All Key Terms Flashcards
Concrete Noun
Anything that physically exists
E.g. table, oxygen, chair, etc.
Abstract Noun
Anything that exists in the mind (mental constructs)
E.g. happiness, sadness, beauty, etc.
Collective Noun
Used to refer to groups or people or things
E.g. an (army) of ants
Proper Noun
Names, Names of places, Months / Day
Dynamic Verb
Physical actions we can see
E.g. running, sitting, etc.
Stative Verb
Action which are a state of mind and cannot be seen
E.g. think, determine, etc.
Lexical Verb
A verb in which no action occurs; can identify tense
(Similar to an aux. verb being used alone)
E.g. my head was sore
Auxiliary Verb
A verb which aids a main verb; can identify tense
Modal verbs fall into this category
E.g. Kady is walking (is)
Modal Verb
Predicts / Determines future events
Main Verb
Main Action
Attributive Adjective
Gives a noun a plain description
E.g. “a red car” (red)
Comparative Adjective
Used to compare one thing to another.
more / less / er
E.g. slower
Superlative Adjective
Used to push nouns to their most extreme form
most / least / est
E.g. cutest, least cool, etc.
Possessive Pronoun
Shows possession
E.g. His / Hers / Theirs
Reflexive Pronoun
Links back to subject / object
- Add self/selves
E.g. they drove themselves insane
Main Clause
Works independently in a sentence
Subordinate Clause
Cannot work alone in a sentence
Simple Sentence
Has no conjunction
- Just a simple clause
Compound Setence
Consists of only main clauses
Complex Sentence
Has either / both of the clauses
Subject
What or who does the action
Object
What or who is affected by the verb
Complement
Additional info in a sentence
Imperative Sentences
Commands / Demands others to do something
Interrogative Sentences
Questions
Exclamative Sentences
Expressions
Declarative Sentences
Conveys information
Free Morpheme
Morpheme that can stand alone (typically is a word)
- Can miss / replace singular letters
Bound Morpheme
Cannot work alone
- Must be connected to a free morpheme
Affix & Types of
A grammatical element that is combined with a word stem to to produce derived or inflected forms
- Prefix / Infix / Suffix / Circumfix
Suffix
An affix placed at the end of a word stem
- e.g. slow(ly) / cat(s) / ask(ed)
Prefix
An affix placed at the beginning of a word stem
- Typically changes the meaning of a word (happy -> unhappy)
Inflectional Morphology
When morphology is used to show plurals / tense
- e.g. present to past tense: skip -> skipped
- e.g. singular to plural: lion -> lions
Derivational Morphology
When morphology is used to alter word class
- e.g. adjective to noun: slow -> slowness
Circumfix
An affix consisting of two parts; one placed at the end of a word stem and one at the beginning (prefix and suffix together)
- e.g. enlighten (en)
Adfix
An affix attached to the outer stem of a word to form a new word
Productive Affixes
Word formation process:
New words are coined by the use of affixes
- e.g. ness; can be applied to the majority of words to change meaning
Infix
A word is placed between 2 morphemes for rhetorical effect
- e.g. abso-bloody-lutely
Present Simple Tense
An action in the present that happens often or is factual
- Often formed by suffix ‘s’ / ‘es’
E.g. He speaks
Present Continuous Tense
An action in the present only taking place for a limited time / arranged for the future
- Am / is / are
E.g. He is speaking
Present Perfect Tense
A past action that is related to or continue into the present
- Have / has
E.g. He has been speaking
Adverb of Manner
How something is done
E.g. furiously / quickly / etc.
Adverb of Degree
Extent to which something is done
E.g. Hardly / almost / etc.
Adverb of Time / Temporal Adverb
When something is done
E.g. Today / Tomorrow / etc.
Adverb of Frequency
How often something happens
E.g. Sometimes / Always / etc.
