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LSM3211 > All Drugs List > Flashcards

All Drugs List Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Wide Therapeutic Index >100

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2
Q

Insulin

A

Animal Sources (Pigs/Cows)

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3
Q

Warfarin

A

Anti-coagulant, Vd = 8L, narrow TI <10

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4
Q

Lithium

A

Small size 70Da, narrow TI <10

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5
Q

mAb

A

Biologics

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6
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Chemical synthesis, TI >100, racemic mixture

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7
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic; don’t need to bind to receptor to have response

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8
Q

Atropine

A

Plant source (Atropa)

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9
Q

Cocaine

A

Sodium channel blocker; local anaesthetic

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10
Q

Lidocaine

A

Sodium channel blocker; local anaesthetic

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11
Q

Verapamil

A

Calcium channel blocker; hypertension, angina, cardiac arrythmias

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12
Q

Aspirin

A

Solid Drug (180 Da)

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13
Q

Benzodiazepine

A

GABA channel regulator; anti-anxiety, anti-epileptic, sedative-hypnotics

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14
Q

α-bungaratoxin

A

Nicotinic ACh receptor antagonist

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15
Q

Activated charcoal

A

Chemical antagonists

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16
Q

Losartan/Valsartan

A

Angiotensin receptor antagonist; hypertension (less cough), heart failure

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17
Q

Antacids

A

Aluminium/Magnesium Hydroxide; don’t need to bind to receptors

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18
Q

Aliskiren

A

Renin inhibitor; hypertension

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19
Q

Desmopressin

A

Vasopressin receptor (V2) agonist; ADH sensitive diabetes insipidus

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20
Q

Conivaptan

A

Vasopressin receptor (non-selective) antagonist; hyponatremia due to SIADH

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21
Q

Penicillin ADE

A

Type B event (anaphylaxis)

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22
Q

Enalapril/Captopril

A

ACE Inhibitor; hypertension, heart failure

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23
Q

NSAIDs ADE

A

Type C event (nephrotoxicity)

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24
Q

Corticosteroids ADE

A

Type E event (HPA axis insufficiency crisis)

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25
Q

Antihistamines ADE

A

Type A event (drowsiness)

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26
Q

Codeine ADE

A

Idiosyncratic (flushing, Red Man syndrome)

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27
Q

Formoterol

A

β₂ adrenergic receptor agonist; anti-asthma drug

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28
Q

Phenylephrine

A

α₁ adrenergic receptor agonist; nasal decongestant

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29
Q

Steroids immune System Side Effects

A

Infections: Fungal, viral, bacterial, parasitic

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30
Q

Cetirizine

A

H₁ receptor antagonist; allergy

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31
Q

Montelukast

A

LTD₄ receptor antagonist; anti-asthma drug

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32
Q

Fingolimod

A

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate receptor agonist; Multiple Sclerosis

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33
Q

Hemicholinium

A

Choline uptake inhibitor

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34
Q

Vesamicol

A

Vesicular ACh transporter inhibitor

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35
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

Prevent ACh release; dystonia, cosmetics

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36
Q

Pralidoxime

A

Reactivates cholinesterase; antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity

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37
Q

Atropine

A

Non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist; Antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity

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38
Q

Bethanechol

A

Muscarinic receptor agonist (non-selective); Treat urinary retention

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39
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic receptor agonist (non-selective); Glaucoma

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40
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Nicotinic receptor agonist (depolarising blocker); initial twitch and persistent depolarisation; anesthesia for rapid endotracheal intubation

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41
Q

Pancuronium

A

Nicotinic receptor competitive antagonist (non-depolarising blocker); Muscle relaxation and paralysis

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42
Q

Edrophonium

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor (short acting); Reversal of neuromuscular block, diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

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43
Q

Neostigmine/Pyridostigmine/Physostigmine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor (intermediate acting); Reversal of neuromuscular block, treatment of myasthenia

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44
Q

Parathion

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor (long acting); insecticide only

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45
Q

Norepinephrine

A

α/β adrenergic receptor agonist; not used clinically

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46
Q

Epinephrine

A

α/β adrenergic receptor agonist; asthma (emergency treatment), anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest

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47
Q

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine side effects

A

Hypertension, vasoconstriction, tachycardia (or reflex bradycardia), ventricular dysrhythmias

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48
Q

Salbutamol

A

β₂ adrenergic receptor agonist; asthma, premature labour

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49
Q

Salbutamol side effects

A

β₂ receptor agonist –> tachycardia, dysrhythmias, tremor

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50
Q

Phenylephrine

A

α₁ adrenergic receptor agonist; nasal decongestion

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51
Q

Phenylephrine Side Effects

A

α₁ receptor agonist –> hypertension, reflex bradycardia

52
Q

Clonidine

A

α₁ adrenergic receptor partial agonist; Hypertension, migraine

53
Q

Clonidine Side Effects

A

α₁ receptor partial agonist –> drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain

54
Q

Propranolol

A

β adrenergic receptor antagonist (non-selective); angina, hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, anxiety, tremor, glaucoma

55
Q

Propranolol Side Effects

A

β receptor antagonist –> bronchoconstriction, cardiac failure, hypoglycemia, fatigue, depression

56
Q

α-methyl-p-tyrosine

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor; Pheochromocytoma (NA/ADR secreting tumor of adrenal medulla)

57
Q

Reserpine

A

Vesicular monoamine transporter inhibitor; Hypertension, mood disorders (schizophrenia)

58
Q

Reserpine Side Effects

A

VMAT inhibitor –> dizziness, drowsiness, irregular heartbeat, depression

59
Q

Amphetamine

A

NA release, MAO inhibitor, NET inhibitor, CNS stimulant (indirect acting sympathomimetic); CNS stimulant in narcolepsy, in hyperactive children, appetite suppressant, drug of abuse

60
Q

Amphetamine Side Effects

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, dependence, Acute psychosis with overdose

61
Q

Ephedrine

A

NA release, β agonist, weak CNS stimulant (indirect acting sympathomimetic)

62
Q

Ephedrine Side Effects

A

hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, dependence

63
Q

Tyramine

A

NA release (indirect acting sympathomimetic); no clinical uses, present in various foods

64
Q

Cocaine

A

inhibits reuptake of NA, serotonin, dopamine (NET blocker)

65
Q

Moclobemide

A

MAO inhibitor; Anti-depressant

66
Q

Cetirizine

A

H₁ receptor inverse agonist (2nd generation); Allergic reactions: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria

67
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

H₁ receptor inverse agonist (1st generation)

68
Q

Diphenhydramine Uses

A

Motion sickness, vertigo, nausea and vomiting, insomnia and perioperation (sedation)

69
Q

Fexofenadine

A

H₁ receptor inverse agonist (2nd generation); Allergic reactions: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria
0% receptor occupancy in CNS

70
Q

Loratadine

A

H₁ receptor inverse agonist (2nd generation); Allergic reactions: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria

71
Q

Promethazine

A

H₁ receptor inverse agonist (1st generation); Motion sickness, vertigo, insomnia and perioperation (sedation)

72
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

H₁ receptor inverse agonist (2nd generation); Motion sickness, vertigo, insomnia and perioperation (sedation)

73
Q

1st Gen Antihistamines Side Effects

A

Sedation, decreased alertness, memory; dry mouth/eyes, urinary retention, sinus tachycardia, blurred vision, constipation; postural hypotension, dizziness; weight gain; ventricular arrhythmias; euphoria/hallucinations (drug abuse)

74
Q

Contraindication for 1st gen antihistamines

A

Patients with glaucoma or prostatic hyperplasia

75
Q

Aspirin

A

Weakly COX-1 selective inhibitor; Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, blood thinner

76
Q

Celecoxib

A

COX-2 selective inhibitor; Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

77
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Weakly COX-1 selective inhibitor; Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic

78
Q

Naproxen

A

Weakly COX-1 selective inhibitor; Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic
(half life = 15h)

79
Q

Paracetamol

A

CNS selective COX (maybe COX-3) inhibitor; Analgesic, Antipyretic, pediatric use

80
Q

Aspirin side effects

A

Bleeding (blood thinner); aspirin-induced asthma; aspirin-induced Reye’s syndrome

81
Q

NSAIDs adverse effects

A

N&V, gastric upset/ulcers; pseudo-allergic reactions; heart attack/stroke; renal failure, hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, H2O retention; dizziness, deafness, tinnitus

82
Q

Prednisone

A

Cortisone + C=C; inactive prodrug

83
Q

Prednisolone

A

From Prednisone reduction; Systemic anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects

84
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

Prednisolone + CH3; no mineralocorticoid activity; Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive

85
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Prednisone + F + CH3; no mineralocorticoid activity; Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive
Long duration of action (72 hours)

86
Q

Steroids Endocrine/Metabolic Side Effects

A

Hyperglycemia, moon face, buffalo hump (fat redistribution), muscle wasting, growth retardation, delayed wound healing, skin thinning, bruising, increased appetite/weight gain, Na/Fluid retention, edema

87
Q

Steroids Musculoskeletal Side Effects

A

Osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, myopathy

88
Q

Steroids Nervous System Side Effects

A

Mood swing, euphoria, depression, psychosis

89
Q

Steroids Side Effects in Eye

A

Cataract, glaucoma

90
Q

Steroids GIT Side Effects

A

GI bleeding

91
Q

Steroids Withdrawal Phenomena

A

Lethargy, headache, fever, joint pain, HPA insufficiency crisis –> must taper dose gradually

92
Q

Ciclosporin

A

Calcineurin inhibitor
T-cell selective immunosuppressant, reduces CD4 production of cytokines

