All Lectures Flashcards
Oleaginous
Oily or Greasy
Drug into skin depends on…
pressure applied, surface area covered, condition of skin, base used, occlusive dressing
Paste
thick, stiff ointment that does not flow at body temperature, used as a protective coat, 20% solid
Ointment
soften at body temp, spread easily, re-hydrate skin,
Cream
applied to a soft, cosmetically acceptable area, active ingredient is suspended or dissolved, have a drying effect
Epidermic
Endodermic
Diadermic
Little skin penetration, OIl
to dermis, absorpt. bases
though skin, water soluble emulsion
Absorptive Bases
Oleaginous
Water soluble
Aquaphor
White Pet.
Polyethylene Glycol ung
Levigation
for incorporating insoluble powders, example: wet powder and then add to white pet.
Levigating agents
Glycol’s, Oils (mineral)
Stiffening Agents
waxes and hard fats
Water soluble bases
PEG 3350
Modified release products provide…
1) Delayed Release
2) Extended Release
Extended Release
release at a predetermined rate, duration and location to achieve optimum blood levels, constant level of drug, less side effects
Delayed Release
designed to pass through the stomach unaltered, release med. in intestinal tract
Repeat Action
2 doses, 1 for immediate release, 2 for delayed release
Targeted Release
to a body region
Extended Release Technology
phthalates for enteric or colonic drug delivery
Coated beads, microspheres
drug is distributed into beads, small release fastest, big release slowest
Multi-tablet System
each cap. contains mini-tablets for immediate and delayed release
Slowly eroding or hydrophilic matrix system
slowly erodes in body fluids, progressively releasing drug for absorption
Ion Exchange Resin
release is dependent on pH and electrolyte conc.
release better in acidic environment
Osmotic Pump
Oros system, like a syringe in your stomach
Drug release rate altered by…
surface area, thickness and composition of membrane, diameter of drug release orifice
bioadhesion: diffusion electronic wetting fracture adsorption
entanglement of polymer attractive forces getting wet force 2 separate 2 surface secondary chemical bonds
Gelatin
used to adhere buccal route quickly
Why ODT?
faster OA, improved compliance, better taste,
common and unique
Lozenges
medial agent and flavor, softer texture b/c of high sugar content or PEG, hard lozenge from hard candy bases, for local treatment, easy to administer, can be gummy
Hard Lozenges
are hydroscopic so take up moisture from environment, need to be protected from humidity,
Suppositories
Suppositories
Oil Soluble Bases
Cocoa butter, four forms, melt at 34-35C, 3-7 minutes to liquify
Hydrogenated Veggie Oil Bases
Fattibase, 35-37C
Wecobee / Witepsol 3-7 minutes to liquify
Water Soluble Bases
PEG suppositories, can be formulated to adapt to what chemist needs, 30-50 minutes to liquify
Suppository Prep: Fusion Method
heat base, add ingredient then pour into mold and cool
Prep of active drug
max excipeint is 30% of blank weight of suppository, 2ml size can hold 600mg of drug
to maximize release of drug…
water soluble drugs should be placed in oil soluble bases and vise versa
