All lab notes

Question 1

Fusiform

Answer 1

Spindle, or torpedo-like body shape,
fast, powerful swimmers.

Question 2

Compressiform

Answer 2

Laterally (side-to-side)
compressed. Often found around coral reefs,
aquatic vegetation, or other structures. Quick,
‘burst’ style swimmers.

Question 3

Depressiform

Answer 3

dorso-ventrally compressed
(flat). Often found in benthic environments
against the substrate for camouflage

Question 4

Sagittiform

Answer 4

‘Arrow-like’, quick burst
swimmers that ambush prey

Question 5

Globiform

Answer 5

Rounded or ‘globe-like’. Often
slow, weak swimmers. Many are venomous
or poisonous

Question 6

Anguiliform/Filiform:

Answer 6

Eel-like’, filiform are on
the extreme end and are ‘filamentous’. Very
efficient swimmers, often in benthic features
like crevices or vegetation.

Question 7

Taeniform

Answer 7

Combination of compressiform
and anguilliform – laterally compressed and
very elongated

Question 8

Placoid

Answer 8

cartilaginous fish, tooth-like

Question 9

Cosmoid

Answer 9

ancestral lobe-finned fish, flat, basal-looking

Question 10

Ganoid

Answer 10

ancestral bony fish, heavy, armor-like

Question 11

Cycloid

Answer 11

derived, usually spiny-rayed fish, round, smooth

Question 12

Ctenoid

Answer 12

derived, usually soft-rayed fish, comb-like projections

Question 13

Homocercal

Answer 13

modern development, symmetrical,
includes a variety of shapes

Question 14

Heterocercal

Answer 14

primitive form, necessary when fishes
had no swim bladder and were heavy in the front

Question 15

Protocercal

Answer 15

extends around vertebral column

Question 16

Diphycercal

Answer 16

equal lobes and with vertebral column
extending between the lobes

Question 17

Leptocercal

Answer 17

thin, long, tapering whip-like tail

Question 18

terminal mouth

Answer 18

normal orientation

Question 19

superior

Answer 19

upwards oriented

Question 20

inferior

Answer 20

downwards oriented

Question 21

Order: Myxiniformes

Answer 21

hagfish

Question 22

Order: Petromyzontiformes

Answer 22

lamprey

Question 23

subclass: Holocephali

Answer 23

chimaeras or ratfishes

Question 24

subclass:Elasmobranchii

Answer 24

sharks, rays, skates, sawfish

Question 25

Subclass Actinistia

Answer 25

coelacanths

Question 26

Subclass Dipnoi

Answer 26

lungfishes

Question 27

Order Acipenseriformes

Answer 27

modern sturgeons, paddlefishes

Question 28

Infraclass Holoste

Answer 28

gars and bowfin

Question 29

Non-guarders

Answer 29

• Open substratum egg scatters – pelagic, rock, plant, sand, terrestrial spawners
• Brood hiders – beach, cave, rock, invertebrate, fish

Question 30

Guarders

Answer 30

• Clutch tenders – pelagic, above water, rock, plant
• Nesters – froth, substrate, rock, gluemaking, plant, sand, hole, anemone

Question 31

Bearers

Answer 31

• External brooders – transfer, auxiliary, mouth, gill-chamber, pouch
• Internal live bearers – lecithotrophic, embryonic, histotrophic, placentotrophic, combined