All Drugs Flashcards
Lignocaine
Amide LA
Widely used long half life
Bupivacaine
Amide LA
Long half life
Epidural
Amethocaine
Ester amide
Aspirin
NSAID
Non-selective
Irreversible inhibition of COX, good anti-platelet
Contra in asthma, bronchospasms from leukotrienes
Gastric bleeding
Ibuprofen
NSAID
Non-selective COX
Paracetamol
NSAID
Selective COX-2
Meloxicam
NSAID
COX-2
Methotrexate
DMARD
Folate agonist
Anti-cancer, inflammation, immunosuppressant
B/T cells
Azathioprine
DMARD
Purine analog
Leflunomide
DMARD
Pyrimidine analog
Mycophenolate
DMARD
Purine analog
T cell selective
Cyclosporin
DMARD
Calcineurin inhibitor, decrease IL-2, decrease T cells
Infliximab/Rituzimab
DMARD
Biologicals, used when other DMARDs don’t work
Allopurinol
DMARD used in gout
Inhibits production of uric acid, non-competitive inhibitor
Colchicine
DMARD used in gout
Inhibits migration of leukocytes into the joint
Probenecid
DMARD used in gout
Increases uric acid excretion
Morphine
Opioid
High affinity to mu receptors
Inhibits pain transmission to dorsal horn, activates descending inhibitory pathway, inhibits nociceptive fibers
Codeine
Opioid
10-20% potency of morphine, weak mu agonist, metabolised into morphine
Lower doses for cough suppression
Pethidine
Opioid
Morphine analogue, higher affinity to mu than codeine
Used in childbirth
Tramadol
Opioid
Opioid agonist (weak mu) AND serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
Chronic neuropathic pain
Naloxone/Naltrexone
Opioid
Competitive antagonist – no analgesic effects. Has affinity for all three receptors
Rapid reversal of opioid effect, used primarily to treat overdose
Prednisolone
SAID
Needs to be converted by liver first
Dexamethasone
SAID
More potent than Prednisolone
Pyridostigmine/Neostigmine
ANS drug
Anti-cholinesterase
Used in Myasthenia Gravis
Rocuronium
ANS drug
Non-depolarising blocker, competitive antagonist
Can be overcome be increasing [ACh]
Suxamethonium
ANS drug
Depolarising blocker, nicotinic agonist
Atropine
ANS drug
Competitive reversible antagonist of mACh receptors
Perindopril
ACE inhibitor
Prevents conversion of angiotensin II
Causes cough
Irbesartan
ARB (Angiotensin receptor blocker)
Doesn’t block bradykinin breakdown, no cough
Atenolol
Beta Blocker
Cardio selective, only acts on B1 receptors
Verapamil
Calcium Channel Blocker Centrally acting (SA and AV), thus no reflexive tachycardia
Amlodipine
Calcium Channel Blocker
Peripherally acting, causes rapid drop in BP causing compensatory tachycardia and CO
Hydrochlorothiazide
Diuretic - Thiazide
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption at distal tubule of nephron
Frusemide
Diuretic - Loop diuretic
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption at ascending limb of loop of henle
Spironolactone
Diuretic - Potassium sparing diuretic
Competetive aldosterone antagonists at collecting ducts of nephron.
Digoxin
Positive Inotrope
Inhibit Na/K ATPase, increase Ca in myocardiocytes, increase contractibility, decrease conduction
Slows AV node conduction, potential bradycardia and AV block
Glyceryl Trinitrate
Nitrate
Converted to NO
Vasodilators, reduces ventricular wall tension and myocardial oxygen demand
Adenosine
Adenosine
Hyperpolarises cardiac conducting tissue
Slows pacemaker activity through alpha 1 at AV
Atorvastatin
Lipid-lowering - Statin
Inhibits cholesterol synthesis
Increase LDL receptors, increase in HDL
Gemfibrozil
Lipid-lowering - Fibrate
Stimulate lipoprotein lipase hydrolyse TAGs
Increase LDL receptors and HDL
