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Computer Science GCSE 9-1 > All Keywords > Flashcards

All Keywords Flashcards

To make sure you understand all of the keywords required for the GCSE

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1
Q

Accumulator

A

Register that stores the results of any calculations made by the ALU.

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2
Q

Adware

A

Software that automatically displays advertising when a user is online

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3
Q

Algorithm

A

A series of steps designed to solve a mathematical or other problem

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4
Q

Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)

A

Performs all the arithmetic and logical operations within the CPU

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5
Q

Analogue

A

Continuously changing values

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6
Q

AND

A

A logic gate that outputs 1 if both inputs are 1

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7
Q

Application

A

Software designed to carry out a useful real-world task

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8
Q

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

A

A 7-bit code to represent a set of characters available to a computer

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9
Q

Assembler

A

Software that translates an assembly language program back into machine code

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10
Q

Assignment

A

Setting the value of a variable or constant

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11
Q

Binary

A

A number sytem based on 2, using just two symbols: 0 and 1

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12
Q

Bit

A

Binary digit 0 or 1: symbol b

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13
Q

Bit depth

A

The number bits used to store each sound sample

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14
Q

Bit rate

A

The number of bits used to to store a second of sampled sound

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15
Q

Boolean algebra

A

A method of expressing mathematically a logic circuit

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16
Q

Bus

A

A part of the computer architecture that transfers data and signals between the components of the computer

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17
Q

Byte

A

Eight bits : symbol B

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18
Q

Cache memory

A

Special high-speed memory used by a computer

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19
Q

Central processing unit (CPU)

A

Contains the control unit, ALU and cache memory

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20
Q

Channel

A

A communication link carried on any suitable medium such as a wire conductor , fibre-optic cable or wireless signal; for example a bit-stream can be sent between devices on a WLAN along a channel formed by a sub-frequency in a WIFI frequency band

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21
Q

Character set

A

The complete set of characters available to a computer

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22
Q

Clock chip

A

The electronic device in a computer that controls the timing of signals

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23
Q

Colour depth (bit depth)

A

The number of bits used for each pixel

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24
Q

Command line

A

The place where commands can be given to the operating system

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25
Q

Compression

A

Reduction in file size to lessen download times and storage requirements

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26
Q

Computational thinking

A

Applying the methods of computer scientists to problem solving

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27
Q

Computer architecture

A

The internal, logical structure and organisation of the computer hardware

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28
Q

Constant

A

A label referring to a location in memory containing a value that can be accessed but not changed by a program

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29
Q

Control system

A

Control machinery and probably only provide limited output for humans to respond to

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30
Q

Control unit

A

Works with the CPU to control the flow of data within the system and to decode instructions

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31
Q

Current instruction register (CIR)

A

Stores the next instruction ready to be decoded

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32
Q

De-encapsulation

A

Removing the data from inside an encapsulated item

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33
Q

Declaration

A

Identifying a variable, constant or array to a program so that memory can be allocated for it

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34
Q

Dedicated system

A

A system performing a single function or set of functions

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35
Q

Defragmenter

A

Software that brings together fragments of files on a disk and collects all the free space in one area

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36
Q

Denary

A

A number system based on 10, using ten digits: 0-9

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37
Q

Dual-core/quad-core processor

A

A CPU with multiple processors: a dual-core has two; a quad-core has four

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38
Q

Embedded system

A

A computer system that forms part of an electronic device

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39
Q

Encapsulation

A

Enclosing the data inside another data structure to form a single component

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40
Q

Ethernet

A

A set of standards used to connect devices in a LAN. Nowadays it tends to use mainly UTP and fibre-optic links or WiFi standards. Ethernet networks split messages into units called frames. Ethernet is still widely used and provides reliable and high-speed links.

41
Q

Fetch-decode-execute cycle

A

The process of fetching the instructions from memory , decoding them and then executing them that the CPU performs continuously

42
Q

File

A

Stored data saved on a suitable medium

43
Q

Firewall

A

Software that limits access to and from a computer system

44
Q

Firmware

A

Software that is stored permanently on a device

45
Q

General-purpose computer

A

Systems that can be programmed to perform a wide range of tasks

46
Q

Hexadecimal

A

A number system based on 16 that uses the symbols 0 - 9 and A - F (to represent the denary values 10 - 15)

47
Q

Instruction set

A

The complete set of instructions that a processor can handle

48
Q

Instructions

A

A set of commands that a processor can recognise and act upon

49
Q

Interoperable

A

The ability of different systems and software applications to communicate and exchange data, and to use the information that has been exchanged

50
Q

Iteration (repetition)

