA. Jeffery et al. JVIM 2017
- What association was found between plasma cell-free DNA and death in IMHA dogs? Risk of thrombosis?
- Upper quartile for cfDNA vs. lower 3 quartiles had 15x OR for death
- No association b/w cfDNA and thrombosis
Central hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers. Voorbij et al. JVIM 2016
- What proportion of Mini Schnauzers with central hypothyroidism were normal in stature? What genes were investigated for causal mutations, and what mutations were identified?
- 4/7 normal in stature; 3/7 disproportionate dwarfism
* TSHB gene and TRH receptor genes investigated; no causal mutations found
Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy as a Diagnostic Marker of Canine Degenerative Myelopathy. Toedebusch et al. JVIM 2017.
- What was the sensitivity and specificity of CSF phosphorylated neurofilament heavy for detection of DM in dogs? Could serum pNF-H detect DM?
- Sensitivity 80%; specificity 94%
* NSD in serum pNF-H b/w control and DM affected dogs
Changes in Serum and Urine SAA Concentrations and Qualitative and Quantitative Proteinuria in Abyssinian Cats with Familial Amyloidosis: A Five-year Longitudinal Study (2009–2014). Paltrinieri et al. JVIM 2015
- What diagnostics were potentially useful in detection of familial amyloidosis in cats? Which were not helpful?
- Urine amyloid A higher in the cattery with high FA prevalence, esp in late stage FA
- Urine electrophoresis identified mixed proteinuria only in cats with FA
- UPC occasionally increased in all cats, but more often increased in FA (not helpful)
- Serum amyloid A NSD between cats with and without FA
Changes in serum creatinine concentration and acute kidney injury grade in dogs treated with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 from 2013 to 2015. Sigrist et al. JVIM 2017
- What associations between development of AKI and administration of hydroxyethyl starch were identified in hospitalized dogs?
- # of days receiving HES was associated with an increase in AKI grade w/in 10 days
- HES exposure, HES ml/kg/d not associated with increase in AKI grade
Changes in systolic blood pressure over time in healthy cats and cats with chronic kidney disease. Bijsmans et al. JVIM 2015.
- Describe the relationship between CKD, age, and hypertension in cats.
- SBP increased with age in CKD and healthy cats
- Healthy cats at less risk than CKD cats to develop hypertension (HR 0.2)
- Creatinine is an independent risk factor for hypertension development
Characteristics of dogs with biofilm-forming E. coli urinary tract infections. Kern et al. JVIM 2018.
What percentage of stored urinary E. coli isolates from dogs were capable of forming biofilms? How did biofilm forming isolates’ resistance patterns compare to non?
- 52.6% were capable of forming biofilms
Biofilm forming E. coli was less likely to be multi-drug resistant
Characteristics of dogs with biofilm-forming E. coli urinary tract infections. Kern et al. JVIM 2018.
What differences were found between dogs with biofilm-forming E. coli in the urinary tract vs. those with non-biofilm forming E. coli?
- No differences between population or infection characteristics (age, BCS, sex, weight)
Characteristics of hemostasis during experimental Ehrlichia canis infection. Shropshire et al. JVIM 2018.
What changes in hemostatic parameters were noted in dogs experimentally infected with E. canis?
- Significantly lower platelet counts & antiplatelet antibodies
- Platelet aggregation, hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic TEG profiles
Characterization of paroxysmal gluten-sensitive dyskinesia in Border Terriers using serological markers. Lowrie et al. JVIM 2018.
- What three clinical features were common in Border Terriers with paroxysmal gluten-sensitive dyskinesia? What serological markers can be used for diagnosis, and are they sensitive and specific?
- Dermatopathy, paroxysmal dyskinesia, GI signs
* Anti-canine gliadin IgG; Anti transglutaminase 2 IgG; specific not sensitive
Charalambous et al. JVIM 2019.Comparison of intranasal versus intravenous midazolam for management of status epilepticus in dogs: A multi‐center randomized parallel group clinical study.
Taking into account medication preparation and IV catheter placement, was administration of 0.2 mg/kg midazolam faster at ending status epilepticus when administered intranasally or IV?
Intranasally (100 s vs. 270 s)
Chetboul et al. JVIM 2019. Clinical, epidemiological, and echocardiographic features and prognostic indicators in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study of 92 cases (2001-2015).
MST of cats with myocardial restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Factors associated with survival?
MST 667 days
Increasing LA:Ao, severe LA enlargement associated with shorter time to cardiac death
Chik et al. JVIM 2019. Therapeutic use of tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution for treatment of subcutaneous ureteral bypass device mineralization in cats.
What was the effect of infusion of 1-2 ml 2% tEDTA solution into mineralized & obstructed SUB systems in cats?
All cats had resolution of obstruction
Cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs: A descriptive study of 54 cases based on histopathologic diagnosis (2004-2014). Harrison et al. JVIM 2018
- What were the most common presenting complaints & physical exam findings associated with cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs?
- Vomiting (73%), lethargy (70%), inappetence (65%), diarrhea (32%), fever (30%), icterus (26%)
Cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs: A descriptive study of 54 cases based on histopathologic diagnosis (2004-2014). Harrison et al. JVIM 2018
- ALP increased in 97%; increased ALT, T bili, cholesterol, AST, GGT common
Cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs: A descriptive study of 54 cases based on histopathologic diagnosis (2004-2014). Harrison et al. JVIM 2018
- What percentage of dogs with cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis had negative bacterial cultures for the liver? For the bile? What were the most common bacterial isolates in positive dogs?
- 56% negative liver cultures; 53% negative bile cultures
E. coli & Enterococcus (faecium > faecalis)
Cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs: A descriptive study of 54 cases based on histopathologic diagnosis (2004-2014). Harrison et al. JVIM 2018
- What was overall median survival for dogs with cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis? What factors influenced survival?
- MST 671 days & 85% discharged from the hospital
Being > 13 years old and not having cholecystectomy decreased survival
Cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis in dogs: A descriptive study of 54 cases based on histopathologic diagnosis (2004-2014). Harrison et al. JVIM 2018
- What type of inflammation was most common on histopath samples of the liver in dogs with cholangitis/cholangiohepaitis? What other histopath findings were common?
- 98% of dogs had neutrophilic inflammation; mild and chronic in most dogs
- 85% had portal fibrosis, 43% had intrahepatic biliary obstruction
Chronic diarrhea in dogs – retrospective study in 136 cases. Volkmann et al. JVIM 2017.
- What percentage of dog with chronic diarrhea had a primary GI cause? Within those dogs, what percentage had IBD (FRE, idiopathic, ARE)? Infectious and neoplastic causes?
90% primary GI (EPI most common 2o GI cause)
- 71% inflammatory – 66% FRE, 23% idiopathic, 11% ARE
- 13% infectious
- 4% neoplastic
Chronic diarrhea in dogs – retrospective study in 136 cases. Volkmann et al. JVIM 2017.
- What percentage of dogs had clinical remission? What conditions and CPC findings were associated with poor responders?
- 87% clinical remission
- Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, neoplasia frequent in non-responders
- Increased disease severity, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, severe hypocobalaminemia
Chronic gingivostomatitis with esophagitis in cats. Kouki et al. JVIM 2017.
- What proportion of cats with feline chronic gingivostomatitis had gross esophagitis on endoscopy? How did salivary and esophageal lumen pH compare to control cats?
- 44/58 cats had proximal and 53/58 cats had distal esophagitis on endoscopy
- NSD in salivary or eosphageal luminal pH between FCG cats and healthy controls
Chronic gingivostomatitis with esophagitis in cats. Kouki et al. JVIM 2017.
- What proportion of biopsies from cats with FCG had inflammatory infiltrate noted within the lamina propria? Replacement of normal squamous epithelium with columnar?
- 25/25 biopsy specimens had inflammation
* 5 had columnar replacement
Association of circulating microRNA-122 and microRNA-29a with stage of fibrosis and progression of chronic hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers. Sakai et al. JVIM 2019.
- What circulating micro-RNAs were associated with grade of hepatitis and stage of fibrosis in Labrador Retrievers?
- miR-122 and miR-29a
Chronic kidney disease in cats and the risk of total hypercalcemia. Van den Broek et al. JVIM 2017
- Do cats with CKD have an increased risk of total hypercalcemia?
- Yes; HR 4.3
Chronic kidney disease in cats and the risk of total hypercalcemia. Van den Broek et al. JVIM 2017
- What were the sensitivity and specificity of total hypercalcemia to predict ionized hypercalcemia in CKD and nonazotemic cats? What factor was associated with underestimation of ionized hypercalcemia by total hypercalcemia?
- CKD: Sensitivity 28%, specificity 99.6%
- Nonazotemic: Sensitivity 9%, specificity 100%
- Lower venous bicarbonate increased the risk that total calcium would underestimate ionized calcium
Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in clinical canine patients. Papich, M.G. JVIM 2017.
- What was the recommended breakpoint for susceptibility of a bacteria to ciprofloxacin 25 mg/kg SID in dogs?
- 0.06 ug/ml;this dose of cipro had a 90% probability of attaining and AUC 100x greater than this MIC
Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in clinical canine patients. Papich, M.G. JVIM 2017.
- What concerns exist about administration of ciprofloxacin to dogs?
- High inter-individual variability in oral bioavailability (30-98%)
Clinical and serological effect of a gluten-free diet in Border Terriers with epileptoid cramping syndrome. Lowrie et al. JVIM 2015
- Proportion of Border Terriers with paroxysmal dyskinesia/epileptoid cramping positive for anti-gliadin antibodies at diagnosis? Anti-transglutaminase 2?
- 6/6 anti gliadin; 5/6 anti-transglutaminase 2
Clinical and serological effect of a gluten-free diet in Border Terriers with epileptoid cramping syndrome. Lowrie et al. JVIM 2015
- Effect of a gluten free diet on clinical signs and serology in Border Terriers with paroxysmal dyskinesia?
- 5/5 BTs that adhered to a strict gluten free diet had clinical and serological improvement
- 2/2 dogs that had gluten diet reintroduced relapsed
Clinical characteristics of adult dogs more than 5 years of age at presentation for patent ductus arteriosus. Boutet et al JVIM 2017.
- What is the typical median age at presentation for dogs with PDA?
< 6 months
Clinical characteristics of adult dogs more than 5 years of age at presentation for patent ductus arteriosus. Boutet et al JVIM 2017.
- In adult dogs diagnosed with PDA, is pulmonary hypertension a contraindication to closure? Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration?
- PH is not a contraindication as long as complete right-to-left shunting hasn’t occurred
- MMVD is not a contraindication to closure
Clinical characteristics, breed differences, and quality of life in North American dogs with acute steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis. Lau et al. JVIM 2019
- In a recent retrospective study of SRMA in dogs, what percentage had at least one relapse? What factors were associated with relapse?
- 48%
* CSF TNCC; NOT TREATMENT PROTOCOL
Clinical characteristics, breed differences, and quality of life in North American dogs with acute steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis. Lau et al. jvim 2019
What was the effect of higher doses of corticosteroids on outcome in dogs with SRMA
- Higher CS doses associated with worse quality of life and adverse effects with no improvement in outcome
Clinical evaluation of tavocept to decrease diuresis time and volume in dogs with bladder cancer receiving cisplatin. Henry et al. JVIM 2018.
Questions
- What is tavocept?
Promotes oxidation of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin, making them inactive
- TRX/GRX give cancer cells resistance to oxidative stress & apoptosisMetabolizes to mesna à binds aquated cisplatin & prevents it from entering the GGT-xenobiotic metabolism pathway
- GGT-XMP normally produces a nephrotoxic platinum thiol/mercapturic acid species
Clinical evaluation of tavocept to decrease diuresis time and volume in dogs with bladder cancer receiving cisplatin. Henry et al. JVIM 2018.
- What is the standard of care for saline diuresis time for dogs receiving cisplatin chemotherapy? Why?
- > 6 hours
- The excess chloride ions in saline prevent the cisplatin molecule from giving up all its chloride ions intracellularly and binding glutathione à GGT XMP à toxic metabolite
Clinical evaluation of tavocept to decrease diuresis time and volume in dogs with bladder cancer receiving cisplatin. Henry et al. JVIM 2018.
- How did the frequency of nephrotoxicity compare between dogs administered cisplatin for bladder cancer with a 6+ hour diuresis vs. cisplatin + tavocept & 90 min diuresis
- 21% became azotemic; significant reduction from historical controls
Clinical evaluation of tavocept to decrease diuresis time and volume in dogs with bladder cancer receiving cisplatin. Henry et al. JVIM 2018.
- Did the addition of tavocept to a cisplatin/diuresis protocol for bladder cancer in dogs have any effect on outcome?
