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MD4001 APE > All Lecture Anatomy > Flashcards

All Lecture Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the brainstem is this ?

A

Midbrain

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2
Q

What part of the brainstem is this ?

A

Upper Medulla

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3
Q

What part of the brainstem is this ?

A

Pons

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4
Q

What part of the brainstem is this ?

A

Lower Medulla

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5
Q

Where would you find the Basal Ganglia and Thalamus ?

A

Next to third ventricle

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6
Q

Name the labelled structures

A

See Image

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7
Q

Name the labelled structures

A

See Image

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8
Q

What is the function of the Fornix and where is it?

A

Connects hippocampus with anterior structures

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9
Q

What is the function of the Hippocampus and where is it?

A

Contributes to memory function

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10
Q

Where is the Internal Capsule, Caudate Nucelus and Lentiform nucleus located?

A

See image

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11
Q

Label these structures?

A

1). Superior Colliculus
2). Inferior Colliculus
3). Floor of the IV ventricle
4). Fasciculus Cutaneous
5). Fasciculus Gracilis

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12
Q

Name the following Cranial Nerves?

A

II
III
IV
V
VIII
VI
IX
XII
X
XI
VII

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13
Q

What cranial nerve exists the brainstem dorsally?

A

Trochlear - IV

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14
Q

Where is the Primary Visual Cortex located?

A

See image

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15
Q

What is this section of the brain called?

A

Primary Motor Cortex

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16
Q

What are these sections of the brain called?

A

Premotor Cortex

Posterior Parietal Cortex

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17
Q

What is this section of the brain called?

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

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18
Q

What is this section of the brain called?

A

Association somatosensory cortex

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19
Q

What are these areas of the brain called?

A

Broca’s
Wernicke’s
Primary Auditory area

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20
Q

What structure connects Broca and Wernicke’s area?

A

DTI of arcuate fasiculus

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21
Q

Name these parts of the spinal cord and their function?

A

Fasciculus Gracilis - Information from lower body extremities

Fasciculus Cutaneous - Information from upper body extremities

Dorsal and Ventral Spinocerebllar tracts - Proprioceptive information from muscle spindles (Dorsal) & Golgi organs

Spinothalamic - Pain and Temperature

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22
Q

Name these structures ?

A

See image

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23
Q

Where would you find a Subdural Hematoma and a rupture in what vessels causes it?

A

Between the Dura and Arachnoid matter

Tear in Bridging Veins

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24
Q

Where would you find a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage and a rupture in what vessels causes it?

A

Blood in Circle of Willis, Cisterns and fissures

Rupture of Berry Aneurysm

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25
Q

Where would you find a Epidural Hematoma and a rupture in what vessels causes it?

A

Between Dura and Skull

Tearing of Middle Meningeal Artery

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26
Q

Where would you find Intracerebral Haemorrhage and a rupture in what vessels causes it?

A

Blood in Parenchyma and ventricles

Territory of Penetrator Arteries

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27
Q

At which level would you sample from the spinal cord and what are the landmarks ?

A

L4-L5

Iliac crest L4 so 1 below

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28
Q

Name where you would find this section of the spinal cord ?

A

Lumbar

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29
Q

Name where you would find this section of the spinal cord ?

A

Cervical

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30
Q

Name where you would find this section of the spinal cord ?

A

Sacral

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31
Q

Name where you would find this section of the spinal cord ?

A

Thoracic

32
Q

Name the following structures?

A

See image

33
Q

Describe the arrangement of the cerebellum ?

A

Anterior lobe

Floconodular lobe (anterior inferior)

34
Q

Label these structures of the ear?

A

See image

35
Q

Label this inner ear?

A

See image

36
Q

What structure is responsible for angular acceleration (head rotation movements)?

A

Hair cells in Crista Ampullaris cause Cupula to be displaced

37
Q

What structure is responsible for a change in linear acceleration orientated vertically where and horizontally where??

A

Otolithic Organs;
- Vertical in Saccule
- Horizontal in Utricle

38
Q

Label these parts of the brainstem ?

A

See image

39
Q

Label these parts of the brainstem ?

A

See image

40
Q

Name these cranial nerves?

A

See image

41
Q

Name these cranial nuclei?

A

Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducens
Hypoglossal

42
Q

Name these cranial nuclei?

A

Trigeminal motor
Facial
Nucelus Ambiguus (IX + X)
Accessory

43
Q

Name these cranial nuclei?

A

Edinger-Westphal (III)
Superior Salivatory (VII)
Inferior Salivatory (IX)
Dorsal Motor Vagus (X)

44
Q

Name these cranial nuclei?

A

Trigeminal Mesencephalic (V)
Trigeminal Pontine (V)
Vestibulochochlear (VIII)
Solitary (VII, IX, X)
Trigeminal spinal (V)

45
Q

Give the order of cranial nuclei ?

