Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 2 Exam 4 > All Drugs Exam 4 > Flashcards

All Drugs Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G

A

Drug Class/Route: Natural Penicillin IV and IM
Indication/Spectrum: Highest antibacterial activity w/ Gram +’ve and some Gram -‘ve
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation,
Contraindications: Potential Allergy and can’t given in combo with protein synth inhibitor
Adverse Effects: Competes with other acids in the kidneys
Resistance: B-Lacatamases/Penicillinases
Notes: Eliminated by the kidneys with poor CNS penetration DOC Gram +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Penicillin V

A

Drug Class/Route: Natural Penicillin ORAL
Indication/Spectrum: Highest antibacterial activity w/ Gram +’ve and some Gram -‘ve
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation,
Contraindications: Potential Allergy and can’t given in combo with protein synth inhibitor
Adverse Effects: Competes with other acids in the kidneys
Resistance: B-Lacatamases/Penicillinases
Notes: Eliminated by the kidneys with poor CNS penetration DOC Gram +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nafcillin

A

Drug Class/Route: Penicillinase Resistance IV/IM
Indication/Spectrum: lower activity of Gram +’ve with some Gram -‘ve DOC for penicillinase producing S. aures(MSSA)
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation,
Contraindications: Potential Allergy and can’t given in combo with protein synth inhibitor
Adverse Effects:
Resistance: Resistance to Penicillinase
Notes: Hepatic Metabolism and Renal Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oxacillin

A

Drug Class/Route: Penicillinase Resistance Oral
Indication/Spectrum: lower activity of Gram +’ve with some Gram -‘ve DOC for penicillinase producing S. aures(MSSA)
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation,
Contraindications: Potential Allergy and can’t given in combo with protein synth inhibitor
Adverse Effects:
Resistance: Resistance to Penicillinase
Notes: Hepatic Metabolism and Renal Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Methicillin

A

Drug Class/Route: Penicillinase Resistance
Indication/Spectrum: TESTING ONLY
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation,
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects:
Resistance:
Notes:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ampicillin

A

Drug Class/Route: Extended Spectrum ORAL
Indication/Spectrum: Lower G+ coverage but Extended Gram -‘ve coverage
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation,
Contraindications: Potential Allergy and can’t given in combo with protein synth inhibitor
Adverse Effects: RASH Not necessarily Hypersensitivity
Resistance: B-Lacatamases/Penicillinases Need to use B-Lactamase Inhibitor in Combo
Notes: Extended Gram Coverage, Urinary Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Drug Class/Route: Extended Spectrum ORAL
Indication/Spectrum: Lower G+ coverage but Extended Gram -‘ve coverage
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation,
Contraindications: Potential Allergy and can’t given in combo with protein synth inhibitor
Adverse Effects: RASH Not necessarily Hypersensitivity
Resistance: B-Lacatamases/Penicillinases Need to use B-Lactamase Inhibitor in Combo
Notes: Extended Gram Coverage, Urinary Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pipercillian

A

Drug Class/Route: Antipseudomonal IV
Indication/Spectrum: * P. Aeruginsoa*
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation,
Contraindications: Potential Allergy and can’t given in combo with protein synth inhibitor
Adverse Effects:
Resistance: B-Lacatamases/Penicillinases Need to use B-Lactamase Inhibitor in Combo
Notes: DOC Pseudomonal Use in combo with Aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ticarcillin

A

Drug Class/Route: Antipseudomonal IV
Indication/Spectrum: DOC P. Aeruginsoa
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation,
Contraindications: Potential Allergy and can’t given in combo with protein synth inhibitor
Adverse Effects:
Resistance: B-Lacatamases/Penicillinases Need to use B-Lactamase Inhibitor in Combo
Notes: DOC Pseudomonal Use in combo with Aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

B-lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, ticarcillian and Piperacillin to extend the spectrum of penicillinase susceptible… Not active for MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cefazolin

A

Drug Class/Route: First Generation Cephalosporin IM OR IV
Indication/Spectrum: Good activity for G+ bacteria with some G -‘ve DOC for SX prophylaxis
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation. Has 7-mythl group for increased Penicillinase resistance
Contraindications: Dose dependent renal toxicity when paired with Aminoglycoside
Adverse Effects: Superinfection, Disulfram RXN Allergy(10% cross RXN) Renal Tubular Necrosis
Resistance: Increased B-lactamase Resistance
Notes: Renal Excretion DOC SX Prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cephalexin