- NSD (253 vs. 246 days)
Clinical Features and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 7 Dogs with Central Nervous System Aspergillosis. Taylor et al. JVIM 2015
- Clinical features of CNS aspergillosis in dogs?
- Only diagnosed in 7 dogs over 6 institutions…
- Med age 3 years; 6/7 were GSDs
Multifocal neurologic abnormalities, but 5/7 dogs had vestibular signs + other lesions - Part of disseminated disease in most dogs (cultured from urine often)
- MRI ranged from normal to abnormal
- Most dogs euthanized soon after diagnosis or lost to follow up; 1 treated with combo ampB, voriconazole, and terbinafine & survived at least 11 months but remained positive on EIA and ambulatory tetraparetic
Clinical features and outcome of dogs with epiglottic retroversion with or without surgical treatment: 24 cases. Skerrett et al. JVIM 2015
- Signalment of dogs with epiglottic retroversion? MST?
- Mid-aged/older, small breed, overweight spayed females
* MST 875 days
Clinical features and outcome of dogs with epiglottic retroversion with or without surgical treatment: 24 cases. Skerrett et al. JVIM 2015
- What is epiglottic retroversion? Proposed etiologies?
- Intermittent spontaneous retroflexion of the epiglottis into the rima glottidis
- Epiglottic fracture or malacia, denevaration of the hypoglossal or glossopharyngeal nerves d/t peripheral neuropathy
Secondary to other upper airway disease in 79% of cases - Elongated soft palate, trach collapse, lar sac ev, lar edema, bronchial/lar collapse, lar par
Clinical features and outcome of dogs with epiglottic retroversion with or without surgical treatment: 24 cases. Skerrett et al. JVIM 2015
- Surgical correction for epiglottic retroversion? Medical management strategies? Comparison of efficacy?
Surgery: temporary or permanent epiglottopexy, subtotal epiglottectomy
- Failure due to suture breakage/pullout is common
- Medical: cough suppressants, corticosteroids, sedatives, antibiotics
Couldn’t directly compare; only 5/24 dogs didn’t have surgical correction & most had concurrent upper airway diseases - Resp crisis incidence decreased in surgery dogs from 62.5% to 25% post-op
Clinical features of canine pulmonary veno-occlusive disease andpulmonary hemangiomatosis. Reinero et al. JVIM 2019.
Describe signalment, clinical presentation, imgaing findings, and outcome?
Signalment: older dogs (med age 11y); no breed or sex predisposition
History: acute respiratory distress (med < 3 days)
TXR: R cardiomegaly (L heart normal); patchy-diffuse interstitial-alveolar infiltrates
CT: pulmonary arterial enlargement; perivascular diffuse nodular ground glass opacity
Outcome: MST 3 days; 2/3 of dogs dead in one day
Pulmonary hypertension in all dogs tested
Clinical features of canine pulmonary veno-occlusive disease andpulmonary hemangiomatosis. Reinero et al. JVIM 2019.
Describe the histopathologic findings in the lungs of dogs with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease? Pulmonary hemangiomatosis?
Veno-occlusive: occlusive remodeling of the small-med sized pulmonary veins
Hemangiomatosis: alveolar capillary proliferation and congestion
Clinical features of canine pulmonary veno-occlusive disease andpulmonary hemangiomatosis. Reinero et al. JVIM 2019.
What are the five groups of causes of pulmonary hypertension
Group 1: pulmonary arterial diseases (veno-occlusive, hemangiomatosis)
Group 2: left heart diseases
Group 3: lung diseases/hypoxemia
Group 4: thromboembolism
Group 5: other/unclear mechanism
Clinical findings and outcome of dogs with unilateral masticatory muscle atrophy. Milodowski et al.
What were the most common underlying causes of unilateral masticatory muscle atrophy in dogs? Factors affecting outcome?
Presumptive trigeminal nerve sheath tumor most common
- No obvious abnormality > other extra-axial mass lesions
- Mass lesions were associated with likelihood of additional neuro signs & deterioration
Clinical findings and survival time in dogs with advanced heart failure. Beaumier et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the median survival time for dogs with advanced CHF? What factor significantly prolonged survival?
- MST 281 days
* Receiving > 6.7 mg/kg/d furosemide lengthened survival (402 vs 129 days)
Clinical phenotype of X-linked myotubular myopathy in Labrador Retriever puppies. Snead et al. JVIM 2015.
- Differences between X-linked myotubular myopathy vs. centronuclear myopathy?
- Defect is in the myotubularin gene
- Initial signs are similar (generalized weakness and muscle atrophy evident by 14 wks)
- XLMTM is rapidly progressive and fatal, while centronuclear myopathy is not
- XLMTM is x-linked, CM is autosomal recessive inheritance
Clinical presentation and outcome of cats with circumcaval ureters associated with a ureteral obstruction. Steinhaus et al. JVIM 2015.
- What is a circumcaval ureter?
- Embryologic malformation resulting in ventral displacement of the caudal vena cava (ureter runs dorsal to the CdVC) -> leads to ureteral stricture with chronicity
Clinical presentation and outcome of cats with circumcaval ureters associated with a ureteral obstruction. Steinhaus et al. JVIM 2015.
- Incidence of circumcaval ureters in obstructed and non-obstructed cats? Prevalence of ureteral stricture in obstructed cats with and without a circumcaval ureter?
- 17% of obstructed cats had CU; 14% of non-obstructed cats at necropsy had CU
- Strictures more common in obstructed cats with (40%) than without (17%) CU
Clinical presentation and outcome of cats with circumcaval ureters associated with a ureteral obstruction. Steinhaus et al. JVIM 2015.
- Reobstruction rate/factors in cats with ureteral obstruction and CU?
- 24% reobstruction rate
* More common in cats with stents (44%) than SUBs (8%)
Clinical presentation and outcome of cats with circumcaval ureters associated with a ureteral obstruction. Steinhaus et al. JVIM 2015.
- Reobstruction rate/factors in cats with ureteral obstruction and CU?
- 24% reobstruction rate
* More common in cats with stents (44%) than SUBs (8%)
Clinical presentation and outcome of cats with circumcaval ureters associated with a ureteral obstruction. Steinhaus et al. JVIM 2015.
- Prognosis for cats with circumcaval ureter and ureteral obstruction after decompressive intervention?
- MST 923 days for all cause; > 1400 d for renal-related mortality (NSD in non CU obstructions)
Clinical relationship between cholestatic disease and pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs: a retrospective case series. Kim et al. JVIM 2017.
- What were the differences in management features, CPC findings, and patient factors between dogs with trilostane-controlled Cushing’s disease and GB mucocele vs. cholestasis vs. normal GB?
- GBM dogs had higher incidence of abdominal distention, alopecia, and lethargy
- GBM dogs had higher pre-treatment ACTH stim cortisol & higher trilostane dose requirements (2.5x normal GB group)
- 93% of dogs in the GBM group had increased cholesterol and GGT (SD)
Clinical Risk Factors for Early Seizure Recurrence in Dogs Hospitalized for Seizure Evaluation. Kwiatkowska et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the prevalence and mean time to seizure recurrence in this population? What historical factors predicted recurrence?
- 50% prevalence; recurrence within 7 hours
- Status epilepticus, cluster seizures 72 hours before presentation; abnormal neuro exam on presentation predicted early recurrence
Clinical severity score system in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease. Lopez-Alvarez et al. JVIM 2015
- Clinical findings associated with outcome in dogs with MMVD?
- Cough, exercise intolerance, decreased appetite, difficulty breathing, syncope
- Heart murmur > III/VI
- Absence of respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Clinical utility of diagnostic laboratory tests in dogs with acute pancreatitis: A retrospective investigation in a primary care hospital. Yuki et al. JVIM 2016
- Sensitivity and specificity of the Fuji Dri-Chem lipase test for diagnosing acute pancreatitis in dogs?
- Sensitivity 100%, specificity 89.5%
Clinical utility of diagnostic laboratory tests in dogs with acute pancreatitis: A retrospective investigation in a primary care hospital. Yuki et al. JVIM 2016
- What CPC abnormality was associated with a longer hospital duration in this study?
- High ALT
Clinical, histopathologic, cystoscopic, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of proliferative urethritis in 22 dogs. Borys et al. JVIM 2019.
- In dogs with proliferative urethritis, what associations were identified (or not identified) between urine culture, tissue culture, FISH results, and type of inflammation present on histopath?
- No associations between urine/tissue culture & FISH with the type of inflammatory cell infiltrate (LP, LP-neutrophilic, neutrophilic, pleocellular all represented)
Clinical, histopathologic, cystoscopic, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of proliferative urethritis in 22 dogs. Borys et al. JVIM 2019.
- What percentage of dogs with proliferative urethritis were positive for adherent/invasive mucosal bacteria on FISH? How many FISH positive dogs had negative urine and urinary mucosal tissue culture?
- 54% of dogs with proliferative urethritis were FISH-positive
- 5/7 FISH-positive dogs had negative urine and tissue cultures
Clinicopathologic features and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 24 cats with histopathologically confirmed neurologic feline infectious peritonitis. Crawford et al. JVIM 2017
- What is the most common infectious central nervous system disease in the cat? Median survival time? CSF findings?
- Feline infectious peritonitis
- Always fatal; MST 14 days
- Marked increase in TP (med 3.6, mean 9.4 g/dL) & TNCC (mean 196/uL) in all sampled cats
Clinicopathologic features and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 24 cats with histopathologically confirmed neurologic feline infectious peritonitis. Crawford et al. JVIM 2017
- What three distinct clinical syndromes were identified in cats with CNS FIP?
- T3-L3 myelopathy
- Central vestibular syndrome
- Multifocal CNS disease
Clinicopathologic features and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 24 cats with histopathologically confirmed neurologic feline infectious peritonitis. Crawford et al. JVIM 2017
- What MRI findings were identified in cats with CNS FIP?
- Meningeal & ependymal contrast enhancement
- Ventriculomegaly
- Syringomyelia
- Foramen magnum herniation
Co-infections with respiratory viruses in dogs with bacterial pneumonia. Vitanen et al. JVIM 2015.
What respiratory viral co-infections were identified in dogs with opportunistic bacterial pneumonia? In dogs with Bordetella bronchiseptica tracheobronchitis?
- Canine parainfluenza virus (7/20 dogs with opportunistic BP)
- Canine respiratory coronavirus (1/20 dogs with opportunistic BP)
No dogs with B. bronch had viral co-infections
Co-infections with respiratory viruses in dogs with bacterial pneumonia. Vitanen et al. JVIM 2015.
- What percentage of dogs infected with canine parainfluenza virus had been vaccinated for this agent within the last 12 months?
- 100%
Co-infections with respiratory viruses in dogs with bacterial pneumonia. Vitanen et al. JVIM 2015.
- What bacterial isolates were found in dogs with opportunistic bacterial pneumonia (& their characteristics)
Pasteurella (G- coccobacillus, facultative anaerobe)
E. coli (G- rod, facultative anaerobe)
Streptococcus (G+ facultative aerobe in most cases)
Hemophilus (G- coccobacillus, facultative anaerobe)
Mycoplasma (no cell wall, facultative anaerobic)
Nocardia (acid-fast, weakly G+ filamentous rod, aerobic, might produce sulfur granules)
Actinomyces (non-acid-fast, G+ filamentous rod, anaerobic, likely to produce sulfur granules)
Co-infections with respiratory viruses in dogs with bacterial pneumonia. Vitanen et al. JVIM 2015.
- Differences in BALF cytology results between dogs with bacterial pneumonia with vs. without respiratory viral coinfections?
- NSD in cell percentages or total cell count; 65% neutrophils
Cognitive function, progression of age-related behavioral changes, biomarkers, and survival in dogs more than 8 years old. Schutt et al. JVIM 2015
Questions
- Clinical characteristics of canine cognitive dysfunction? Effect on survival? Possible plasma biomarker?
- Signs: aimless wandering, anxiety, difficulty finding dropped food, staring into space, avoiding pets
- Progressive in 24 months in 55% of dogs
- Diagnosis of CCD did not affect survival
- Plasma A beta 42 increased in the CCD group; NSD in systemic inflammatory markers (IL 2, 6, 8, TNFa)
Cohort Study of the Success of Controlled Weight Loss Programs for Obese Dogs. German et al. JVIM 2015
- What percentage of dogs in a veterinary nutritionist weight loss program successfully completed the program? Factors positively and negatively associated with success?
- 61% success
- Negatives: dirlotapide use (intestinal triglyceride transport inhibitor), starting body fat
- Positives: faster rate, longer duration of weight loss program, feeding dry weight management diet
Coleman et al. JVIM 2019. Safety and efficacy of orally-administered telmisartan for the treatment of systemic hypertension in cats: results of a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.
What was the effect of administration of 1.5 mg/kg PO BID x 14 days, then 2 mg/kg PO SID telmisartan on SBP in hypertensive cats at day 28? After 6 months?