93
Q

Ciclosporin Side Effects

A

Hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, gum hyperplasia

94
Q

Sirolimus

A

mTOR inhibitor, inhibits IL-2 mediated proliferation of B and T cells (anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic activities)

95
Q

Sirolimus Side Effects

A

Hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia

96
Q

Azathioprine

A

Cytotoxic immunosuppressant, inhibits DNA/RNA/purine synthesis → reduced lymphocyte proliferation
Renal transplant and various autoimmune disorders (as triple therapy)

97
Q

Azathioprine Side Effects

A

Bone marrow depression: leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, GI toxicity, neoplasia

98
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF)

A

Cytotoxic immunosuppressant, inhibits enzyme of de novo purine synthesis (selective to T/B-cell)
Selective anti-proliferative effects
Less bone marrow depression as compared to Azathioprine

99
Q

MMF Side Effects

A

Diarrheoa, neutropenia (viral/fungal infections), anemia, hypertension

100
Q

Fingolimod

A

Sphingosine 1 P receptor agonist (non-selective)
Multiple Sclerosis
Half-life = 8 days

101
Q

Fingolimod Side Effects

A

“First-dose” bradycardia/heart block, hypertension, increased liver enzymes, GI upset

102
Q

Polyclonal Antibodies

A

Polyclonal IgG: horse and rabbit

103
Q

Polyclonal antibodies side effects

A

“First-dose” cytokine storm: fever/chill/hypotension, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, serum sickness, development of anti-IgG antibodies

104
Q

Monoclonal antibodies

A

Anti-IL2Rα mAb: induction therapy (immunosuppression during transplantation)

105
Q

Monoclonal Antibodies Side Effects

A

“First-dose” flu-like syndrome: fever, headache, cytokine storm, anaphylaxis and serum sickness, increased risk of infection

106
Q

Fluticasone

A

Inhaled corticosteroid (anti-inflammatory effects); 1st line prophylactic asthma therapy; nocturnal asthma

107
Q

ICS Side Effects

A

Oropharyngeal candidiasis, dysphonia, cough/throat irritation, easy bruising of skin (elderly), adrenal suppression, cataracts, osteoporosis

108
Q

Formoterol

A

β₂ adrenergic receptor agonist (bronchodilator) (LABA)
ICS-Formoterol → “rescue reliever” for asthma attacks, long term maintenance of asthma

109
Q

Salbutamol

A

β₂ adrenergic receptor agonist (bronchodilator) (SABA) If on ICS-LABA maintenance, SABA can be used as “rescue reliever” for asthma attacks

110
Q

β₂ agonist side effects

A

Fine tremors, muscle cramps, peripheral vasodilation, palpitations and tachycardia, hypokalemia/hyperglycemia

111
Q

Ipratropium bromide

A

Muscarinic antagonist (SAMA); Adjunct therapy with ICS and β₂ agonists

112
Q

Tiotropium bromide

A

Muscarinic antagonist (LAMA); COPD and severe asthma

114
Q

Montelukast

A

LTD₄ (leukotriene) receptor antagonist (competitive GPCR antagonist) → anti-inflammatory effects
Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma, aspirin-induced asthma, exercise-induced asthma

115
Q

Theophylline

A

PDE inhibitor, Adenosine receptor inhibitor; Anti-inflammatory effects; adjunct therapy with ICS and β₂ agonists

116
Q

Theophylline Side Effects

A

GI: N/V, anorexia, abdominal discomfort; CNS: nervousness, tremor, seizures, anxiety, headache; CVS: arrhythmias

117
Q

Anti-IgE mAb

A

Humanised mAb against IgE, Decreases allergic inflammation, prevents exacerbation of asthma and cures symptoms (severe asthmatics)

118
Q

Anti-IL-5/IL-5Rα mAb

A

mAb against IL-5 and IL-5 receptor, reduces all eosinophil pathways, severe asthmatics

119
Q

Anti-IL-4Rα mAb

A

mAb against IL-4 and IL-13 pathways of asthma development, severe asthmatics

120
Q

Anti-TSLP mAb

A

mAb against Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin, severe asthmatics

121
Q

Biologics Drugs for Asthma

A

Anti-IgE, Anti-IL-5/IL-5Rα, Anti-IL-4Rα, Anti-TSLP

122
Q

Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra)

A

PDE5 inhibitor (cGMP analogue), Erectile dysfunction
(Fast, short duration)

123
Q

Tadalafil

A

PDE5 inhibitor (cGMP analogue), Erectile dysfunction
(Slow, long duration)

124
Q

Roflumilast

A

PDE4 inhibitor, Anti-COPD, Anti-asthma

125
Q

Nitroglycerine

A

Vasodilator (NO), Angina pectoris

126
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Vasodilator (NO), Hypertensive crisis

LSM3211 (1 decks)

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