A

Where a group of instructions is executed repeatedly until a condition is met, or while a condition is true (a loop)

51
Q

Keylogger

A

A program that records every keystroke of the computer user; often used to gain confidential information in order to commit fraud

52
Q

Kilobyte

A

1024 bytes

53
Q

Layering

A

Rules organised into a distinct order in which they need to be applied

54
Q

Logic circuit

A

A circuit made by combining a sequence of logic gates

55
Q

Logic error

A

When the logical structure of a program produces unexpected results

56
Q

Logic gate

A

A circuit that produces an output based on the inputs

57
Q

Memory address register (MAR)

A

Stores the location for data to be fetched from or sent to memory

58
Q

Memory data register (MDR)

A

Stores data that has been fetched from or is waiting to be sent to memory

59
Q

Metadata

A

Data about data. In the case of an image, information about the image data that allows the computer to recreate the image from the binary data in the file

60
Q

Non-volatile memory

A

Retains data even when the power is turned off

61
Q

NOT

A

A logic gate that outputs the opposite value to the input

62
Q

Object code

A

The machine code produced by the compiler

63
Q

Opcode

A

The part of the instruction that tells the CPU what operation is to be done

64
Q

Operand

A

The part of the instruction that tells the CPU what to apply the operation to

65
Q

OR

A

A logic gate that outputs 1 if either, or both, or the two inputs is 1

66
Q

Overflow

A

When a number becomes too large to store in the number of bits allocated, it is said to ‘overflow’ and some bits are ‘lost’, leaving an incorrect value

67
Q

Pixel

A

A pixel is the smallest element of an image. Pixels are the dots that make the image on the screen

68
Q

Platform

A

A combination of hardware and operating system that supports the running of particular applications

69
Q

Program

A

A self-contained set of instructions that can be stored and used by the processor

70
Q

Program Counter (PC)

A

Stores the location of the next instruction in a program to be executed

71
Q

Programming language

A

A means of writing programs in a form that can be passed to a computer to process

72
Q

Protocol

A

Set of rules and standards governing how networks should function and communicate

73
Q

Random access memory (RAM)

A

The main memory of a computer that stores data, applications and the operating system while in use. When the power is turned off, RAM loses its data

74
Q

Resolution

A

The number of pixels or dots per unit, for example ppi (pixels per inch) or dpi (dots per inch)

75
Q

Sample rate

A

The number of times sound is sampled per second, measured in kHz

76
Q

Scheduling

A

The process of arranging, controlling and optimising work and workloads

77
Q

Selection

A

A condition to decide a path through the program and which instructions to execute next

78
Q

Sequence

A

When a list of instructions is carried out in order, one after the other

79
Q

Software

A

The general term for computer programs

80
Q

Source code

A

The program written by the end user in a high-level language before it’s converted to machine code

81
Q

Spyware

A

Malicious software that detects what the user is doing and sends details back to the originator of the spyware

82
Q

Syntax error

A

When the rules of a language are broken by a program

83
Q

TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

A

A set of protocols that governs the transfer of data over a network

84
Q

Translation

A

The conversion of human-friendly program writing back to pure machine code

85
Q

Translator

A

A program that converts high-level or assembly-level commands into machine code

86
Q

Trojan horse

A

Harmful software disguised as something useful

87
Q

Truth table

A

A method for recording all possible input combinations and determining the output for each

88
Q

Typecast

A

Casting a variable using str, int or float

89
Q

Unicode

A

A character set that uses code pages to provide a range of language symbols. There are several billion possible character codes available to Unicode

90
Q

Utility

A

A small program designed to carry out a limited maintenance task

91
Q

UTP (unshielded twisted pair)

A

A common connecting cable made from copper wiring; two wires are twisted around each other to minimise induction and cross-talk between the cables

92
Q

Variable

A

A label that refers to a location in memory containing a value that can be accessed or changed by a program

93
Q

Virtual machine

A

An emulation or simulation of a particular computer system or platform that allows programs intended to run on one computer system to run on a different one

94
Q

Virtual memory

A

A section of the hard disk used as if it were RAM to supplement the amount of main memory available to the computer

95
Q

Virus

A

A piece of code capable of copying itself, which may damage a system by corrupting it or destroying data

96
Q

Volatile memory

A

Loses data when there is no power

97
Q

WiFi

A

A common standard for wireless connectivity based on a standard known as IEEE 802.11. This is a good example of how widely accepted standards have led to practical solutions for connecting devices

98
Q

Worm

A

Self-replicating, malicious software that can spread through a system or network

Computer Science GCSE 9-1 (1 decks)

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