Mean decrease of 23 mmHg in treated cats at day 28; maintained over 6 months
53% responders at day 28 (SBP < 150 or 15% decrease from baseline); 63% at 6 months
Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction tests for detection of feline immunodeficiency virus. Nichols et al. JVIM 2017.
- What level of agreement was identified between POC ELISA FIV tests and PCR (whole blood)?
- All 4 cases where ELISA was – and PCR +, PCR was false + (virus isolation gold std)
- In 7 cases where ELISA+, PCR-, 5/7 were ELISA false +
Comparative Assessment of the Accuracy of Cytological and Histologic Biopsies in the Diagnosis of Canine Bone Lesions. Sabattini et al. JVIM 2017.
- How did the accuracy of cytology and histopathology compare in the diagnosis of canine bone lesions?
- Accuracy similar, including for determination of tumor type (about 83% accurate)
- No benign lesion was misclassified as malingnant on cytology
Comparative evaluation of a novel, moderately hypofractionated radiation protocol in 56 dogs with symptomatic intracranial neoplasia. Schwarz et al. JVIM 2018.
- How did progression free survival and overall survival 20 x 2.5 Gy compare with 10 x 4 Gy radiation therapy protocols compare in the treatment of dogs with primary symptomatic brain tumors?
- NSD in progression free survival (608 vs. 863 d)
* NSD in overall survival (610 vs. 796 d)
Comparison between urine protein : creatinine ratios of samples obtained from dogs in home and hospital settings. Duffy et al. JVIM 2015
- Were home or hospital-acquired samples higher for UPC in dogs?
- Hospital samples were higher
Comparison of 3 handling techniques for endoscopically obtained gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens: A prospective study in dogs and cats. Ruiz et al. JVIM 2016
- What handling technique produced fewer artifacts for endoscopic gastric and intestinal biopsies in dogs and cats?
- Mounted on moisturized synthetic sponge > cucumber slice, free in formalin
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopic 3 mm and 5 mm cup biopsies to wedge biopsies of canine livers. Kimbrell et al. JVIM 2018.
- What percentage of liver biopsy specimens taken with a 3 mm laparoscopic cup biopsy forceps and 5 mm laparoscopic cup biopsy forceps agreed with wedge biopsy histopath diagnosis?
- 67% and 69%, not significantly different
Comparison of efficacy of long-term oral treatment with telmisartan and benazepril in cats with chronic kidney disease. Sent et al. JVIM 2015
- Comparison of 180 days of telmisartan and benazepril efficacy at lowering UPC in cats with CKD?
- Telmisartan “noninferior”, almost superior to benazepril
* Decrease in UPC with telmisartan small but significant; decrease with benazepril not significant
Comparison of intestinal expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter between dogs with and without chronic inflammatory enteropathy. Giaretta et al. JVIM 2018.
- How did expression of the apical sodium dependent bile-acid transporter differ in the small and large intestine of dogs with CIE vs. healthy controls?
CIE dogs had decreased ileal expression of the ASBT vs. controls
- Correlated negatively with histopath scores
Comparison of intestinal expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter between dogs with and without chronic inflammatory enteropathy. Giaretta et al. JVIM 2018.
- How did the percentage of fecal primary bile acids differ in dogs with CIE vs. controls? The dysbiosis index?
- Increased percentage of fecal primary bile acids in CIE dogs
- Higher dysbiosis index in dogs with CIE vs. controls
Comparison of Multiplate, platelet function analyzer 200, and Plateletworks in healthy dogs treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. Saati et al. JVIM 2018.
- Using a strict cutoff of > 50% decrease in baseline for MP and PW and > 300s for PFA, what platelet function test with what agonists detected all responders?
- Aspirin 1mg/kg: PW AA
- Clopidogrel 2 mg/kg: PW AA; PFA P2Y; MP ADP
- Combo: MP ADP, PFA P2Y, PW AA, and PW ADP
Comparison of Multiplate, platelet function analyzer 200, and Plateletworks in healthy dogs treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. Saati et al. JVIM 2018.
- What percentage of deaths from IMHA in dogs are thought to be the result of thromboembolism?
- 80%
Comparison of serum Spec fPL and 1,2-DGGR ester assay in 60 cats using standardized assessment of pancreatic histology. Oppliger et al. JVIM 2016
- What percentage of cats euthanized for “a variety of reasons” at a tertiary veterinary hospital had nodular pancreatic hyperplasia on post-mortem? Lymphocytic inflammation? Neutrophilic? Fibrosis?
- Nodular hyperplasia: 95%
- Lymphocytic inflammation: 93%
- Fibrosis: 62%
- Neutrophilic inflammation: 18%
Comparison of serum Spec fPL and 1,2-DGGR ester assay in 60 cats using standardized assessment of pancreatic histology. Oppliger et al. JVIM 2016
- What were the sensitivity and specificity of the Spec fPLI and DGGR assays using pancreatic histopathology as the gold standard? How do they change if up to 10% lymphocytic inflammation is considered normal?
DGGR: sens 37%, spec 100%
- If 10% lymphocytic inflammation is normal: sens 67%, spec 79%Spec fPLI: sens 42%, spec 100%
- If 10% lymphocytic inflammation is normal: sens 61%, spec 55%
Comparison of single, averaged, and pooled urine protein:creatinine ratios in proteinuric dogs undergoing medical treatment. Shropshire et al. JVIM 2018.
Questions
How did single, average, and pooled UPC values compare for dogs with UPC < 4? > 4? Were this differences clinically significant?
- Strong correlations (r > 0.95) for single vs. average and pooled in both UPC groups
UPC < 4: single could be approximately 0.4 below or 0.8 above pooled/average - UPC > 4: single could be 0.2-0.4 below or 2.2-2.4 above pooled/average
As long as you use a change of 80% for UPC < 4 and 35% for UPC > 4, these are not clinically significant
Comparison of surgical and conservative treatment of hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion in dogs. Nessler et al. JVIM 2018.
- How did the outcome of medical vs. surgical management of hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion in dogs compare when evaluated retrospectively?
- Median time to regain ambulation was similar between management groups (6.6 vs. 5.9 days, not significant)
Comparison of the mitral valve morphologies of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and dogs of other breeds using 3D transthoracic echocardiography. Menciotti et al. JVIM 2018.
- What differences in mitral valve morphologies were noted in CKCS vs other dog breeds using 3D echo?
- Flatter mitral valve with less tenting in CKCS vs. other breeds
Comparison of two melphalan protocols and evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma in dogs. Fernandez et al. JVIM 2018.
- Negative prognostic indicators for MM in dogs?
- Hypercalcemia, osteolytic lesions, Bence-Jones proteinuria
Comparison of two melphalan protocols and evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma in dogs. Fernandez et al. JVIM 2018.
- What were the pulse vs. daily protocols used to treat canine multiple myeloma? Adverse events? How did their outcomes compare?
- Daily: 0.1 mg/kg/d x 10 days, then 0.05 mg/kg/d
- Pulse: 7 mg/m2/d x 5 days every 21 days
- AE: thrombocytopenia most common which did not result in dose reductions, delays, or discontinuation; mild neutropenia and anemia also common
- Overall MST 930 days; no significant difference between protocols
Complication Rates Associated with Transvenous Pacemaker Implantation in Dogs with High-Grade Atrioventricular Block Performed During versus After Normal Business Hours. Ward et al. JVIM 2015
- Did performing pacemaker placement during or after hours affect complication rates in dogs with high-grade AV block?
Yes; 28% complication rate after hours vs. 9% during
- All infectious complications occurred after hours
- No effect on median survival time
Complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy in dogs and cats receiving corticosteroid treatment. Aguiar et al. JVIM 2016.
- What differences in complication risk were identified in dogs who received PEG tubes that were on steroids vs. those that weren’t?
- NSD in overall complication rate (57% control, 78% steroid)
Steroid group more likely to have a major complication (18% control, 43% steroid) - Purulent stoma discharge, tube dislodgement, chewing tube at stoma
- NSD in infection rate (17% overall) or dislodgement rate (12% overall)
Computed tomographic angiography of the pancreas in cats with chronic diabetes mellitus compared to normal cats. Secrest et al. JVIM 2018.
- What changes in pancreatic size and CT appearance/enhancement were noted in cats with diabetes mellitus for > 1 year vs. healthy cats?
- DM:larger, higher volume and volume normalized to body weight, shorter time to peak portal enhancement on CTA
Computed tomographic angiography under sedation in the diagnosis of suspected canine pancreatitis: A pilot study. Adrian et al. JVIM 2015.
- How did CT-angiography compare with AUS in identification of acute pancreatitis in dogs?
- CT identified more pancreatic abnormalities that AUS in dogs
- Heterogeneous contrast enhancement -> poor outcome vs. homogeneous
Computed tomographic angiography under sedation in the diagnosis of suspected canine pancreatitis: A pilot study. Adrian et al. JVIM 2015.
- How did CT-angiography compare with AUS in identification of acute pancreatitis in dogs?
- CT identified more pancreatic abnormalities that AUS in dogs
- CT identified portal vein thrombi, all of which were missed on ultrasound
- Heterogeneous contrast enhancement -> poor outcome vs. homogeneous
Computed tomographic appearance of abdominal lymph nodes in heatlhy cats. Perlini et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the utility of abdominal CT for identification of abdominal lymph nodes in healthy cats? What associations were found between signalment variables and size?
- Cd mesenteric, colic, hepatic, inguinal, pancreaticoduodenal LN identified in all cats
- Negative correlation b/w age and length, width
Concurrent pituitary and adrenocortical lesions on computed tomography imaging in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism. Van Bokhorst et al. JVIM 2019.
- What percentage of dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism (HAC) had lesions on both the pituitary and adrenal glands? What percentage of dexamethasone resistant dogs?
- 5% of dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism
* 10% of non-suppressible dogs had concurrent pituitary and adrenocortical lesions
Consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Acierno et al. JVIM 2018.
- What additional tests should be performed/considered in any dog or cat diagnosed with hypertension?
- CBC/chem/UA, SDMA, UPC, +/- urinary, adrenal ultrasound, +/- GFR measurement
- Cats: serum thyroxine
- Dogs: adrenal function testing
- Consider serum & urine aldosterone & catecholamine concentrations
Consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Acierno et al. JVIM 2018.
- What should prompt a clinician to evaluate BP in a dog or cat
Target organ damage
Hypertensive retinopathy
- Detachment, hemorrhage, edema, vessel tortuosity
Hypertensive encephalopathy
- Seizures, vestibular signs, ataxia, altered mentation/behavior
- Cardiac: gallop sound, arrhythmia, systolic heart murmur
- Renal disease/proteinuriaConditions, meds, toxins associated with hypertension
- Conditions: Cushing’s, renal disease, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, adrenal tumor
- Meds: GCs, mineralocorticoids, Proin, EPO, ephedrine/phenylephrine
- Toxins: Cocaine, meth, 5-hydroxytryptophan
Consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Acierno et al. JVIM 2018.
Why are calcium channel blockers avoided as sole anti-hypertensive agents in dogs?
- Preferential dilation of the afferent arteriole à glomerular hypertension
Consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. Acierno et al. JVIM 2018.
- What are the goals and management strategies for a hypertensive emergency (markedly increased BP with ongoing acute (TOD)
- Goal: 10% reduction of BP in first hour; additional 15% reduction in next few hours
Management options in dogs - Fenoldopam (D1 antagonist) 0.1 ug/kg/min CRI titrated 0.1 q15 min
- Labetolol, hydralazine, nitroprusside
- PO options if no TOD: hydralazine, amlodipine
CONSENSUS: Seizure management in dogs. Podell et al. JVIM 2016
- When should anti-epileptic drug treatment be started? Which drugs have good evidence for use as first-line agents?
- No benefit to starting treatment after a single unprovoked seizure event
- BUT if recurrent seizures are going to happen, earlier treatment -> better control
Initiate if: - Identifiable brain lesions or history of brain disease or injury
Status (ictal > 5 mins) or > 3 generalized seizures in 24 hours - 2 or more seizures in 6 months
- Prolonged, severe, or unusual post-ictal periods
CONSENSUS: Seizure management in dogs. Podell et al. JVIM 2016
- Which anti-epileptic drugs require therapeutic drug monitoring? What side effects are possible?
Phenobarbital: 2 & 6 weeks after starting or 2 wks after dose change, then q 6 months
- Hepatotoxicity, idiosyncratic blood dyscrasias, necrolytic dermatitisKBr: 1 and 3 months after starting or 1 month after dose change, then q 12 months
- Pancreatitis, sedation, ataxiaZonisamide: 2 & 3 months or 2 weeks after dose change, then q 6 months
- Idiosyncratic renal tubular acidosis and hepatic disease
- Will also lower TT4 (no effect on FT4 & TSH)
CONSENSUS: Seizure management in dogs. Podell et al. JVIM 2016
- Which drugs are affected by concurrent administration with phenobarbital? By what mechanism?
