ALL LESSONS Flashcards
branch of science which deals with the study of matter- its composition, structure, properties, change it undergoes and the energy included in these changes
chemistry
matter has atwo types
pure substance and mixture
amount of substance
mass
anything that occupies space and has mass
matter
downward pull of object towards the center of the earth
weight
property that is measurable w/o changing the substance
physical property
property that can only be observed by changing the type of substance
chemical properties
coffee, soft drinks, bronze are examples of
mixture
only depends on the type of matter
- boiling pt, freezing pt, melting pt, solubility, malleability, viscosity, taste, hardness, density, luster, color
intensive property
the one dissolved
solute
oxygen and water are examples of
pure substance
only depends on the amount of matter
- height, weight, temp., size, shape, volume, mass
extensive properties
separation method used to filter out pure substances in mixtures made up of particles some of which are too large to pass through the filter
e.g: aircon
filtration
another word for homogenous mixture, has 2 parts: solvent and solute
solution
conversion of kelvin to celcius
c+273.15
procedure where a solid and liquid or 2 liquids with diff. boiling points can be separated using the principles of evaporation and condensation
e.g: gasoline from crude oil
distillation
process in which a conversion factor writtin in a form of ratio is used to change units givein the data to the units desired
dimensional analysis
solution where water is the solvent (aq) next to substance =
aqueous
the one that dissolves
solvent
quantity of matter in the object
mass
components in mixtures have diff. attractions w/chromatography paper: diff components travel up the paper at diff. rates
e.g: blood testing/arson verification/ drug tests/ etc.
chromatography
getting the mass/volume/temp of an object
density measurement
formula for mass
m = density/volume (TRIANGLE)
M
D V
- antoine lavoisier
- in a chemical reaction, no change in mass takes place: total mass of product = total mass of the reactants
law of conservation of mass
amount of space occupied by a substance
volume
tells how hot/cold an object is
temperature
ratio of the mass of an object to the volume it occupies
density
conversion of celcius to fahrenheit
1.8c+32
conversion of fahrenheit to celcius
f-32/1.8
uncertainty arising from uncontrolled variable in measurement causing one measurement to differ slightly from the next like when you move
random error or indeterminate error
accurate but not precise
machine problems
systematic error
precise but not accurate
process of determining the extent of dimensions, quantity or extent of something
measurements
a compound always contains the same constituent elements
law of definite proportion
simple way to keep track of large numbers with lots of zeroes
scientific notation
if 2 elements can combine to form more than 1 compound, the masses of 1 element that’ll combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in a ratio of small numbers
law of multiple proportion
dalton’s 2nd atomic theory
atoms of the same element are identical and are different from those of other elements
(1809) he published his book: a system of chemical philosophy, where he proposed atomic theory of matter
john dalton
dalton’s 4th atomic theory
DURING A CHEMICAL REACTION, ATOMS COMBINE, SEPARATE OR REARRANGE. NO ATOMS ARE CREATED AND NO ATOMS DISAPPEAR
dalton’s 1st atomic theory
matter is made up of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms
dalton’s 3rd atomic theory
compounds are composed of atoms of more than 1 element, combined in diff. ratios with whole number values
when a neutral atom gains or loses 1 or more electrons, it becomes an
ion
