All Flashcards
After initial prescription of metformin, what is the preferred anti-hyperglycaemic medication in T2DM with ischaemic heart disease?
What are the side effects of this medication? What emergencies are there related to this medication?
SGLT2 Inhibitors e.g., dapagliflozin, empagliflozin
Side effects include hypoglycaemia, increased UTI incidence.
Emergencies include euglycaemic ketoacidosis and Fournier’s gangrene
What examination sign / technique is useful in the diagnosis of dry AMRD? What is the positive sign in this technique?
Amsler grid testing - distortion of line perception
What is Kaposi’s sarcoma? What is the causative agent of this?
Flat purple patches developing inside the mouth, on the feet, calves and shins of HIV +ve patients
Caused by HHV8
What is the Finkelstein test?
Test for De Quervain’s tenosynovitis
Pain on radial styloid on forced abduction / flexion of the thumb
What are the INFECTIVE causes of erythema nodosum?
Streptococci
Tuberculosis
Brucellosis
What are the SYSTEMIC causes of erythema nodosum?
Sarcoidosis
IBD
Behcet’s
Malignancy
Lymphoma
Pregnancy
What MEDICATIONS can cause erythema nodosum?
Penicillins
Sulphonamides
COCP
What is the most common inherited thrombophilia?
Factor V Leiden - also known as ACTIVATED protein C resistance
What form of contraception causes a delay in return to fertility?
Progesterone only injectable contraceptive (depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection) - can take up to 10-18 months to return to fertility
What is rosacea?
Chronic skin disease of unknown aetiology
Affects nose, cheeks, forehead
Symptoms include flushing (first), telangiectasia, progressing to persistent erythema, papules, pustules
Can have rhinophyma
Can have ocular involvement in the form of blepharitis
Can be exacerbated by sunlight
What blood tests should be monitored in haemochromatosis undergoing venesection?
FBC
Serum ferritin
Transferrin saturation
Is St. John’s Wort an inducer or inhibitor of P450 system?
Inducer
What is the most common causative organism of traveller’s diarrhoea?
E.coli
What antiemetic is safe to use in Parkinson’s?
Domperidone
What electrolyte / metabolic abnormalities can be seen in Addison’s disease?
HYPERkalaemia
Metabolic acidosis
HYPOglycaemia
HYPOnatraemia
What is the MOA of bupropion?
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, nicotinic antagonist
What CT head changes are seen in herpes simplex encephalitis?
Temporal lobe changes e.g., hypodensities