A

Drug Class/Route: First Generation Cephalosporin ORAL
Indication/Spectrum: Good activity for G+ bacteria with some G -‘ve
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation. Has 7-mythl group for increased Penicillinase resistance
Contraindications: Dose dependent renal toxicity when paired with Aminoglycoside
Adverse Effects: Superinfection, Disulfram RXN Allergy(10% cross RXN) Renal Tubular Necrosis
Resistance: Increased B-lactamase Resistance
Notes: Renal Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cefaclor

A

Drug Class/Route: 2nd Generation Cephalosporin ORAL
Indication/Spectrum: Good activity for G+ bacteria with some G -‘ve
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation. Has 7-mythl group for increased Penicillinase resistance
Contraindications: Dose dependent renal toxicity when paired with Aminoglycoside
Adverse Effects: Superinfection, Disulfram RXN Allergy(10% cross RXN) Renal Tubular Necrosis
Resistance: Increased B-lactamase Resistance
Notes: Renal Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cefurxomine

A

Drug Class/Route: 2nd Generation Cephalosporin IV or IM
Indication/Spectrum: Good activity for G+ bacteria with some G -‘ve
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation. Has 7-mythl group for increased Penicillinase resistance
Contraindications: Dose dependent renal toxicity when paired with Aminoglycoside
Adverse Effects: Superinfection, Disulfram RXN Allergy(10% cross RXN) Renal Tubular Necrosis
Resistance: Increased B-lactamase Resistance
Notes: Renal Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Drug Class/Route: 3rd Generation Cephalosporin IV or IM
Indication/Spectrum: Good activity for G+ bacteria with some G -‘ve
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation. Has 7-mythl group for increased Penicillinase resistance
Contraindications: No Neonates, Billrubin
Adverse Effects: Superinfection, Disulfram RXN Allergy(10% cross RXN) Renal Tubular Necrosis
Resistance: Increased B-lactamase Resistance
Notes: Renal Excretion DOC N. Gonnorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cefixime

A

Drug Class/Route: 3rd Generation Cephalosporin ORAL
Indication/Spectrum: Good activity for G+ bacteria with some G -‘ve
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation. Has 7-mythl group for increased Penicillinase resistance
Contraindications: Dose dependent renal toxicity when paired with Aminoglycoside
Adverse Effects: Superinfection, Disulfram RXN Allergy(10% cross RXN) Renal Tubular Necrosis
Resistance: Increased B-lactamase Resistance
Notes: Renal Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cefepime

A

Drug Class/Route: 4thGeneration Cephalosporin IV
Indication/Spectrum: Good activity for G+ bacteria with some G -‘ve
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation. Has 7-mythl group for increased Penicillinase resistance
Contraindications: Dose dependent renal toxicity when paired with Aminoglycoside
Adverse Effects: Superinfection, Disulfram RXN Allergy(10% cross RXN) Renal Tubular Necrosis
Resistance: Increased B-lactamase Resistance
Notes: Empirical Therapy, Broad Coverage Enterobacteriacee, MSSA, Pseudomonsas EMERGENT SITUATION Renal Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ceftraloine

A

Drug Class/Route: 5th Generation Cephalosporin IV
Indication/Spectrum: Good activity for G+ bacteria with some G -‘ve
MOA Bactericidal Targets PBPs but need a growing cell well with Autolysins Prevents the cross linking of transpeptidation. Has 7-mythl group for increased Penicillinase resistance
Contraindications: Dose dependent renal toxicity when paired with Aminoglycoside
Adverse Effects: Superinfection, Disulfram RXN Allergy(10% cross RXN) Renal Tubular Necrosis
Resistance: Increased B-lactamase Resistance
Notes: MRSA/VRSA ONLY NO ANTIPSEUDOMONAL Renal Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vancomycin

A

Drug Class/Route: Other IV
Indication/Spectrum: DOC MRSA Only Gram + ORAL for C-Diff
MOA Binds to D-ala-D-ala
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: ototoxic and nephrotoxic… Redmans Syndrome(Flushing of Histamine
Resistance: Mutation of terminal D-ala will make it unusable, no binding.
Notes:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Erythromycin