A

GSE, SVE, Autonomic, GSA, SVA

46
Q

What structures develop from the first arch ?

A

Muscles;
- Muscles of Mastication
- Ant belly digastric
- Mylohyoid
- Tensor tympani
- Tensor veli palatini

Skeletal;
- Maxilla
- Zygomatic
- Mandible
- Malleus
- Incus
- (Meckel’s cartilage)
- Sphenomandibular
ligament

Nerve;
- Skin of the face
supplied by V1, V2, V3
- Trigeminal V3
Muscles Of
mastication

Arteries;
- Maxillary
- External carotid

47
Q

What structures develop from the second arch ?

A

Hyoid Arch

Muscles;
- Muscles of facial
expression
- Stylohyoid
- Stapedius
- Posterior belly Of
digastric

Skeletal;
- Stapes
- Styloid process
- Stylohyoid ligament
- Lesser horn of the hyoid
- Upper part body of hyoid

Nerve;
- Facial Vil

Artery;
- Stapedial artery

48
Q

What structures develop from the third arch ?

A

Muscles;
- Stylopharyngeus

Skeletal;
- Greater horn Of the
hyoid
- Lower part
body of hyoid

Nerve;
- Glossopharyngeal IX

Artery;
- Common carotid
arteries
- Internal carotid
arteries

49
Q

What structures develop from the fourth arch ?

A

Muscles
- All the muscles of the
pharynx (4th arch)
(except
stylopharyngeus)
- All the muscles of the
palate (4th arch)
(except tensor veli
palatini)
- Cricothyroid (4th arch)

Skeletal;
- Epiglottis
- Laryngeal cartilages
- Thyroid
- Cuneiform corniculate
- Arytenoids

Nerve;
- Vagus X
- Superior laryngeal
branch supplies the 4th arch

Artery;
- 4th left gives the
aortic arch
- 4th right gives the
subclavian artery

50
Q

What structures develop from the sixth arch ?

A

Muscles
- All the muscles of the
larynx (6th arch)

Skeletal;
- Epiglottis
- Laryngeal cartilages
- Thyroid
- Cuneiform corniculate
- Arytenoids

Nerve;
- Vagus X
- Recurrent laryngeal
supplies the 6th
arch

Artery;
- 6th pulmonary
arteries (proximal)
- Ductus arteriosus

51
Q

What are some muscles of mastication and the arch they come from ?

A

Arch 1
- Temporalis
- Masseter

52
Q

What are some muscles of facial expression and the arch they come from ?

A

Arch 2
- Frontalis
- Obicularis occuli
- Obicularis oris
- Buccinator
- Posterior belly of digastric

53
Q

What are some muscles of stylopharyngeus and the arch they come from ?

A

Arch 3
- Stylopharygeus

54
Q

What are some muscles of constrictors + cricothyroid and the arch they come from ?

A

Arch’s 4+6
- Levator Veli Palatini
- Cricothyroid (arch 4)

55
Q

Name these structures and functions?

A

See image

56
Q

Name these 2 structures ?

A

Amygdala - Pink
Hippocampus - Orange

57
Q

What structure carries the signal from the amygdala?

A

Stria terminalis to Septal area and hypothalamus

58
Q

Name these 2 structures?

A

ACC and MCC

59
Q

What are these 2 structures ?

A

Lateral ventricle and Hippocampus

60
Q

Where is the Hippocampus located?

A
  • Deep in the temporal lobes
  • In floor of lateral ventricle
  • Looks like seahorse/rolled appearance
61
Q

Name these structures?

A

See image

62
Q

What is the blood supply of the Midbrain ?

A

See image

63
Q

What is the blood supply of the Pons ?

A

See image

64
Q

What is the blood supply of the Medulla ?

A

See image

65
Q

Name these parts of the eye?

A

See image

66
Q

Label these parts of the eye?

A

Retina
Macula
Optic nerve head
Fovea

67
Q

Name these structures ?

A

See image

68
Q

Label these structures

A

See image

69
Q

Name these structures?

A

See image

70
Q

Name these structures?

A

See image

71
Q

Name these structures and what defect would these lesions cause?

A

See image

72
Q

What structure is atrophied here ?

A

Atrophy of Caudate nucelus and Putamen - Huntington’s

73
Q

What structures are atrophied here?

A

Cortical atrophy, enlarged ventricles, loss of medial temporal lobes and hippocampus - Alzheimers

74
Q

Name these structures ?

A

See image

75
Q

Where is the pituitary and hypothalamus located?

A

Immediately posterior to the optic chiasma and sphenoid sinus

76
Q

Name these structures?

A

Optic chiasm and pituitary

MD4001 APE (11 decks)

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