- Levetiracetam & zonisamide -> increased clearance & lower plasma concentrations
- Induction of hepatic CYP3A4 -> faster metabolism of pheno, levet, zonisamide
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination for the assessment of renal perfusion in cats with CKD. Stock et al. JVIM 2018.
- What differences in time to peak and mean transit times were identified on contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the renal cortex and medulla of cats with CKD vs. healthy controls?
- Cortex: longer time to peak, shorter mean transit times consistent with increased vascular resistance
- Medulla: shorter time to peak and rise times consistent with increased blood velocity
Contreras et al. JVIM 2019. Evaluation of liposome toll-like receptor ligand complexes for non-specific mucosal immunoprotection from feline herpesvirus-1 infection.
What was the effect of liposome toll-like receptor ligand complexes administered nasally & oropharyngeally to kittens prior to FHV-1 inoculation on clinical signs? DNA shedding?
Decreased conjunctivitis throughout study period
Increased respiratory scores (mainly from nasal discharge) days 15-28
Decreased DNA shedding with time
Covey et al. JVIM 2019. Changes in thyroid and renal function after bilateral thyroidectomy in cats.
When performed by a primary care physician, what were the percentages of cats that were hypothyroid, euthyroid, or persistently hyperthyroid within 6 months after bilateral thyroidectomy?
22% hyperthyroid
29% euthyroid
49% hypothyroid
Covey et al. JVIM 2019. Changes in thyroid and renal function after bilateral thyroidectomy in cats.
In cats that were euthyroid or hypothyroid within 6 months of bilateral thyroidectomy, what percentage of cats remained hypothyroid with long-term follow up? What percentage became recurrently hyperthyroid?
17% remained hypothyroid long-term
44% developed recurrent hyperthyroidism
Covey et al. JVIM 2019. Changes in thyroid and renal function after bilateral thyroidectomy in cats.
What was the relationship between SDMA and sCr in cats with hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroid cats had higher SDMA relative to creatinine
Cytological findings of 140 bile samples from dogs and cats and associated clinical pathological data. Peters et al. JVIM 2016
- What percentage of dogs that underwent cholecystocentesis had positive culture results? Inflammation on cytology? Cats? What diagnostic test result correlated with the presence of microorganisms and inflammatory cells in bile?
- Dogs: 30% culture positive, 5% had inflammatory cytology
- Cats: 22% culture positive 19% had inflammatory cytology
Increased canine pancreatic lipase
Cytological findings of 140 bile samples from dogs and cats and associated clinical pathological data. Peters et al. JVIM 2016
- How did cytology and culture compare for detection of the presence of microorganisms in the bile of dogs and cats?
- Cytology detected microorganisms more often than culture (24% vs 21%)
Cytological findings of 140 bile samples from dogs and cats and associated clinical pathological data. Peters et al. JVIM 2016
- Most common bacterial isolates from the bile of dogs and cats?
E coli, Enterococcus (15% and 7%)
Cytological findings of 140 bile samples from dogs and cats and associated clinical pathological data. Peters et al. JVIM 2016
- What proportion of animals that had cholecystocentesis experienced clinically relevant complications?
- 2/134; both dogs; bile peritonitis in both
Daily oral cobalamin supplementation in Beagles with hereditary cobalamin malabsorption (imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome) maintains normal clinical and cellular cobalamin status. Kook, Hersberger. JVIM 2019
What medication was found to maintain normal clinical and cellular cobalamin status in dgos with Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome?
Do serum cobalamin concentrations normalize with supplementation?
1 mg oral cyanocobalamin daily
Serum cobalamin doesn’t improve but clinical signs do; may indicate that there’s enough cobalamin intracellularly to do the job
Must be passive transport of cyanocobalamin across the GI wall
Daily oral cobalamin supplementation in Beagles with hereditary cobalamin malabsorption (imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome) maintains normal clinical and cellular cobalamin status. Kook, Hersberger. JVIM 2019
What biologic processes are metabolites of cobalamin essential for that relate to measurement of cobalamin status in dogs?
Cobalamin is a cofactor for enzymes that convert methylmalonyl-COA to succinyl-COA and remethylate homocysteine
Cobalamin deficiency leads to buildup of methylmalomic acid, homocysteine
Degenerative valvular disease in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: Results of the UK Breed Scheme 1991-2010. Swift et al. JVIM 2017.
- Were GPs or cardiologists able to detect murmurs at a younger age in CKCS? Did sex play a role?
- Cardiologists detected murmurs at a younger age (7 vs. 8 years)
- GPs detected more murmurs in female dogs with time, but not in male dogs
Demographic characteristics, survival and prognostic factors for mortality in cats with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Swann et al. JVIM 2016
- Signalment predilections for development of primary IMHA in cats? Positive and negative prognostic indicators?
- Cats aged 2-5.9 y predisposed; no breed or sex predilection
- NPI: higher total bilirubin, age
- PPI: higher lymphocyte count and globulins
Demographic risk factors for lymphoma in Australian dogs: 6201 cases. Bennett et al. JVIM 2018.
- What signalment factors were associated with an increased risk of lymphoma?
- Breed, male sex, neutered status
Desoxycorticosterone pivalate duration of action and individualized dosing intervals in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. Jaffey et al. JVIM 2017.
- What was the median and range for the individualized dosing interval for DOCP in dogs with naïve Addison’s disease? With previously treated Addison’s? Median dosing interval 3 months after establishing the interval?
- Naïve: Med 62 days (32-94)
- Previously-treated: Med 67 days (41-124)
- Med after 3 months: 58 days (38-90)
Desoxycorticosterone pivalate duration of action and individualized dosing intervals in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. Jaffey et al. JVIM 2017.
- What baseline variables were significantly associated with DOCP duration of action?
- No variable was significantly associated
* Variables assessed: age, weight, DOCP & pred dose, duration of treatment prior to starting IDI
Desoxycorticosterone pivalate duration of action and individualized dosing intervals in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. Jaffey et al. JVIM 2017.
- What determined the individualized dosing interval for DOCP in this study?
- Time from DOCP administration to development of electrolyte abnormalities – 7 days
Desoxycorticosterone pivalate duration of action and individualized dosing intervals in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. Jaffey et al. JVIM 2017.
- What was the median total savings per year for dogs on the IDI vs. traditional DOCP dosing interval?
- 57.5% cheaper for IDI
Detection and seroprevalence of morbillivirus and other paramyxoviruses in geriatric cats with and without evidence of azotemic chronic kidney disease. McCallum et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the association between morbillivirus and other paramyxovirus infection in cats with azotemia?
- No association b/w viral infection and azotemic CKD; unlikely that morbilliviruses are associated with CKD development in cats
Determining optimal therapy of dogs with chronic enteropathy by measurement of serum citrulline. Gerou-Ferriani et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the clinical utility of serum citrulline concentrations to distinguish ARE, FRE, and SRE in dogs with CE? Could it distinguish CE dogs from healthy controls?
- Couldn’t do it.
Development of a multivariate predictive model to estimate ionized calcium concentration from serum biochemical profile results in dogs. Danner et al. JVIM 2017.
- What factors were included in the final predictive model for ionized calcium in dogs?
Creatinine, albumin, tCa, phosphorus, Na, K, Cl, ALP, age
- tCa, albumin, chloride had highest impact
Development of a multivariate predictive model to estimate ionized calcium concentration from serum biochemical profile results in dogs. Danner et al. JVIM 2017.
- What were the sensitivity and specificity of the predictive model for ionized hyper and hypocalcemia in dogs? How did they compare to sensitivity & specificity of tCa by itself?
Hypercalcemia: sensitivity 64%, specificity 99.6%
- As sensitive, more specific than tCaHypocalcemia: sensitivity 22%, specificity 98%
- More sensitive and as specific as tCa
Development of an estimated glomerular filtration rate formula in cats. Finch et al. JVIM 2018.
- What parameters were used in a proposed formula for estimated GFR in cats? How well did the eGFR formula agree with GFR as assessed by iohexol clearance?
- 1/creatinine, pelvic circumference
* Poor agreement b/w eGFR and GFR in cats
Clinical characteristics, breed differences, and quality of life in North American dogs with acute steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis. Lau et al. jvim 2019
- In a recent retrospective study of SRMA in dogs, what were the five most represented breeds?
- Golden retrievers, Bernese Mtn dogs, Wirehaired pointing griffons, Boxers, and Beagles
Diagnostic utility of cardiac troponin I in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hori et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the sensitivity and specificity of a cTnI > 0.234 for assessing heart failure in cats with HCM?
- 95% sensitive, 78% specific
Diagnostic utility of cardiac troponin I in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hori et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the sensitivity and specificity of a cTnI > 0.162 for differentiating normal cats from asymptomatic HCM cats w/o LA enlargement?
- 62% sensitive, 100% specific
Diagnostic value of right pulmonary artery distensibility index in dogs with pulmonary hypertension: Comparison with Doppler echo estimates of pulmonary arterial pressure. Visser et al. JVIM 2016.
What was the sensitivity and specificity of the right pulmonary artery distensibility index to detect dogs with moderate or severe pulmonary hypertension (TR pressure gradient > 50 mmHg)
Sensitivity 84%; specificity 95%
Dietary management of Labrador Retrievers with Subclinical Hepatic Copper Accumulation. Fieten et al. JVIM 2015.
- Response of hepatic copper concentrations to dietary copper restriction/zinc supplementation in Labs with subclinical hepatic copper accumulation?
- 15/28 dogs responded; mean Cu concentrations decreased from 710 to 343 after 7 months
- Non-responders were more likely to come from severely-affected pedigrees -> genetic factors?
Difference between a nonsense and missense genetic mutation?
Nonsense: premature stop codon
Missense: amino acid change
Differences in epidural pathology between cervical and thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusions in dogs. Zuger et al. JVIM 2018.
- What clinical differences were identified between dogs with cervical vs. thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusions? What histopath differences?
- Clinical: cervical more painful and had longer duration (but less severe) neuro signs; cervical had a better outcome
- Histopath: Cervical epidural material less calcified & less inflammatory infiltrate
Differentiation of cardiac from noncardiac pleural effusions in cats using second-generation quantitative and point-of-care NT-proBNP measurements. Hezzell et al. JVIM 2016
How did second generation quantitative plasma and pleural fluid ELISA and POC NT-proBNP assays perform in distinguishing cardiac from non-cardiac pleural effusions in cats?
Plasma: ELISA sens 95%, spec 82%; POC sens 95%, spec 88%
ELISA cutoff >199 pmol/L
Pleural fluid ELISA sens 100%, spec 77%; POC sens 100%, spec 65%
ELISA cutoff > 240 pmol/L
Disposition of extended-release levetiracetam in normal healthy dogs after single oral dosing. Beasley et al. JVIM 2015.
- Will XR levetiracetam maintain serum concentrations above recommended concentrations for seizure management?
- Yes (30 mg/kg PO BID)
Downregulation of CXCR4 Expression and Functionality After Zoledronate Exposure in Canine Osteosarcoma. Byrum et al. JVIM 2016
- What percentage of canine osteosarcoma cells express CXCR4? What was the effect of zolendronate on CXCR4 expression?
- 100% of OS cells expressed CXCR4
- Treatment of dogs with OS reduced CXCR4 expression by 40% in the primary tumor; decreased circulating CXCR4 in 18/20 dogs
Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular size and function in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Visser et al. JVIM 2017.
- Were differences noted in right ventricular size and systolic function in cats with CHF + HCM? In cats with asymptomatic HCM?
- Right heart size (R atrial diameter, RV free wall thickness, RVID) increased in CHF + HCM vs controls
- RV function (RV fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) decreased in CHF + HCM
- In subclinical HCM, only RVFWd was significantly higher than controls (29% higher than RR)
Echocardiographic evaluation of the right atrial area index in dogs with pulmonary hypertension. Vezzosi et al. JVIM 2018
- What pulmonary arterial pressure ranges distinguish mild, moderate, and severe pulmonary hypertension?
- Mild: 36-50 mmHg
- Moderate: 51-75 mmHg
- Severe: > 75 mmHg
Echocardiographic evaluation of the right atrial area index in dogs with pulmonary hypertension. Vezzosi et al. JVIM 2018
What were the sensitivity and specificity of the area of the right atrium indexed to body surface area (RAA index) > 12.3 cm2/m2 for detection of R-CHF? What was the only determinant of the RAA index in dogs with PAH?
