All Lessons Flashcards
This are the invaders that sabotage our cells.
Viruses
He discovered that a transforming factor could be transferred into a bacterial cell.
Frederick Griffith
What do u call a process were some harmless bacteria were converted to disease - causing bacteria.
Transformation
Who uses the bacteriophages to show that DNA is the genetic material.
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
This are the viruses that infect bacterial cells.
Bacteriophages
This were labeled with radioactive sulfur to detect proteins or radioactive phosphorus to detect DNA.
Phages
DNA & RNA are polymers called ________??
Polynucleotides
What are the 2 nitrogenous bases?
1.Pyrimidines , cytosine and Thymine
2.Purines ,adenine and guanine
He showed that most samples of DNA the Percentages of Cytosine and Guanine were equal.
Erwin Chargaff
They deduced the secondary structure of DNA with the X-ray crystallography data from Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins.
James D. Watson & Francis Crick
What are the 3 primary functions that was expected to Fullfill from the time biologist first considered DNA as the genetic material.
- Storage of Genetic Information
2.Replication and Inheritance - Expression of the genetic message
It adds nucleotides to a growing chain.
DNA polymerase
It joins small fragments into a continuous chain.
DNA ligase
They found a series of mutants that could not produce the amino acid arginine.
George Beadle & Edward Tatum
It catalyzes the reaction.
RNA polymerase
What are the stages of transcription.
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
It is a stages of transcription where RNA polymerase binds to a promoter where the helix unwinds and transcription starts.
Initiation
It is a stage of transcription where RNA nucleotides are added to the chain.
Elongation
It is a stage were RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence and detaches from the template.
Termination
It contains codons for protein sequences.
mRNA
Eukaryotic mRNA has interrupting sequences called - - - - - - - , separating the coding region called - - - - - .
Introns
Exons
It is the removal of introns and joining of exons to produce a continuous coding sequence.
RNA splicing
It is a molecules match an amino acids to its corresponding mRNA codon.
tRNA
It is a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
Mutation
It is a mutation were can cause errors in DNA replication.
Spontaneous
What are the type of Mutation.
Frameshift mutation
Missense mutations
Nonsense mutations
It is a addition or deletion of one base.
Frameshift mutation
Only one amino acids is changed.
Missense mutation
Shorter than longer protein.
Nonsense mutation
SHe discovered the first transposons in 1940s .
Barbara McClintock
Transposons inhibit pigment production in corn kernels producing a variegated pattern called ______?
Indian corn
She was an American scientists and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Barbara McClintock
What are the 3 mechanism that allow transfer of bacterial DNA.
1.Transformation
2. Transduction
3. Conjugation
It is the uptake of DNA from the surrounding environment
Transformation
It is gene transfer through bacteriophages
Transduction
It is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient bacterial cell through a cytoplasmic bridge.
Conjugation
It is a small circular DNA molecules that are separate from the bacterial chromosome.
Plasmids
It is involved in conjugation.
F factor
It transfer genes for antibiotic resistance by conjugation.
R plasmids
What are the 2 types of reproductive cycles.
Lytic cycle and Lysogenic cycle
It is a viral particles are produced using host cell components.
Lytic cycle
It is a viral DNA is inserted into the host chromosome by recombination.
Lysogenic cycle
What do you call an inserted phage in DNA.
Prophage
It is a circular RNA molecules that infect plants.
Viroids
It is a infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in animals.
Prions
Who discovered the nucleic acid?
Friedrich Miescher
It is a biopolymer found in cell.
Nucleic acid
She discover the double helix of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin
They published numerous scientific papers , further to DNA structure.
James Watson & Francis Crick
What are the 2 types of nucleic acid?
DNA AND RNA
It can’t cause any diseases ( R cells)
Avirulent
It can cause diseases ( S cells)
Virulent
