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[G11] [1ST SEM][MIDTERMS] ESCI > ALL LESSONS > Flashcards

ALL LESSONS Flashcards

1
Q

nearest stellar neighbor of our sun 4.3 light years away

A

proxima centauri

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2
Q

other notable moons

A

jupiter’s ganymede - largest moon
saturn’s titan - thick atmosphere
neptune’s triton - geysers of nitrogen

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2
Q

the sun is located

A

3 million miles from earth and is at least 4.5B years old, has at least 10k surface temp and center temp of 27m (f)

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2
Q

dwarf planets - pehmc

A

pluto eris haumea makemake ceres

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3
Q

small, airless rocky worlds revolving around the sun too small to be called a plant
- composed primarily of nickel and iron
e.g: cvpj or ceres, vesta, pallas, juno

A

asteroids

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4
Q

composed of ice, dust, rocky materials
- originated from kuiper belt and oort cloud
- known for spectacular tails

A

comets

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5
Q

region beyond neptune filled w icy bodies and dwarf planets like pluto

A

kuiper belt

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5
Q

exchange of energy and moisture between spheres
- long term atmospheric conditions in a region

A

climate system

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6
Q

when they enter the earth’s atmosphere and burn up

A

meteors

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6
Q

small, rocky or metallic bodies travelling through space

A

meteoroids

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7
Q

distance, spherical shell of icy objects believe to surround the solar system, extending far beyond the kuiper belt

A

oort cloud

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7
Q

states that the solar system formed out of a rotating cloud of dust and gas contracting under its own gravity

A

nebular hypothesis proposed by immanuel kant

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7
Q

microscopic particles that drift through the solar system

A

interplanetary dust

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8
Q

when they reach the ground

A

meteorite

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9
Q

most widely accepted theory of the moon

A

giant impact hypothesis

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9
Q

causes of earth’s atmosphere

A

comets, vcolcanic eruptions

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10
Q

heat sources of earth

A
  • impacts of meteorites and large planetisimals
  • radioactive decay (manure, etc)
  • gravitational contraction
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11
Q

composed o N and O now being mixed with CO2 which protects the earth from incoming asteroids

  • gaseous sphere envoloping the earth
  • MTEST (meso, thermo, exo, strato, tropo)
A

atmosphere

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11
Q

scientific theory explaining earth’s lithosphere interactions and movements
- the rigit outerlayer of earth, broken to small and large pieces called tectonic plates

A

plate tectonic system

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12
Q

process responsible for earth’s magnetic field

A

geodynamo system

13
Q

earth’s solid surface often called earth’s crust

A

geosphere

13
Q

refers to all of the water on earth (71% water, 29% terra or land mass)

A

hydrosphere

14
Q

all life on earth

A

biosphere

14
Q

portion of solid water on earth

A

cryosphere

15
Q

man-made, human population

A

anthrosphere

15
Q

aggregate/mixture of composition varies
- composed of 1 or more mineral

A

rocks

16
Q

inorganic chemicals or compounds found in the earth’s crust- 73k are found in earth’s crust

A

minerals

16
Q

basalt, granite, obsidian, pumice, gabbro, scoria are examples of

A

igneous rock

17
Q

formed by cooling and crystallization of magma

A

igneous rock

17
Q

formed by accumulation of weathered material

A

sedimentary

18
Q

marble, quartzite, gneiss and slate are examples of

A

metamorphic rock

18
Q

formed by pre-existing rocks that have been transformed

A

metamorphic rock

19
Q

conglomerate, sandstone, shale, limestone, gypsum and halite are examples of

A

sedimentary rock

19
Q

formed by weathered materials carried by wind, water or ice

A

sedimentary rock

20
Q

formed from pre-existing rocks

A

metamorphic rock

20
Q

machinery removed top of mountains to expose coal

A

mountain top removal

20
Q

found in rocks, soil ,sediments
- naturally-occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure

A

mineral

20
Q

earth movers strips away overburden, giant shovels remove mineral deposits

A

area strip mining

21
Q

machines dig holes, remove ores, sand, gravel, stone, etc.

A

open-pit mining

22
Q

used on hilly/mountainous terrain

A

countour strip mining

23
Q

substance that provides a form of energy

A

fuels

24
Q

process of burning fuel

A

combustion

25
Q

3 major fuels

A

coal, oil, natural gas

26
Q

fossil fuels are made up of

A

hydrocarbons ( c + o)

27
Q

thick, liquid fossil fuel formed from animal remains, algae, protists

A

oil

28
Q

when oil is first pumped from ground, it’s called crude oil
- factory refining oil

A

refining oil

29
Q

mixture of methane and other gases

A

natural gas

30
Q

land suitable for crop-growing

A

arable land/farm land

[G11] [1ST SEM][MIDTERMS] ESCI (1 decks)

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