A

Drug Class/Route: Macrolides Oral and IV
Indication/Spectrum: Similar to Pen G with G+ most susceptible
MOA Bacteriostatic Reversibly binds to the 50S subunit
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: GI Symptoms and Most CYP interactions(Inhibitor), Prolonged QT(lowest of Macrolides)
Resistance: Majority are G- resistant. Efflux pumps and Methylation of the binding site to inactive, no ribosomal activity
Notes: Potent CYP INHIBITOR could lead to increased concentration of other drugs… Hepatotoxic and Hyperbuliema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clarithromyocin

A

Drug Class/Route: Macrolides Oral
Indication/Spectrum: Similar to Pen G with G+ most susceptible
MOA Bacteriostatic Reversibly binds to the 50S subunit
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: LEAST GI Symptoms and CYP interactions(Inhibitor), Prolonged QT
Resistance: Majority are G- resistant. Efflux pumps and Methylation of the binding site to inactive, no ribosomal activity
Notes: CYP INHIBITOR could lead to increased concentration of other drugs… Hepatotoxic and Hyperbuliema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Azitromyocin

A

Drug Class/Route: Macrolides Oral and IV
Indication/Spectrum: Similar to Pen G with G+ most susceptible
MOA Bacteriostatic Reversibly binds to the 50S subunit
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Moderate GI Symptoms and CYP interactions(Inhibitor), WORST Prolonged QT
Resistance: Majority are G- resistant. Efflux pumps and Methylation of the binding site to inactive, no ribosomal activity
Notes: LEAST CYP INHIBITOR of macrolides… Hepatotoxic and Hyperbuliema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Streptomycin

A

Drug Class/Route: Aminoglycosides IV or IM
Indication/Spectrum: uberculosis(second line) G-‘ve rods combined with Blactam, Tularemia, bubonic plague, TB and Endocarditis
MOA irreversibly binds to 30s and bacterialcidal
Contraindications: Not used for G+ or anaerobic
Adverse Effects: Oto and Nephrotoxic
Resistance: deficiency of ribosomal receptor, lack of permeability, medication(methylation) and drug efflux
Notes: Polarity is responsible for pharmokinectics, needs to have active transport(O2), Aerobic** **used in combo with antipseudominal(Piparcillin or Ticarcillin) as DOC*. PAE Once a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gentamicin

A

Drug Class/Route: Aminoglycosides IV/IM and Topical
Indication/Spectrum: Topical for wounds and burns caused by gram negative
MOA irreversibly binds to 30s and bacterialcidal
Contraindications: Not used for G+ or anaerobic
Adverse Effects: Oto and Nephrotoxic
Resistance: deficiency of ribosomal receptor, lack of permeability, medication(methylation) and drug efflux
Notes: Polarity is responsible for pharmokinectics, needs to have active transport(O2), Aerobic** **DOC entercocus spp Gentamicin and pen G. *DOC strep spp Gentamicin and pen G. PAE Once a day. PAE Once a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Neomycin

A

Drug Class/Route: Aminoglycosides oral and Topical
Indication/Spectrum: Topical for wounds and burns caused by gram negative
MOA irreversibly binds to 30s and bacterialcidal
Contraindications: Not used for G+ or anaerobic
Adverse Effects: Oto and Nephrotoxic
Resistance: deficiency of ribosomal receptor, lack of permeability, medication(methylation) and drug efflux
Notes: Polarity is responsible for pharmokinectics, needs to have active transport(O2), Aerobic PAE Once a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tetracycline

A

Drug Class/Route: Tetracyclines Oral and Topical
Indication/Spectrum: Broad Spectrum(G + G-, aerobes, aerobes, spirochetes, richettsiae, mycoplasma
MOA Binds reversibly to the 30S ribosome, prevents the access of tRNA Bacteriostatic
Contraindications: No Prego and no kids under 8 cross placenta and breast milk
Adverse Effects: Nml flora change, Photosensitivity, onycholysis, inhibit bone growth and dental discoloration, liver damage
Resistance: B. Fragilis, Proteus, Pseudomonas Effulx pump
Notes: DOC(Cholera, Mycoplasma Pneumonia, chlamydia, rickettsia, Borrelia burgdorferi, Plague and Vibrio. Chelated w/ Ca2+, Fe2+ and Al3+, can be deposited in bone and teeth wide distribution, metabolized through the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Doxycycline