- Sensitivity 100%; specificity 89.5% for R-CHF
* Severity of tricuspid regurgitation was the only independent predictor of RAA index in dogs with PAH
Echocardiographic evaluation of the right atrial area index in dogs with pulmonary hypertension. Vezzosi et al. JVIM 2018
- What differences were identified in the RAA index between dogs with different severities of pulmonary arterial hypertension?
- Dogs with severe or moderate PAH had higher RAA index vs. mild PAH & controls (lots of overlap)
Echocardiographic evaluation of the right ventricular dimension and systolic function in dogs with pulmonary hypertension. Vezzosi et al. JVIM 2018
- What echocardiographic right ventricular measurement was able to predict right CHF in dogs with pulmonary hypertension?
- Right ventricular end diastolic area index
Effect of a limited iodine diet on iodine uptake by thyroid glands in hyperthyroid cats. Scott-Moncrief et al. JVIM 2015
Effect of limited iodine diet on TT4, fT4, and body weight in hyperthyroid cats?
- TT4, fT4 decreased into the reference range in all 8 cats by 8-16 weeks; NSD in body weight
Effect of a pheromone on stress-associated reactivation of feline herpesvirus-1 in experimentally inoculated kittens. Contreras et al. JVIM 2018.
- What disease- and stress-related markers were different in kittens with FHV-1 in pheromone-treated rooms vs. placebo?
- Pheromone kittens had less frequent sneezing in both individual and group housing
- Pheromone kittens were more frequently sleeping at the end of the observation period in both individual and group housing
Effect of body position, exercise, and sedation on estimation of pulmonary artery pressure in dogs with degenerative AV valve disease. Rhinehart et al. JVIM 2017
- What was the effect of sedation, recumbency vs. standing, and exercise on estimation of pulmonary arterial pressure in dogs with AV valve disease?
- No significant effect of study period on echo-estimated pulmonary vascular resistance
- Significant increase in tricuspid regurgitant flow velocity after sedation (78% of dogs)
Effect of breed on plasma endothelin-1 concentration, plasma renin activity, and serum cortisol concentration in healthy dogs. Hoglund et al. JVIM 2016.
- What breeds had the highest and loweset ET-1 and serum cortisol concentrations? Plasma renin activity?
- ET-1: Newfies highest @ 3x CKCS, Dobermans, Dachshunds
- Cortisol: Finnish Laphunds highest @ 3x Boxers
- PRA: Dachshunds, 2x Newfies & Boxers
Effect of Chronic Administration of Phenobarbital, or Bromide, on Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in Dogs with Epilepsy. Munana et al. JVIM 2015.
- Effect of phenobarbital or phenobarbital + KBr administration on the PK of levetiracetam in dogs?
- PB administration increases the clearance of levetiracetam
* KBR administration did not increase levetiracetam clearance
Effect of common storage temperatures and container types on urine protein : creatinine ratios in urine samples of proteinuric dogs. Moyle et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the effect of storage temperature and container type on UPC values in proteinuric dogs?
- Slight inconsistent statistically, but no clinically relevant effect
- Samples can be stored in glass, homopolymer polypropylene, and propylene copolymer at 24C for 4 hours, 4C for 12 hours, and -20C for 72 hours after centrifugation without relevant decreases
Effect of cranberry extract on the frequency of bacteriuria in dogs with acute thoracolumbar disk herniation: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Olby et al. JVIM 2017.
- Was there a benefit of administration of cranberry extract to dogs with acute thoracolumbar disk herniation in preventing bacteriuria?
No; no difference in bacteriuria incidence or E. coli incidence
- No difference in anti-adhesion activity between groups, but dogs with anti-adhesion activity had significantly fewer positive E. coli cultures
Effect of cross-match on packed cell volume after transfusion of packed red blood cells in transfusion naïve anemic cats. Sylvane et al JVIM 2018.
- What differences in the change in PCV from baseline were noted in cats that received cross-matched blood transfusions vs. those that weren’t cross matched? Differences in transfusion reaction incidence?
- No difference in transfusion reaction incidence
* No difference in mean change in PCV up to 24 hours post-transfusion
Effect of fenoldopam continuous infusion on glomerular filtration rate and fractional excretion of sodium in healthy dogs. Kelly et al. JVIM 2016.
- What effect did fenoldopam 0.8 ug/kg/min x 5 hours have on GFR and FeNa in healthy dogs?
- Significant increase in GFR (3.33 ml/kg/min vs. 2.71 ml/kg/min)
- Significant increase in FeNa vs. D5W
Effect of insulin treatment on circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 and IGF-binding proteins in cats with diabetes mellitus. Strage et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the ability of IGF-1 levels to predict diabetic remission in cats? How did this compare to glucose, fructosamine, and insulin levels?
- IGF-1 2-4 weeks after starting insulin treatment predicted remission
Effect of insulin treatment on circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 and IGF-binding proteins in cats with diabetes mellitus. Strage et al. JVIM 2018.
- What were the implications from this study for the current IGF-1 cutoff for diagnosis of acromegaly in cats?
- Current cutoff is > 1000 mg/ml
- 33% of the cats had IGF above this level at some point in the study (3 cats)
- 5/8 cats went into remission, 2/8 weren’t insulin resistant, and one had necropsy with no findings of acromegaly
Effect of interleukin-1beta on occluding mRNA expression in the duodenal and colonic mucosa of dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. Ogawa et al. JVIM 2018.
- What changes in interleukin expression differed in the colonic mucosa of dogs with IBD? What effect did this have on mucosal function? Was this finding present in the duodenum?
- Increased ratio of IL-1B to IL-1 receptor antagonist –>inflammatory
- Decreased mRNA for occludin (tight junction protein) in colonic mucosa of IBD dogs
- IL1B:IL1RA not evaluated in this study; occludin difference not significant in the duodenum
Effect of intravenous or perivascular injection of synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone on stimulation test results in dogs. Johnson et al. JVIM 2017
- What was the effect on perivascular vs. IV injection of synthetic ACTH on ACTH stimulated cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs? Dogs with trilostane-treated HAC?
- NSD in post-ACTH injection IV vs. PV in either healthy or trilostane-treated HAC dogs
Effect of laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy on gastrointestinal transit time in dogs. Balsa et al. JVIM 2017.
- What effect did lap-assisted gastropexy have on gastric emptying time (GET), small and large bowel transit time (SLBTT) and whole-gut transit time (TTT) in healthy large breed dogs as assessed by wireless motility capsule?
- NSD in GET, SLBTT, and TTT before and after lap-assisted gastropexy
Effect of ovariohysterectomy at the time of tumor removal in dogs with mammary carcinomas: A randomized controlled trial. Kristiansen et al. JVIM 2016
- What subset of dogs with mammary carcinoma is likely to benefit from OHE at time of surgery?
- Dogs with grade 2, estrogen-receptor positive tumors
* Dogs with increased peri-surgical serum estradiol concentration
Effect of prophylactic calcitriol administration on serum ionized calcium concentartions after parathyroidectomy: 78 cases (2005-2015). Armstrong et al. JVIM 2018.
- Was prophylactic calcitriol administration starting the day after surgery associated with a decreased risk of postoperative ionized hypocalcemia in dogs undergoing parathyroidectomy?
- No; no association between postop iCa or its rate of decrease
- No protective value to prevent hypocalcemia in the 48 h post-op period
Effect of prophylactic calcitriol administration on serum ionized calcium concentartions after parathyroidectomy: 78 cases (2005-2015). Armstrong et al. JVIM 2018.
- What pre-operative factor was positively associated with post-op ionized calcium levels after parathyroidectomy in dogs?
- Pre-operative ionized hypercalcemia was strongly positively associated
Effect of screening abdominal ultrasound examination on the decision to pursue advanced diagnostic tests and treatment in dogs with neurologic disease. Tong et al. JVIM 2015
- What percentage of dogs did not have advanced diagnostics performed for neurologic disease because of the results of screening AUS? Recommendation?
- 1.3%
* Low-yield diagnostic test in young dogs, dachshunds; case by case basis
Effect of sucralfate on gastric permeability in an ex vivo model of stress‐related mucosal disease in dogs. Hill et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the effect of sucralfate administration concurrently with and after acid injury to ex-vivo canine gastric mucosa?
- Accelerated recovery of barrier function
Effect of sucralfate on relative bioavailability of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in healthy fed dogs. KuKanich et al. JVIM 2016
- Effect of concurrent sucralfate administration on the oral bioavailability of enrofloxacin? Ciprofloxacin?
- NSD on enrofloxacin bioavailability
Overall bioavailability of cipro much more variable than enro; concurrent sucralfate administration decreased bioavailability to 48% of baseline - Delayed sucralfate administration by 2 hours à 87% bioavailability
Effect of synthetic colloid administration on coagulation in healthy dogs and dogs with systemic inflammation. Gauthier et al. JVIM 2015.
- Effects of a tetrastarch bolus compared to saline bolus (40 ml/kg) in dogs? Did experimentally-induced systemic inflammation affect the results?
- No difference between dogs with systemic inflammation and w/o
- Tetrastarch -> decreased platelet count, R, MA, vWF Ag, vWF collagen binding activity; increased K and LY30, aPTT
Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue exenatide extended release in cats with newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Riederer et al JVIM 2016
- What was the effect of administration of exenatide ER SC once weekly on diabetic remission rates & achievement of good diabetic control in cats newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus? On body weight?
- NSD, but higher remission rates (40% vs. 20%) and good control % (89% vs 58%) in exenatide group
- Placebo cats had significant weight gain; exenatide group did not
Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue exenatide extended release in cats with newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Riederer et al JVIM 2016
- Mechanism of exenatide?
Incretin hormone à increased glucose-dependent insulin release in response to food
- Also induce satiation, slow gastric emptying, inhibit glucagon, promote weight loss
- Exenatide is glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue; “gliptins” reduce degradation of endogenous GLP-1
Effects of 0.5% Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution on Heart Rate and Selected Echocardiographic Indices in Apparently Healthy Cats. Gunther-Harrington et al. JVIM 2016.
Questions
- What is the advantage of using timolol in cats undergoing echo?
- Decreases H by 25 bpm; allows separation of the E and A waves so that diastolic function can be assessed
Effects of 6% tetrastarch and lactated Ringer’s solution on extravascular lung water and markers of acute renal injury in hemorrhaged, isoflurane-anesthetized healthy dogs. Diniz et al JVIM 2018.
- How did tetrastarch and lactated Ringer’s compare in extravascular lung water, pulmonary edema formation, and urinary NGAL/creatinine?
- Tetrastarch had lower EVLW at 1 and 4 hours post infusion, but neither got edema
No difference in uNGAL/creat between groups - Remained below “threshold” for AKI (120000 pg/mg)
Effects of 6% tetrastarch or lactated Ringer’s solution on blood coagulation in hemorrhaged dogs. Diniz et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the effect of 6% tetrastarch compared to LRS on BMBT, APTT, and ROTEM parameters in healthy dogs?
- NSD in BMBT
- APTT increased 4 hours from controls after tetrastarch
- CFT (like R value) increased, alpha angle decreased in both groups vs. controls (dilutional effect) from 0-4 & 0-2 hours
- MCF (like MA) decreased in both groups vs. controls
Effects of benazepril on survival of dogs with CKD: a multicenter, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. King et al. JVIM 2017.
- What was the effect of administration of benazepril 0.25-0.5 mg/kg vs. placebo SID for up to two years in dogs with CKD on renal survival time? On proteinuria?
No effect of benazepril on renal survival time overall or in proteinuric dogs
- UNDERPOWERED for subgroup analysis
- Proteinuria significantly lower in benazepril-treated dogs
Effects of benazepril on survival of dogs with CKD: a multicenter, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. King et al. JVIM 2017.
hat two factors were significantly associated with risk of treatment failure in CKD dogs?
- Increase plasma phosphate and protein
Effects of fenoldopam on kidney function parameters and its therapeutic efficacy in the management of acute kidney injury in dogs with heatstroke. Segev et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the effect of fenoldopam administration on UOP, FeNa, and GFR in dogs with heatstroke-induced AKI? What was the effect on death rate?
- No effect on UOP, FeNa, GFR
* Mortality rate overall 35%; no difference between fenoldopam and placebo
Effects of Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 on Serum Creatinine Concentration and Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Nonazotemic Cats. Sigrist et al. JVIM 2017.
- What was the effect of a median dose of 20 ml/kg/d over median of 4 days of 6% hetastarch administered to critically ill, non-azotemic cats on % change in serum creatinine and development of AKI?
- NSD in % change in creatinine or AKI development in cats that received HES vs. those that did not
- HES not a risk factor for AKI in multivariable logistic regression
Effects of immunosuppressive agents on the hemostatic system in normal dogs. Thomason et al. JVIM 2018.
- What immunosuppressive agent was associated with increased production of thromboxane A2 in dogs? What effect did this have on measured hemostatic parameters (PT/PTT, Sonoclot viscoelastometry, PFA-100 platelet aggregometry, platelet count)?
- Cyclosporine
No significant effect on any measured hemostatic parameter - Possibly the result of simultaneous increases in prostacyclin synthesis with cyclosporine
Effects of immunosuppressive agents on the hemostatic system in normal dogs. Thomason et al. JVIM 2018.
- What immunosuppressive agent was associated with a decrease in platelet aggregation when administered for 7 days at therapeutic doses to dogs.
- Leflunomide
Effects of leukoreduction and storage on erythrocyte phosphatidylserine expression and eicosanoid concentration in units of canine packed red blood cells. Muro et al. JVIM 2017
- What was the effect of leukoreduction, storage, and simulated transfusion on phosphatidylserine concentrations in canine pRBC units? On eicosanoids?
- NSD in PS concentrations after leukoreduction, storage, or simulated transfusion
- LR caused immediate increase in thromboxane A2 and PGF2alpha that normalized with storage
- NSD in arachidonic acid, other prostaglandins, leukotriene B4
Effects of leukoreduction and storage on erythrocyte phosphatidylserine expression and eicosanoid concentration in units of canine packed red blood cells. Muro et al. JVIM 2017
- Significance of phosphatidylserine in stored RBCs?
- PS is a normal component of RBC membranes, but usu confined to the inner membrane leaflet
- Aged/damaged RBCs, PS translocates to the cell surface à signals mononuclear phagocytes to remove the cell
- PS expression would lead to decreased lifespan of transfused RBCs
Effects of levothyroxine administration and withdrawal on the hypothalamic-pituatary-thyroid axis in euthyroid dogs. Ziglioli et al. JVIM 2017
- How did levothyroxine supplementation to euthyroid dogs affect TT4, FT4, T3, and TSH? How quickly did dogs’ TT4, FT4, and TSH return to baseline levels after 8 weeks of levothyroxine supplementation? After 16 weeks?
- Levo supplementation led to decreased TSH, increased FT4 & TT4, and no change in T3 compared to baseline
- After 8 and 16 weeks of supplementation, TT4, FT4, TSH returned to baseline within 1 week
Effects of oral prednisone administration on serum cystatin C. Munoz et al. JVIM 2017.
- What was the effect of 4 mg/kg x 7d exogenous prednisone administration PO to dogs with SRMA on serum cystatin C levels? What happened when the dose was reduced to 2 mg/kg? Withdrawn? How does this compare to cystatin C levels in dogs with PDH?
- 4 mg/kg pred significantly increased sCys-C levels from controls (0.4 vs. 0.18)
- Dose reduced to 2 mg/kg, sCys-C no longer different from controls (0.27)
- Reduced to baseline after pred d/c’d one week (0.15)
- PDH dogs also not significantly different from controls; similar to 2 mg/kg pred SRMA dogs (0.22)
Effects of six weeks of parenteral cobalamin supplementation on clinical and biochemical variables in cats with GI disease. Kempf et al. JVIM 2017
- What was the effect of administration of cobalamin 250 ug IM q 7 days for 6 weeks on serum cobalamin levels and serum and urine methylmalonic acid concentrations in cats with GI disease? Were these effects maintained if administration was discontinued for 4 and 10 weeks?
- Med cobalamin increased (111 to 2332) during supplementation
- Med serum MMA decreased (372 to 1.62) during supplementation
At the end of supplementation, 12/20 cats still had increased serum MMA concentrations - Only 1 cat still had low cobalamin at that time
- At 4 weeks post-d/c, cobalamin decreased (med 610), serum MMA increased (5.34)
- At 10 weeks post-d/c, cobalamin decreased (180), serum MMA increased (189)
- Similar pattern for urine MMA but not significant
Effects of six weeks of parenteral cobalamin supplementation on clinical and biochemical variables in cats with GI disease. Kempf et al. JVIM 2017
- What was the effect of administration of cobalamin 250 ug IM q 7 days for 6 weeks on clinical disease activity scores in cats? What happened after discontinuation?
- Clinical disease activity scores decreased during supplementation; increased after d/c
- What medication worked synergistically with doxorubicin to potentiate apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro? How might it work?
Amiloride (potassium sparing diuretic)
- Inhibits sodium-hydrogen exchangers (proton pumps) which can be upregulated in the tumor microenvironment of OSA
Effects of toceranib phosphate on systolic blood pressure and proteinuria in dogs. Tjostheim et al. JVIM 2016
- Did the prevalence of systemic hypertension and proteinuria differ in dogs with cancer vs. healthy controls prior to treatment?
- NSD; 37% hypertensive, 21% proteinuric
Effects of toceranib phosphate on systolic blood pressure and proteinuria in dogs. Tjostheim et al. JVIM 2016
- What was the effect of treatment with toceranib phosphate on systolic blood pressure and proteinuria in dogs with cancer?
- SBP higher after 2 weeks of treatment in non-HT dogs (136 at baseline, 152 post-Tx)
37% of treated dogs developed SBP > 160 mmHg
No change in UPC in treated dogs not hypertensive at baseline - HT at baseline dogs not evaluated due to insufficient data
Effects of toceranib phosphate on systolic blood pressure and proteinuria in dogs. Tjostheim et al. JVIM 2016
- Proposed pathophysiology of hypertension secondary to TKIs?
- Decreased VEGF signaling à decreased NO synth from endothelial cells
Effects of toceranib phosphate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in tumor-bearing dogs. Hume et al. JVIM 2018.
- What changes in hormones involved with the HPT axis were identified in dogs treated with toceranib for 90 days?
- All hormones remained within reference intervals
- FT4 decreased over time (1.22 – 1.00 ng/dL)
- TSH increased over time (0.17 – 0.34 ng/mL)
- TT4:TT3 decreased over time (2.57-2.02) à implies increased conversion to metabolically active T3
Efficacy of a low-dose (2 millicurie) vs. standard-dose (4 millicurie) radioiodine treatment for cats with mild-to-moderate hyperthyroidism. Lucy et al. JVIM 2017.
- How did the incidence of persistent hyperthyroidism, azotemia, and hypothyroidism compare between cats with T4 from 4-13 ug/dl treated with 2- vs. 4-millicurie I-131 protocols?
- NSD in persistent hyperthyroidism (0% vs. 3.3% 6 months post)
Overt & subclinical hypothyroidism incidence higher in 4-miCu cats - Overt: 18% vs. 1%; subclinical: 46% vs. 21%NSD in azotemia incidence, but high-dose cats had higher creatinine and % rise in creatinine
- Also azotemia almost sig dif at 6 months (46% vs. 29%)
Efficacy of a probiotic-prebiotic supplement on incidence of diarrhea in a dog shelter: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rose et al. JVIM 2017.
What was the effect of administration of a synbiotic (E. faecium, fructo-oligosaccharide, and acacia) to shelter dogs on percentage of diarrhea days, occurrence of diarrhea w/in 1st 14 days, and occurrence of > 2 consecutive days of diarrhea?
- Decreased % diarrhea days (3.2 vs. 2%)
Decreased occurrence of diarrhea in 1st 14 days (27% vs. 19%)
Decreased occurrence of > 2 days of diarrhea (8 vs. 4.6%)
Efficacy of azithromycin and compounded atovaquone for treatment of Babesia gibsoni in dogs. Kirk et al. JVIM 2017.
- What study design was this?
- Prospective observational; no placebo group and did not compare compounded to commercial atovaquone
Efficacy of azithromycin and compounded atovaquone for treatment of Babesia gibsoni in dogs. Kirk et al. JVIM 2017.
What was the % success of a protocol of azithromycin (10 mg/kg PO SID) with compounded atovaquone (13 mg/kg PO TID with a fatty meal) x 10 days for treatment of Babesia gibsoni in dogs?
- 93% of treated dogs had two negative PCR tests 30 days apart
Efficacy of Borrelia bergdorferi vaccine in dogs in North America: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vogt et al. JVIM 2019
What is the efficacy of Lyme vaccination in dogs?
Likely reduces clinical signs of lameness, anorexia, pyrexia, depression
Efficacy of intravenous administration of combined acid suppressants in healthy dogs. Tolbert et al. JVIM 2015.
- Does combo treatment with famotidine and pantoprazole improve acid suppression compared to pantoprazole alone in healthy dogs?
- Nope; MP3 ~ 75% and MPT4 ~65% for combo and pantoprazole alone
Efficacy of minocycline in naturally occurring nonacute Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. Jenkins et al. JVIM 2018
How did the efficacy of doxycycline 10 mg/kg SID vs. minocycline 10 mg/kg BID for 28 days compare for dogs with chronic Ehrlichia canis diagnosed via PCR?
- 100% treatment success (negative PCR 7 days after d/c)
* Time for all dogs to become negative: 3 weeks for doxy, 4 weeks for mino
Efficacy of minocycline in naturally occurring nonacute Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. Jenkins et al. JVIM 2018
- How do the pharmacokinetics of minocycline and doxycycline differ?
- Minocycline is more lipophilic with higher tissue concentration
Efficacy of pentamidine analogue 6 in dogs with chronic atrial fibrillation. Szatmari et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the efficacy of pentamidine analogue 6 in dogs with chronic A-fib?
- PA-6 couldn’t cause cardioversion to sinus rhythm
Efficacy of radiation therapy for the treatment of sialocele in dogs. Poirier et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the most efficacious dose of radiation for recurrent (post-surgical resection) sialocele in dogs? What percentage of dogs had a complete response vs. a partial response?
- Dose: cumulative 20 Gy
* Complete response: 54%; partial response: 45%
Eivers et al. JVIM 2019. Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic vs. nonbrachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies.
What percentage of dogs with esophageal dysmotility were brachycephalic breeds? What esophageal abnormalities were associated with brachycephaly?
77% of dogs with esophageal dysmotility were brachycephalic
Hiatal hernia, GERD, prolonged esophageal transit time
Eivers et al. JVIM 2019. Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic vs. nonbrachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies.
What percentage of dogs with BOAS and esophageal dysmotility improved with airway corrective surgery vs. medical management?
88% improved with surgery vs. 47% with medical management
Abdominal ultrasound examination findings in 534 hyperthyroid cats referred for radioiodine treatment between 2007-2010. Nussbaum et al. JVIM 2015.
- What percentage of hyperthyroid cats had concurrent disease identified on screening AUS?
- In how many cats did AUS/FNA findings alter the decision to treat with I-131 therapy?
36.1% of cats had concurrent disease; renal disease in 23%; neoplasia in 2.4%
- 96% of cats with CKD were IRIS I
Lower USG and higher BUN in cats with AUS findings consistent with CKD - NSD in creatinine
- 2.2% of cats did not have treatment based on results
Cortisol concentrations in well-regulated dogs with hyperadrenocorticism treated with trilostane. Midence et al. JVIM 2015
In dogs with HAC treated with trilostane whose post-ACTH cortisol concentrations are < 2 3-6 hours post-trilostane, how did post-ACTH cortisol concentrations 9-12 hours post-trilostane compare?
- Significantly higher at the 9-12 hour post pill timeframe
Supports continued trilostane administration at the same dose in dogs that are clinically controlled but post-ACTH stim 3-6 hours post pill is < 2
Cortisol Response in Healthy and Diseased Dogs after Stimulation with a Depot Formulation of Synthetic ACTH. Sieber-Ruckstuhl et al. JVIM 2015
- If you have to use the depot (slow-release, intramuscular) form of synthetic ACTH (tetracosactide 5 ug/kg IM), when should blood be drawn to measure cortisol concentrations if testing for Addison’s? For Cushing’s?
- Addison’s: 1 hour
- Cushing’s: 3 hours (peak cortisol levels after injection)
- Stimulatory effect gone within 24 hours – wait this timeframe for additional hormone tests
Effect of a limited iodine diet on iodine uptake by thyroid glands in hyperthyroid cats. Scott-Moncrief et al. JVIM 2015
- Effect of limited iodine diet on uptake of radioactive iodine (I-123) by the thyroid gland in hyperthyroid cats?
- Did clinical signs improve?
Significant, variable increase in radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroid gland
- Increase ranged from 38-639%All cats:
- Clinical signs of hyperT4 resolved
- No significant increase in body weight
- FT4 and TT4 normalized by 8-16 weeks
Further studies needed to determine if iodine restricted diet changes sensitivity of thyroid gland to I-131 treatment
Effect of feeding an iodine-restricted diet in cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism. Hui et al. JVIM 2015
- What percentage of hyperthyroid cats being fed an iodine-restricted diet had TT4 normalize within 180 days?
83%
- Cats with a high TT4 at days 21-60 hadhigher starting TT4
- sCr actually decreased during the study period
Clinical signs of hyperT4 did not all improve - Body weight and heart rate did not significantly improve
- Cats with normal TT4 at end of study period had same body weight as those still withhigh TT4
Evaluation of serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration as a diagnostic test for hyperthyroidism in cats. Peterson et al. JVIM 2015
Effect of the addition of serum canine TSH to fT4 or TT4 in the accuracy of diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in cats?
- Changes to sensitivity vs specificity?
TSH concentrations are suppressed in 98% of hyperthyroid cats
- Only 2% of hyperthyroid cats had measurable TSH concentrations vs 70% of euthyroidCombiningTSH with T4 or fT4:
- SENSitivity decreasedfrom 98% to 97%
- SPECificity increased from 70% to 99%
- TSH is highly sensitive, poorly specific for diagnosis of hyperthyroidism
Evaluation of the cortisol-to-ACTH ratio in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism, dogs with diseases mimicking hypoadrenocorticism, and in healthy dogs. Boretti et al. JVIM 2015
- Sensitivity and specificity of the cortisol-to-ACTH ratio, baseline cortisol, plasma ACTH, and Na/K ratio to distinguish dogs with Addison’s from dogs with diseases mimicking Addison’s?
CAR > 0.01 (rules out Addison’s):
- Sensitivity 100%; specificity 99%Baseline cortisol > 2 (rules out Addison’s):
- Sensitivity 100%; specificity 20%ACTH > 178 (confirms Addison’s):
- Sensitivity 91%, specificity 99%Na/K < 24 (confirms Addison’s):
- Sensitivity 56%, specificity 99%
Evaluation of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Total Thyroxine, and Free Thyroxine Concentrations in Hyperthyroid Cats Receiving Methimazole Treatment. Aldridge et al. JVIM 2015.
- Did evaluation of free T4 in addition to TT4 and TSH identify more cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism than TT4 and TSH alone?
- Prevalence of iatrogenic hypothyroidism (low TT4 + increased TSH)?
- What does measurement of TSH indicate re: azotemia?
No
- Low Total T4 - 68% had high TSH
- Low Free T4 - 73% had high TSH
- 20%
- Measurement of TSH may be helpful for indicating that azotemia, if present, is related to iatrogenic hypothyroidism
Overall,33% of cats had increased TSH concentrations
Normal TSH - only 18% of cats were azotemic
High TSH - 39% of cats were azotemic
Free thyroxine concentrations by equilibrium dialysis and chemiluminescent immunoassays in 13 hypothyroid dogs positive for thyroglobulin antibody. Randolph et al. JVIM 2015.
- Considerations for use of chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) free T4 vs. equilibrium dialysis (ED) freeT4 for diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs?
CLIA false negatives:
- 25-38% of hypothyroid dogs with thyroglobulin antibodies had FT4 within or above ref range on chemiluminescent assay (CLIA); use caution
- Sensitivity of EDFT4 was 75% (versus 62%)
Incidence of diabetes mellitus in insured Swedish cats in relation to age, breed, and sex. Ohlund et al. JVIM 2015
- Signalment predispositions for diabetes mellitus?
- Male cats had 2x incidence of female cats (not in Burmese breed)
High risk breeds: domestic cats at higher risk than pure-breed cats - Burmese, Russian Blue, Norwegian Forest cat, Abyssinian
- Mean age at diagnosis was 10 years
Insulin-Like Growth Factor—Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase Signaling in Canine Cortisol-Secreting Adrenocortical Tumors. Kool et al. JVIM 2015.
- What gene expression was increased in adrenal tumors vs. normal adrenal glands? What might serve as prognostic markers?
ERBB2 expression higher in adrenal carcinomas
- Inhibitor of differentiation 1 and 2 (ID1 and ID2) were increased in carcinomas that recurred within 2.5 years
Conclusion: - ID1 and ID2 might be valuable as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets
- ERBB2 may represent promising therapeutic target
Pasireotide for the medical management of feline hypersomatotropism. Scudder et al. JVIM 2015.
- Effect of short-acting pasireotide (0.03 mg/kg SC q12) in diabetic cats with hypersomatotropism?
- Decreased IGF-1 (day 1 to day 5), decreased insulin dose, increased insulin sensitivity
- No clinically relavent adverse effects in the 5 day study period
Treatment of ionized hypercalcemia in 12 cats (2006-2008) using PO-administered alendronate. Hardy et al. JVIM 2015
- Efficacy of alendronate 5-20 mg/cat (dose adjusted based on iCa) in treating idiopathic hypercalcemia in cats?
Significant iCa decrease with treatment:
- Decrease of 13%, 16%, and 18% at 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment
- No adverse effects reported
Urinary and Plasma Catecholamines and Metanephrines in Dogs with Pheochromocytoma, Hypercortisolism, Nonadrenal Disease and in Healthy Dogs. Salesov et al. JVIM 2015
- Preferred biochemical test to distinguish dogs with pheochromocytoma from dogs with Cushing’s and healthy controls?
Normetanephrine preferred biochemical test
- Urine normetanephrine : creatinine had no overlapping results (BEST)
- Plasma normetanephrine overlapped in only one dog with PC (out of 7)
- Lots of overlap with epinephrine, norepinephrine between groups in urine and plasma
Engel et al. JVIM 2019. Effectiveness of imepitoin fo the control of anxiety and fear associated with noise phobia in dogs.
Did it work?
Yes; owners 4.7x more likely to say it had an excellent overall treatment effect than placebo
Environmental risk factors for diabetes mellitus in cats. Ohlund et al. JVIM 2017.
- What behavioral and dietary factors were associated with development of diabetes mellitus in cats?
- Indoor only, “greedy eater”, overweight, and eating primarily dry food (in normal weight cats)
EPIC study. Boswood et al. JVIM 2016.
- What was the median time to CHF, cardiac death, or euthanasia in pimobendan treated dogs with preclinical MMVD vs. placebo? Hazard ratio? MST?
- Time to endpoint: 1228 days in the treated group; 766 days in the placebo group
- HR 0.64 in pimo group
- MST 1059d in pimo vs. 902 in placebo
EPIC study. Boswood et al. JVIM 2016.
- Aside from pimobendan treatment, what other factors were associated with time to primary endpoint in the EPIC study?
Cardiac size
Echo: Increased fractional shortening, LVIDDN, LA:Ao à worse outcome
- Increased FS might result in worse regurgitation
- Without echo: higher HR, lower SBP, higher VHS à worse outcome
- Decreased appetite
EPIC study. Boswood et al. JVIM 2018.
- What three heart size parameters significantly decreased within 35 days of pimobendan therapy vs. placebo in dogs with MMVD? Functional parameters? Did this affect outcome?
- Normalized left ventricular inner diameter at end systole & end diastole; LA:Ao
- Increased fractional shortening in the pimo group
- Decreasing heart size lengthened time to primary endpoint (CHF or cardiac death)
EPIC study. Boswood et al. JVIM 2018.
- What clinicopathologic variables changed as dogs entered CHF?
- Creatinine, ALT increased; TP decreased
Epidemiology of DM among 193,435 cats attending primary care veterinary practices in England. O’Neill et al. JVIM 2016
- Prevalence and risk factors for DM development in UK cats?
- Prevalence 0.58%
- Breeds: Tonkinese, Norwegian Forest, Burmese cats at increased risk
- BW > 4 kg, age > 6 years, being insured
- No association with sex
European veterinary renal pathology service: a survey over a 7-year period (2008-2015). Aresu et al. JVIM 2017.
- What category of glomerular disease had higher protein loss (lower albumin, higher UPC) in dogs? What clinicopathologic variables could distinguish different disease categories?
ICGN had lower albumin & higher UPC than non-ICGN or unspecified disease
- Particularly membranoproliferative ICGN
- Amyloid also had low albumin vs. other disease categoriesCPC values couldn’t distinguish disease categories due to significant overlap b/w groups
- ICGN had higher med BUN than non-ICGN
European veterinary renal pathology service: a survey over a 7-year period (2008-2015). Aresu et al. JVIM 2017.
- The addition of transmission electron microscopy changed the final diagnosis in what proportion of dogs?
- 46/162 dogs (28%)
European veterinary renal pathology service: a survey over a 7-year period (2008-2015). Aresu et al. JVIM 2017.
- What proportion of dogs undergoing renal biopsy were diagnosed as having ICGN? Non?
- ICGN 51%
* Non-ICGN 36%
Evaluating quality and adequacy of GI samples collected using reusable or disposable forceps. Cartwright et al. JVIM 2016
- What were the findings?
- No difference in adequacy, depth, villi number, or crush artifact in stomach, duodenum, ileum, or colon with 10-15 uses of reusable forceps.
Evaluation and diagnostic potential of serum ghrelin in feline hypersomatotropism and diabetes mellitus. Jensen et al. JVIM 2015.
- Differences in ghrelin between cats with diabetes, hypersomatotropism and diabetes, and healthy controls? Effect of radiation therapy in the hypersomatotropism/diabetes group?
- Lower ghrelin in cats with DM & HSDM vs. controls; NSD b/w DM & HSDM
RT -> ghrelin increased in HSDM cats & no longer different from controls - No effect of RT on serum IGF-1 levels despite decreased fructosamine and insulin dose in treated cats
Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally-infected dogs. Lizer et al. JVIM 2018.
- What serovars were dogs experimentally infected with in this study?
- Grippotyphosa, Pomona, Icterohemorragiae, Canicola
Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally-infected dogs. Lizer et al. JVIM 2018.
- What major differences exist in the substances that the SNAP and WITNESS tests look for in dogs?
- WITNESS: IgM specific & antibodies for multiple Lepto epitopes; IgM is produced 4-6 days post infection & disappears w/in a few months, only transiently produced post-vaccination
- SNAP: not IgM specific & only antibodies for LIPL32 outer membrane protein; may be positive in vaccinated or previously-exposed dogs
Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally-infected dogs. Lizer et al. JVIM 2018.
- How did the performance of the WITNESS, SNAP, and MAT lepto antibody tests compare at day 7 post-inoculation? Day 10?
WITNESS: day 7 à 100% sensitive for Gryppotyphosa, Canicola, Pomona; 50% in Icterohemorrhagiae; positive in 87.5% of dogs overall
- Day 10 à 100% sensitive in all dogs for all serovars
- MAT: day 7 à positive in 66% of dogs; day 10 à positive in 100%
- SNAP: positive in only 1 dog overall at day 7; 3 dogs at day 10; never positive for any dog infected with Canicola serovar
Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally-infected dogs. Lizer et al. JVIM 2018.
- Can MAT reliably identify the infecting serogroup?
- No; high cross-reactivity for all serovars except Hardjo
Evaluation of 3 serological tests for early detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in experimentally-infected dogs. Lizer et al. JVIM 2018.
- What is the recommendation for testing for WITNESS negative dogs in which Lepto is strongly suspected?
- Retest with WITNESS and additional confirmatory test in 3-7 days
Evaluation of a high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay compared to a first‐generation cardiac troponin I assay in Doberman Pinschers with and without dilated cardiomyopathy. Kluser et al. JVIM 2019.
- How did the performance of the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay compare with the conventional assay for the diagnosis of DCM in Doberman Pinschers?
- High sensitivity & conventional assays had similar test performances
- HS test was better at identifying Dobermans who were “normal” but would develop DCM within 1.5 years
Evaluation of basal serum or plasma cortisol concentrations for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs. Gold et al. JVIM 2016.
What was the sensitivity and specificity of a cutoff of 0.8 ug/dL (< positive, > negative) for diagnosis of Addison’s in dogs? 2.0 ug/dL? What cutoff point resulted in a 99.1% specificity for Addison’s?
- 0.8: sens 97%, spec 95.7% (max’ed sens & spec)
- 2.0: sens 99.4%, spec 67%
- Cut point of 0.19 resulted in 99.1% specificity & 82% sens
Evaluation of Body Weight, Body Condition, and Muscle Condition in Cats with Hyperthyroidism. Peterson et al. JVIM 2017.
- What percentage of cats with untreated hyperthyroidism had low BCS? Loss of muscle mass? How did treatment change BCS and muscle mass?
- 35% low BCS, 77% decreased muscle mass prior to treatment
Treatment -> increased BW (4 to 5 kg), BCS (3 to 3.5), MCS (2/3 to 3/3) - 45% of treated cats had persistent mild-mod muscle wasting (3-12 months post)
Evaluation of canine pancreas-specific lipase activity, lipase activity, and trypsin-like immunoreactivity in an experimental model of acute kidney injury in dogs. Hulsebosch et al. JVIM 2016
- Correlation of spec CPL, serum lipase, and TLI with creatinine in dogs with experimental (gentamicin) induced AKI?
- None correlated; spec CPL only increased in 12% of samples
Evaluation of cell culture-grown Bartonella antigens in immunofluorescent antibody assays for the serological diagnosis of bartonellosis in dogs. Neupane et al. JVIM 2018.
An immunofluorescent assay using 8 cell culture grown Bartonella spp. isolate antigens was recently developed. What percentage of Bartonella PCR positive dogs were seroreactive to any of these 8 Bartonella IFA antigens?
- What percentage of PCR/traditional IFA negative dogs were positive on the expanded IFA
- 62% (low sensitivity)
* 15%
Evaluation of cell culture-grown Bartonella antigens in immunofluorescent antibody assays for the serological diagnosis of bartonellosis in dogs. Neupane et al. JVIM 2018.
What Bartonella species were seroreactive dogs most likely seroreactive to?
Bartonella quintana and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. Berkhoffii II or both
Evaluation of cystatin C for the detection of chronic kidney disease in cats. Ghys et al. JVIM 2016.
- Is urine cystatin C a reliable marker for reduced GFR in cats?
No; only 22% sensitive (but 100% specific) for reduced GFR
- Vs. creatinine 83% sensitive, 93% specific
- Only 35/49 cats with reduced GFR had detectable uCysC levels
Evaluation of gastric pH and serum gastrin concentrations in cats with CKD. Tolbert et al. JVIM 2017
- How did serum gastrin levels and intragastric pH compare between cats with CKD and healthy controls?
- NSD between gastrin levels in CKD cats vs. controls
* NSD in mean intragastric pH over 12 hours of continuous pH monitoring (1.6 vs. 1.8)
Evaluation of hepatic tumor portal perfusion using mesenteric angiography: A pilot study in 5 dogs. Goode et al. jvim 2019
- What vessel supplies the majority of the blood flow to hepatic tumors when assessed via mesenteric angiography?
- Hepatic artery > portal vein
Evaluation of individual low-dose dexamethasone suppression test patterns in naturally-occurring hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. Bennaim et al. JVIM 2018.
- What were the sensitivity and specificity of the LDDS overall for diagnosis of canine HAC? What patterns were most specific for HAC?
- Sensitivity 97%, specificity 67%; lack of suppression pattern had the highest PPV
Evaluation of individual low-dose dexamethasone suppression test patterns in naturally-occurring hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. Bennaim et al. JVIM 2018.
- What were the classifications for LDDST pattern type? Which are considered “positive” for Cushing’s based on these study results?
Complete suppression: T4 and T8 both < 1 ug/dl (negative)
Lack of suppression: Neither < 1, neither < 50% (positive)
Partial suppression: Neither < 1, either < 50% (positive)
Escape: T4 < 1, T8 > 1 (unclear; base Dx on other factors)
Inverse: T4 > 1, T8 < 1 (unclear, base Dx on other factors)
- PPV 40%
Evaluation of iron deficiency using reticulocyte indices in dogs enrolled in a blood donor program. Foy et al. JVIM 2015
Differences in RBC indices, reticulocyte indices, and iron panel findings in blood donor dogs who gave blood > 6 x in 12 months vs. healthy controls?
- RBC indices: lower PCV (47%), HCT (46.4%) in donors; NSD in MCV, MCHC
- Retic indices: lower retic count (16k), retic MCV, retic MCHC in donors
- Iron panel: NSD in iron and ferritin; TIBC higher in controls
Evaluation of point‐of‐care thoracic ultrasound and NT‐proBNP for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in cats with respiratory distress. Ward et al. JVIM 2018
- What findings on point of care lung and cardiac ultrasound were useful in the diagnosis of CHF in cats with respiratory distress?
- > 1 site strongly positive for more than 3 B-lines (78.8% sensitive, 83.3% specific)
- Subjective LA enlargement (97% sensitive, 100% specific)
- Pericardial effusion 100% specific, 61% sensitive
Evaluation of point‐of‐care thoracic ultrasound and NT‐proBNP for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in cats with respiratory distress. Ward et al. JVIM 2018
- What was the sensitivity and specificity of NT-pro-BNP for diagnosis of CHF in cats with respiratory distress
- 94% sensitive, 72% specific
Evaluation of potential serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs with liver disease. Raghu et al. JVIM 2018.
- What were the diagnostic utility of serum IL-6, chemokine ligand 2, CRP, and AST:ALT ratio in detecting dogs with high hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory scores?
- IL 6 was higher in dogs with high vs. low fibrosis scores, but lots of overlap
- CCL2 significantly higher in dogs with high necroinflammatory scores, but lots of overlap
- CRP, AST:ALT not significantly different based on fibrosis or necroinflammatory scores
Evaluation of renal perfusion in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioiodine treatment. Stock et al. JVIM 2017.
- What general changes in contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation of renal perfusion were noted in cats before and one month after I-131 treatment?
- Higher cortical and medullary blood velocity pre-treatment
* Higher medullary blood volume pre-treatment
Evaluation of serum 3-bromotyrosine concentrations in dogs with steroid-responsive diarrhea and food-responsive diarrhea. Sattasathuchana et al. JVIM 2017.
- What associations were identified between peripheral eosinophil counts, serum 3-bromotyrosine, and type of diarrhea in dogs? How did 3-BrY correlate with clinical score
- No association b/w peripheral eosinophilia and FRD, SRD
- No association b/w peripheral eosinophilia and serum 3-BrY
- 3-BrY higher in SRE (3.27) than FRE (0.99); higher in FRE than controls (0.62)
- No correlation b/w 3-BrY and clinical score
Evaluation of serum aspergillus-specific IgA by indirect ELISA for diagnosis of feline upper respiratory tract aspergillosis. Taylor et al. JVIM 2016
- Was the addition of a test for anti-Aspergillus IgA antibodies via ELISA clinically useful compared to measurement of IgG alone?
- No; combined IgA and IgG sensitivity 100%, Sp 91.4% (not better than IgG alone)
Evaluation of serum aspergillus-specific IgA by indirect ELISA for diagnosis of feline upper respiratory tract aspergillosis. Taylor et al. JVIM 2016
Sensitivity and specificity of IgG ELISA for detection of upper respiratory aspergillosis in cats?
- Sens 100%, spec 92%
Evaluation of serum SDMA as a marker for masked chronic kidney disease in cats with hyperthyroidism. Peterson et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the sensitivity and specificity of pre-I-131 SDMA for detecting a creatinine greater than 2.1 developing after treatment
- Sensitivity 33%; specificity 97%
Evaluation of serum SDMA as a marker for masked chronic kidney disease in cats with hyperthyroidism. Peterson et al. JVIM 2018.
- What percentage of cats developed creatinine > 2.1 after I-131 therapy in this study? How long after?
- 16%
* Median 6 months; max 8 months post
Evaluation of serum thymidine kinase 1 activity as a biomarker for treatment effectiveness and prediction of relapse in dogs with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. JVM 2019
- What was the sensitivity and specificity of serum thymidine kinase 1 > 119.5 Du/L for detection of incomplete response in dogs with non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
- Sensitivity 76%; specificity 100%
Evaluation of serum thymidine kinase 1 activity as a biomarker for treatment effectiveness and prediction of relapse in dogs with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. JVM 2019
- What was the sensitivity and specificity of serum thymidine kinase 5x increase at detecting relapse in dogs with complete remission of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
- Sensitivity 50%; specificity 94%
Evaluation of the effect of orally administered acid suppressants on intragastric pH in cats. Parkinson et al. JVIM 2015
- Comparison of effect of fractionated omeprazole tablets, omeprazole reformulated paste, and famotidine tablets on intragastric pH in cats?
- Both omeprazole formulations were better than famotidine, placebo
- Fractionation of the enteric coated omeprazole tablet did not reduce efficacy
Evaluation of the live biotherapeutic product, asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli 2-12, in healthy dogs and dogs with clinical recurrent UTI. Segev et al. JVIM 2018.
Out of 9 dogs with recurrent UTI, how many had complete or nearly complete clinical cures by 14 days after instillation of the E. coli therapeutic? How many had microbiological cure?
- 4/9 had complete or nearly complete clinical cure
3/9 had microbiological cure at day 14; one had MC at day 7 but asymptomatic bacteriuria with the therapeutic Ecoli strain at day 14 - 3 of these dogs had electrophoresis identification of the therapeutic E coli strain at day 14 even though they cultured negative
Evaluation of weight change during carboplatin therapy in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Story et al. JVIM 2017.
- What change in weight was identified during treatment? What factors impacted survival?
- NSD in weight over the course of treatment
* No factors impacted survival, including weight, sex, ALP
Evaluation of weight loss over time in cats with CKD. Freeman et al. JVIM 2017.
- What percentage of body weight was lost in the 12 months prior to CKD diagnosis? When did weight loss start relative to CKD diagnosis?
- Cats lost 8.9% body weight in 12 months prior to diagnosis à accelerated after Dx
- Weight loss started 3 years prior to CKD diagnosis
Evaluation of weight loss over time in cats with CKD. Freeman et al. JVIM 2017.
- What effect did body weight have on survival in cats with CKD?
Cats < 4.2 kg at diagnosis survived shorter than cats > 4.2 kg
- Explain the interaction between serum iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, transferrin?
- Serum iron = iron in blood bound to transferrin
- Transferrin = binding protein for iron so it can’t act as a free radical
Total iron binding capacity = surrogate for transferrin + apotransferrin - % saturation = serum iron/TIBC
- Ferritin = intracellular but accessible storage form of iron (hemosiderin not accessible)
Expression of Apoptosis‐regulating Proteins Bcl‐2 and Bax in Lymph Node Aspirates from Dogs with Lymphoma. Meichner et al. JVIM 2016.
- Was the apoptosis resistance marker ratio Bcl-2/Bax highest in lymph node aspirates from dogs with T or B cell lymphoma?
- T cell
Fabres et al. JVIM 2019. Development and validation of a novel clinical scoring system for short-term prediction of death in dogs with acute pancreatitis.
What risk factors for death within 30 days of hospital admission were identified in dogs with pancreatitis?
What was the death rate within that time frame?
SIRS, coagulopathy, increased creatinine, ionized hypocalcemia
33% death rate in 30 days
Factors affecting platelet concentration in platelet concentrates from canine blood donors. Raleigh et al. JVIM 2017.
- What donor factors were associated with platelet concentrate platelet counts in dogs?
- Predonation platelet count, lipemic index, phosphorus all positively associated
Factors associated with survival in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Rudinsky et al. JVIM 2018.
- What physical examination and CPC factors were associated with an increased hazard ratio for death in dogs with chronic kidney disease.
Physical exam: BCS < 4/9, muscle atrophy
- CPC: increased creat, phosphorus, calcium x phosphorus, FGF-23, UPC
Factors associated with survival in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Rudinsky et al. JVIM 2018.
- What was the median survival time of dogs with IRIS II, III, and IV CKD in this study.
- II: 15 months
- III: 11 months
- IV: 2 months
Factors influencing the relationship between the dose of amlodipine required for blood pressure control and change in blood pressure in hypertensive cats. Bijsmans et al. JVIM 2016.
- What factors influenced the decrease in SBP seen in hypertensive cats prescribed amlodipine at 0.625 or 1.25 mg/cat?
Cats that required a higher amlodipine dose had higher SBP at diagnosis (180 vs 200)
- Also had lower potassium -> RAAS activation higher in high-dose group?SBP decrease associated with the SBP at diagnosis and plasma amlodipine concentration
- Not associated with body weight, BUN/creat, Na, Cl, chol, tCa, P, alb, USG
Comparison of 2 doses for ACTH stimulation testing in dogs suspected of or treated for hyperadrenocorticism. Aldridge et al. JVIM 2016.
- When can a 1 ug/kg dose of IV cosyntropin be used in ACTH stimulation testing in dogs treated for or suspected of having Cushing’s?
- 1 ug/kg and 5 ug/kg doses equivalent in treated dogs
- 1 ug/kg clinical interpretation differed from 5 ug/kg clinical interpretation in 23% of dogs suspected of having Cushing’s
Fasting urinary calcium-to-creatinine and oxalate-to-creatinine ratios in dogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis and breed-matched controls. Furrow et al. JVIM 2015.
- How did urinary calcium and oxalate excretion compare between stone-formers in predisposed breeds vs. non-stone formers? Dogs on dietary therapy vs. not? Blood ionized calcium?
- uCa/uCr higher in stone formers for all three breeds (Mini Schnauzer, Shih Tzu, Bichon)
- uOxalate/uCr not different in any breed
- Dogs on dietary therapy had higher uCa/uCr than those not on dietary therapy
- Blood iCa higher in stone-formers than non in Mini Schnauzer and Bichon
How to interpret an iron panel?
Review: Effect of intravenously administered crystalloid solutions on acid-base balance in domestic animals. Muir, W. JVIM 2017.
- What are the sodium, chloride, potassium, pH and SID of 0.9% NaCl, LRS, and NormR/Plyte-A?
