ALL LESSONS Flashcards
verbal or nonverbal (another term for 2 dimensions of communication)
symbiotic
logical steps
process
process of creating or sharing meaning/act of transmitting intended messages
communication
2+ people, sender and receiver with mutual influence (models)
interactive
verbal and non-verbal
2 dimensions of communication
variety of forces/activities (channel)
dynamics
info/opinion/emotion/facts/thoughts
message
source of message/info
speaker
medium/means of comms.
channel
recipient
receiver
interruption
noise
reaction
feedback
converting
encoding
interpreting
decoding
environment where communication takes place
context
sharing info. or sharing data
e.g, announcements, memos
information dissemination
functions to regulate or control person’s behavior
e.g, instructions, requests, commands
control or regulation
-intimate
-functions to connect people emotionally
-express emotions which people deny/accept/confirm
emotional expression
aims to interact casually
e.g, sharing, greetings, chitchats, gossips, getting-to-know
social interaction
functions to inspire/motivate people to be or de better
motivation
ONE-WAY
receiver has no way of responding to the speaker
shannon-weaver model: propenents: claude elwood shannon & warren weaver (1949)(mother of all communication models)
linear model
TWO-WAY
a feedback is given by the receiver to the speaker
schramm model: proponent: wilbert schramm (1954)
-circular process
-active listening
interactive model
-roles interchange
-includes noise
-continuous
noise model: dean barnun (1962)
transactional model
barriers to communication
disturbance/interruption
-mental difficulties
-strong emotional problems
-barriers caused by the human mind
psychological barrier
-beliefs
-values
-religion
-race
-gender
-opinion
-tradition
-barriers caused by individual differences
-race
cultural barrier
-grammatical errors
-double meanings
-mispronunciations
-barriers caused by the structure and meaning of language
language barrier
-noisy surroundings
-speech defects
-barriers caused by natural/environmental effects
physical barrier
includes all important details
completeness
direct/straight to the points
- less words/most important details only
conciseness
-refrain from prejudice/bias
-respective and honest
courtesy
emphasis
- thinking of the receiver’s welfare
consideration
factual/evidence
-reliable info. from reliable src.
-supported w/facts
concreteness
s: several ppl sound angry and shout
psycho
clarity of msg.
- no double meaning
- no jargon
clearness
correct grammar and use of words
correctness
s: protests
physical
s: ppl lack confidence to share
psycho
s: ppl. have diff. opinions and ideas
cultural
- to persuade
- to convince
- to make listeners agree/believe
- advertisements, commercials, campaigns, debates, speeches, etc.
persuasive speech
- to inform
- to educate
- to provide data
- lectures, news reports, announcements, seminars, etc.
informative speech
s: some ppl have very confusing statements
language
s: others don’t take into consideration the opinions of others
cultural
- to entertain
- to make people feel emotions
- story-telling, spoken poetry, theater performance, etc.
entertainment speech
- to demonstrate
- to present a step-by-step process
- demonstrations, how-to-presentations, etc.
demonstrative speech
-age
-gender
-educ. bg.
-nationality
-civil status
demographic profile
-loc.
-size/population
-economic status
situation
(speech writing principles:demographic profile)
-beliefs
-values
-behavior
psychology
breakdown of the main and supporting ideas arranged in a logical order
outline
- shaping of speech sounds (c/v) by the tongue/lips/palate/jaw/teeth
- utterance of words (pronunciation)
- clarity of speech sounds (enunciation)
articulation
highness/lowness of voice
pitch
vocal energy or intensity exerted by a speaker
power
- act of varying it in terms of pitch, pace, power to convey the right emotions
-variation
-emotions
modulation
rate/speed
pace
- ability to command the attention of the audience
- appearance, projection and manner
stage presence
facial expressions, gestures, emotions
FEGM
form of language characterized by degree of formality
speech styles
- most formal communicative style
- used generally in a very formal setting
- ceremonies
- doesn’t require feedback
- wedding, anthem (doesn’t change)
frozen style
- straightforward
- least amount of feedback
- avoids use of slang
- what speaker uses is something prepared beforehand
- sona, announcement
formal style
- semi-formal
- unplanned speech, speaker uses participation and feedback of listener
- advice, classroom discussion, doctor
consultative style
- convo with friends/close relations
- chikahan, galaan, etc.
casual style
- very close relationships
- couple, family, best friends
intimate speech