A

Drug Class/Route: Tetracyclines Oral and Topical
Indication/Spectrum: Broad Spectrum(G + G-, aerobes, aerobes, spirochetes, richettsiae, mycoplasma
MOA Binds reversibly to the 30S ribosome, prevents the access of tRNA Bacteriostatic
Contraindications: No Prego and no kids under 8 cross placenta and breast milk
Adverse Effects: Nml flora change, Photosensitivity, onycholysis, inhibit bone growth and dental discoloration, liver damage
Resistance: B. Fragilis, Proteus, Pseudomonas Effulx pump
Notes: DOC(Cholera, Mycoplasma Pneumonia, chlamydia, rickettsia, Borrelia burgdorferi, Plague and Vibrio. Chelated w/ Ca2+, Fe2+ and Al3+, can be deposited in bone and teeth wide distribution, metabolized through the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Minocycline

A

Drug Class/Route: Tetracyclines Oral and Topical
Indication/Spectrum: Broad Spectrum(G + G-, aerobes, aerobes, spirochetes, richettsiae, mycoplasma
MOA Binds reversibly to the 30S ribosome, prevents the access of tRNA Bacteriostatic
Contraindications: No Prego and no kids under 8 cross placenta and breast milk
Adverse Effects: Nml flora change, Photosensitivity, onycholysis, inhibit bone growth and dental discoloration, liver damage
Resistance: B. Fragilis, Proteus, Pseudomonas Effulx pump
Notes: DOC(Cholera, Mycoplasma Pneumonia, chlamydia, rickettsia, Borrelia burgdorferi, Plague and Vibrio. Chelated w/ Ca2+, Fe2+ and Al3+, can be deposited in bone and teeth wide distribution, metabolized through the liver

29
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Drug Class/Route: Fluroquinolones ORAL
Indication/Spectrum: aerobic G- rods and G+ coverage… Systemic infection, UTI, antrazx, P. Aeruginosa, Prostititis, STD(not syphilus) TB
MOA Inhibits DNA Gyrase no relaxation of supercoils needed for transcription Bacteriocidal
Contraindications: Preg or nursing women in children
Adverse Effects: GI disturbances, Increased QT intervals, Cartilage erosion, tendon rupture, photosensitivity
Resistance: Plasmid mediated resistance
Notes:Moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin I can do anaerobes **DOC Antrax **

30
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Drug Class/Route: Fluroquinolones ORAL
Indication/Spectrum: aerobic G- rods and G+ coverage… Systemic infection, UTI, antrazx, P. Aeruginosa, Prostititis, STD(not syphilus) TB
MOA Inhibits DNA Gyrase no relaxation of supercoils needed for transcription Bacteriocidal
Contraindications: Preg or nursing women in children
Adverse Effects: GI disturbances, Increased QT intervals, Cartilage erosion, tendon rupture, photosensitivity
Resistance: Plasmid mediated resistance
Notes:Moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin I can do anaerobes DOC Antrax

31
Q

Metronidazole

A

Drug Class/Route: Oral, IV, Topical
Indication/Spectrum: Anaerobes G- and B+ bacilli(anaerobes)
MOA Prodrug non-enzymatically reducing by reacting with reduced ferredoxin(only in ANAEROBES, metabolites taken up by bacterial DNA and form unstable molecules Bacterialcidal
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects:
Resistance: Disulfiram like reaction and gisegusia(Metallic taste)
Notes: C-Diff alternate to oral Vance, endocarditis H-pylori… Liver metabolism and eliminated in urine

32
Q

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim and Cotrimoxazole

A

Drug Class/Route: Oral and Parenteral
Indication/Spectrum:
MOA PABA cell membrane competes with PABA in folic acid Less sensitive in human enzyme. Synergistic relationship Bacteriostatic, in Urinary bacteriocidal
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Aplastic anemia, SJS, Kerniterus, photosenctitiy
Resistance: Efflux pathways
Notes:DOC for UTI

33
Q

Mupircin

A

Drug Class/Route: Topical
Indication/Spectrum: Impetigo, MRSA(Intranasally) G+ and Some G-
MOA Reversibly binds to bacterial isoleucy TRNA Synthesizes, inhibiting protein and RNA synths
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects:
Resistance:
Notes:

34
Q

Polymixin B

A

Drug Class/Route: Gram -
Indication/Spectrum: G- phospholipids (Lipid A endotoxin)
MOA Bacteriacidal binds to G- phospholipids A
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects:
Resistance:
Notes:

35
Q

Acyclovir

A

Drug Class/Route: AntiViral Herpes, Oral, topical and IV
Indication/Spectrum: DOC for VZV
MOA Guanosine analogue, needs phophorlyation and activation by viral Thymidine Kindase. Inhibits DNA synthesis but competing w/ dGTP. Concentrates in viral infected cells
Contraindications: CMV
Adverse Effects: Well tolerated, due to conc in viral cells, nephrotoxic w high IV dose, need hydration… safe in Prego
Resistance: Mutation to viral TKinase
Notes:

36
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Drug Class/Route: Anti-viral(Herpes) Oral higher bioavailability
Indication/Spectrum: DOC for HSV and VZV
MOA Pro drug converted to acylclovir still need phophrylation
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Well tolerated, due to conc in viral cells, nephrotoxic w high IV dose, need hydration… safe in Prego
Resistance: Mutation to viral TKinase
Notes: Immunocompr pt

37
Q

Docosanol

A

Drug Class/Route: Anti-viral(herpes) Oral OTC
Indication/Spectrum: HSV
MOA Inhibits viral fusion to hot plasma membrane(virus can not get into the cell)
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: MINOR irritates skin, and HA
Resistance:
Notes:

38
Q

Osltamivir

A

Drug Class/Route: Anti-Viral(Flu) Oral
Indication/Spectrum: Influenza A and B
MOA need to start w/in 48 hours s/p onset
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: NV needs to be taken w/ food
Resistance:
Notes: only for greater than 1 y/o

39
Q

Zanamivir

A

Drug Class/Route: Anti-Viral(Flu) nasal or oral inhaler
Indication/Spectrum: Influenza A and B
MOA need to start w/in 48 hours s/p onset
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Worsen fin in COPD, bronchospasm in asthmatics and not recommended for those w/ airway dz
Resistance:
Notes: only for greater than 7 y/o

40
Q

Sofobuvir/Ledipasvir

A

Drug Class/Route: Hep-C CURE
Indication/Spectrum: HEP-C
MOA Sofobuvir(Uridine Analogue, inhibits viral NS5B blocking replication of HCV) Ledipasvir(inhibits HCV NS5A protein may block hyperphosphyrlayion MOA unknown)
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Fatigue, HA and irritability
Resistance:
Notes: Well tolerated COSTLY

41
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Drug Class/Route: Ocular implant, oral and IV… CMV or Herpes
Indication/Spectrum: DOC CMV or CMV/Herpes co infectionCMV rentintis IV w/ life threaten
MOA Guanosine analogue, needs phophorlyation and activation by viral kinase in cell w/ infected herpes or CMV activated drug inhibits DNA polymers
Contraindications: No prego, Category C
Adverse Effects: Myelosupression: neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, CNS (HA, Confusion, and SZ) NV, Phlebitis and hepatotoxic
Resistance:
Notes: Less selective than acyclovir and more Toxic

42
Q

Valganciclovir

A

Drug Class/Route: Oral only… CMV or Herpes
Indication/Spectrum: DOC CMV or CMV/Herpes co infectionCMV rentintis IV w/ life threaten
MOA Guanosine analogue, needs phophorlyation and activation by viral kinase in cell w/ infected herpes or CMV activated drug inhibits DNA polymers
Contraindications: No prego, Category C
Adverse Effects: Myelosupression: neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, CNS (HA, Confusion, and SZ) NV, Phlebitis and hepatotoxic
Resistance:
Notes: Less selective than acyclovir and more Toxic

43
Q

Isoniazid

A

Drug Class/Route: Active TB Antimicrobial
Indication/Spectrum: Active TB along w/ R, P, or E… Latent is monotherpy
MOA Inhibits biosynthesis of mycotic acid Needs KatG to be active, prodrug
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: hepatitis(needs liver fin test), peripheral neuritis, hemolysis in pt w/ 6-GPD deficiency, lupus like syndrome, CNS(SZ, insomnia, restlessness, and psych)
Resistance:
Notes: Lupus like syndrome(HIP drug hydralazine, INH and procanimamide)

44
Q

Rifampin

A

Drug Class/Route: Active and latent TB ORAL
Indication/Spectrum: Active use in combo latent mono
MOA Inhibits DDRP
Contraindications: Not recommended for HIV other antivirals will not work
Adverse Effects: Hepatic enzyme induction(Potent inducer of CYP) Orange Urine Decreased birth control effects induces lover metabolism of progestins, GI and hypersensitivity
Resistance: rpoB subunit mutation confer resistance
Notes:

45
Q

Ethambutol

A

Drug Class/Route: Only Active TB w/ combo
Indication/Spectrum: TB
MOA Inhibits arabinosyk transferase(embCAB)
Contraindications: no one under 13 y/o
Adverse Effects: decreased visual acuity loss of green and red perception
Resistance:
Notes:

46
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Drug Class/Route: Active TB only w/ combo oral
Indication/Spectrum: TB active
MOA MOA unknown but active at acidic PH, optimal for MTB within macrophages
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Nephron and hepatic toxic need LFTs
Resistance:
Notes: Critical first line drug responsible for reducing therapy to current standard of 6 months(from 9-12 months)

47
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Drug Class/Route: Anti-fungal IV
Indication/Spectrum: Fungus Fungicidal broad DOC for SYSTEMIC
MOA Interacts w/ sterol on fungal membrane and ergosterol leads to membrane lose. Ampho B binding leads to depol of membrane forming a pore, increased permeability.
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Toxicity reaction w/ other drgugs or reactions occurring over time Infusion rxn are immediate overtime nephrotoxic Irreversible Kidney damage
Resistance:
Notes: Poor CNS penetration excreted bye kidneys slowly so nephrotoxic

48
Q

Flucytosine

A

Drug Class/Route:
Indication/Spectrum: Lower than Ampho B, Cryptoccus neoformas DOC w/ combo Ampho B for C. Neoformas
MOA Metabolic antagonism of fungal DNA and RNA, converted to 5-FLurourical interferes w/ synth humans don’t have but bacteria does
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: GI changes to nml flora, depresses Bone marrow, Elevated ALT/AST need to check labs
Resistance:
Notes: Penetrates CNS, renal elimination

49
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Drug Class/Route: Antifungal ORAL well distributed poor CNS
Indication/Spectrum: Broad spectrum anti fungal
MOA Fungistatic
Contraindications: acute or chronic hepatic and men
Adverse Effects: Potent Inhibtior of CYP, gynomastia and impotence, prolonged QT
Resistance:
Notes:

50
Q

Fluconazole

A

Drug Class/Route: Oral and IV penetrates CF well
Indication/Spectrum: Fungal meningitis, good for suppressive and prophylactic HIV pts
MOA
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: HA, NVD abd pain, rash
Resistance:
Notes: Less toxic than keto Poten CYP inhibitor Need LFT AST and ALT

51
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Drug Class/Route: Oral
Indication/Spectrum: Dermatp[hytosis, infection of skin hair and nails
MOA Binds to keratin prevents new infection in new skin
Contraindications: No prego and men 6months prior ot father child
Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxic, Penicillin hypersensitivity cross rxn, photosensitive, CNS(HA), Disulfiram like rxn,
Resistance:
Notes:

52
Q

Terinafine

A

Drug Class/Route: Oral or topical Antifungal Fungicidial
Indication/Spectrum: Onychomycosis
MOA Interferes w/ sterol biosynthesis, inhibits squaller monooxygenase
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: HA, Dermitisi, GI, Taste Change, liver enzyme abnormalities
Resistance:
Notes: less active in candida

53
Q

Nystatin

A

Drug Class/Route: Oral or topical
Indication/Spectrum: Candial infection Oral for GI and Topical for others
MOA Polyene antibiotic like anmpho B
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Mild NVD, s/p oral use
Resistance:
Notes: Not abs by GI, Skin or Mucusal membrane

54
Q

Mechlorethamine(Nitrogen Mustard)

A

Drug Class/Route: Alkylating Agent part of MOPP regimen
Indication/Spectrum: Hodgkins Dz, leukemia, lymphosarcoma
MOA Adds Alkyl group to DNA inhibiting proliferating cells
Contraindications: Prego(teraogenic)
Adverse Effects: NV, CNS, Bone marrow depression, immunesupression hematological(Myeloid)
Resistance:
Notes: Vesicant(tissue damage) at injection site

55
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Drug Class/Route: Alkylating agent
Indication/Spectrum:
MOA Activated by P-450
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Not vesicant, immunosuppressive, alopecia, hematologic, hemorrhagic cystitis, inappropriate ADH
Resistance:
Notes: Use mensa for cystitis

56
Q

Cisplatin

A

Drug Class/Route:
Indication/Spectrum: Effective in epithelial cancers, broad spectrum: testicular CA, Ovarian CA, Head, Neck, endometrium and Lung
MOA cross link DNA, sensitizes cells to radiation(makes susceptible)
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Renal toxicity, acoustic nerve damage, anaphylaxis
Resistance:
Notes:

57
Q

Methotrexate

A

Drug Class/Route: Antimetabolite
Indication/Spectrum: Leukemia, choricarinoma, Burkitts lymphoma(EBV), Non-hodgkins lymphoma, solid tumors, immunosupreessive(can tx RA)
MOA Blocks nml compound from binding, inhibits dihydroflotate reductase no DNA synthesis, Leucovorina bypass can help reduce toxicity of methotrexate
Contraindications: TERATOGENIC=Sterility
Adverse Effects: Preciptpiates in the renal tubule, need to hydrate, hepatotoxicity, myelosupresision, alopecia, GI, Pulm
Resistance: Decreased uptake and increased expression of Dihydroxyfolate reductase
Notes:

58
Q

5-Flurourical

A

Drug Class/Route: topical for basal cell carcinoma(burned face chem peel)
Indication/Spectrum: Broad spectrum solid tumors
MOA Inhibits thymidylate synthase- blocks DNA synth cell cycle specific G1 and S phase
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects:
Resistance: Decreased HGPRT
Notes:

59
Q

6-Mercaptopurine

A

Drug Class/Route: Purine Analogue
Indication/Spectrum: Leukemia
MOA
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Bone marrow depression and Jaundice(Cholestatsis)
Resistance: Decreased HGPRT
Notes: Allopurinol can help toxicity but also effectiveness

60
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Drug Class/Route:
Indication/Spectrum: Hodgkins lymphoma, non-hodgkin lymphoma, sarcomas, breast, thyrpod, lung, endometrium, ovarian and testes, leukemia
MOA Intercalates into DNA, generates a free radical(ROS) increased by Fe2+
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Cardiotoxic but reversible, CHF, Chelator
Resistance:
Notes: Dexrazonxane may help w/ Fe2+

61
Q

Bleomycin

A

Drug Class/Route:
Indication/Spectrum: Oral and Bladder, effective(testicular and ovarian)
MOA Directly damages DNA, Cell Cycle Specific G2 and M
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: min myleosupression, pulm fibrosis anaphylactoid(Allergy)
Resistance:
Notes: Lance Armstrong

62
Q

Vincristine

A

Drug Class/Route: Plant
Indication/Spectrum: leukemia, MOPP
MOA Binds to tubulin(M-Phase), no axonal transport
Contraindications: neurotoxic, low myelosupression
Adverse Effects:
Resistance:
Notes: Christ the Neurons

63
Q

Vinblastine

A

Drug Class/Route: Plant
Indication/Spectrum: Testicular carcinoma, Hodgkins and Kaposi(HIV bad)
MOA Binds to tubulin(M-Phase), no axonal transport
Contraindications: neurotoxic, more myelosupression
Adverse Effects:
Resistance:
Notes: Less neurogenic to Vincrestien Blast the bone marrow(Myeloid)

64
Q

Paclitaxel

A

Drug Class/Route: Plant
Indication/Spectrum: Advance breast, ovary, lung, head and neck CA
MOA Binds to tubulin/microtubulin, arrest mitosis and distrusts axonal transport
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Peripheral neuropathy, myalgia, arthralgia, hypersensitivity, myleosupression
Resistance:
Notes: Active and very toxic

65
Q

Prednisone

A

Drug Class/Route: Hydrocortisone
Indication/Spectrum:
MOA
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects:
Resistance:
Notes:

66
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Drug Class/Route: Estrogen specific inhibitor
Indication/Spectrum: Breast CA
MOA
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Hot flashes NV, decreased HDL and uterine effects
Resistance:
Notes:

67
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Drug Class/Route:
Indication/Spectrum: Breast CA
MOA HER2 ABY
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: Cardiotoxic
Resistance:
Notes:

68
Q

Flutamide

A

Drug Class/Route: Antiandrogen
Indication/Spectrum: Prostate CA
MOA Prevent the last states of DHT
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects:
Resistance:
Notes:

69
Q

Imatinib

A

Drug Class/Route:
Indication/Spectrum:First line chronic myeolgenous leukemia(CML)
MOAProtein kinase inhibitor
Contraindications:
Adverse Effects: NVD, edema/rash and muscle pain
Resistance:
Notes:

Pharm 2 Exam 4 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions