All equations

Question 1

S_N2 rate equation

Answer 1

Rate= K [R-Hal][Nu]

Question 2

S_N1 rate equation

Answer 2

Rate= K[R-Hal]

Question 3

Total internal energy of a system

Answer 3

U= W + q

Question 4

Kinetic energy

Answer 4

E_kin= 1/2 mV²

Question 5

work

Answer 5

w = f x d

Question 6

Newtons law of force

Answer 6

F = m x a

Question 7

Coulombs law

Answer 7

F = Kq₁q₂ / r²

Question 8

energy

Answer 8

E = P x V

Question 9

Change in enthalpy

Answer 9

∆H = ∆U + p∆V

Question 10

entropy

Answer 10

S= K_B ln (omega)

Question 11

Change in entropy

Answer 11

-∆S= ∆H / T

Question 12

spontaneous reaction with entropy

Answer 12

∆S_total = ∆S_system + ∆S_surroundings >0

Question 13

Gibbs free energy

Answer 13

∆G = ∆H - T∆S

Question 14

Probability of number of particles in a system

Answer 14

P (N, N_L) = N! / (N - N_L)! x 0.5^N

Question 15

spontaneous reaction with free energy

Answer 15

∆G_total = ∆G_products - ∆G_reactants <0

Question 16

K_c

Answer 16

Question 17

Q

Answer 17

Question 18

Van’t Hoff isotherm

Answer 18

∆G⁰ = - RT ln K

K = e^{(∆G^0 / RT)}

Question 19

∆G

Answer 19

∆G = - nfe

Question 20

the two versions of the Nernst equation

Answer 20

E= E^ø - (RT/ nF) ln Q (Q= [red]/[ox])

E= E^ø + (RT/nF) ln Q (Q= [ox]/[red])

Question 21

equations relating pH and H+

Answer 21

PH= -log₁₀[H+]

H+= 10^-pH

Question 22

Nernst equation generalising the pH effect

Answer 22

E = (RTV/nF) x (-pH)

Question 23

Rate of collision

Answer 23

πr²V_R[A][B]

Question 24

collision theory law and constant

Answer 24

Rate= K [A][B]

K= πr²V_Re^{(-Ea/ RT)}

Question 25

The differential law for zero, first and second order reactions

Answer 25

Zero: rate = K

first: rate = K[A]
second: rate= K[A]²

Question 26

The integrated rate equation for zero, first and second order reactions

Answer 26

Zero: [A]_t = [A]₀ - kt

first: [A]_t = [A]₀ e^-kt
second: [A]_t = [A]₀ / 1 + kt [A]₀

Question 27

First order half life

Answer 27

t_1/2 = ln 2 / k

Question 28

Arrhenius equation (both versions)

Answer 28

K= Ae^{(-Ea /RT)}

K= Ae^{(-Ea’/K_BT)}

Question 29

activation energy

Answer 29

E_a = - gradient x R

Question 30

Counting efficiency

Answer 30

counting efficiency = CPM / DPM

Question 31

Partial pressure

Answer 31

P_A = X_A x P

Question 32

Mole fraction

Answer 32

X_A = number of moles of substance A/ total number of moles of all substances

Question 33

K_p

Answer 33

Question 34

K_a

Answer 34

Question 35

relationship between pH and PKa

Answer 35

pH= 10 ^-PKa

PKa= -log₁₀[pH]

Question 36

K_w

Answer 36

K_w = [OH-][H+]

Question 37

energy

Answer 37

E= hu

Question 38

Beer Lambert Law

Answer 38

log₁₀ (I₀ / I_t) = OD= ecl