ALL DEFINITIONS GET THIS RIGHT YOU FAT FUCK

Question 1

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Answer 1

Proton donor

Question 2

Bronsted-Lowry Base

Answer 2

Proton acceptor

Question 3

Lewis Acid

Answer 3

Electron pair acceptor

Question 4

Lewis Base

Answer 4

Electron pair donor

Question 5

Buffer solution

Answer 5

A solution that maintains a fairly consistent pH when a small amount of acid or base is added to it.

Question 6

Standard enthalpy change of formation

Answer 6

Amount of energy absorbed or released when 1 mole of substance is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states under standard conditions of 298K and 1 bar.

Question 7

Standard enthalpy change of combustion

Answer 7

Energy released when 1 mole of substance is completely burnt in excess oxygen under standard conditions of 298K and 1 bar.

Question 8

Standard enthalpy change of neutralisation

Answer 8

Energy change when 1 mole of water is formed when an acid reacts with an alkali under standard conditions of 298K and 1 bar.

Question 9

Standard enthalpy change of atomisation

Answer 9

Energy absorbed to form 1 mole of gaseous atoms from an element in its standard state of 298K and 1 bar.

Question 10

Standard enthalpy change of hydration

Answer 10

Energy released when 1 mole of gaseous ions is hydrated under standard conditions of 298K and 1 bar.

Question 11

Standard enthalpy change of solution

Answer 11

Energy released when 1 mole of a substance in its standard state is completely dissolved in a solvent to form an infinitely dilute solution under standard conditions of 298K and 1 bar.

Question 12

Bond energy (Energetics)

Answer 12

The average energy absorbed when 1 mole of X-Y bonds are broken in the gaseous state to form 1 mole of X gaseous ions and 1 mole of Y gaseous atoms.

Question 13

Lattice energy

Answer 13

Energy released when 1 mole of a solid ionic compound is formed from its constituent gaseous ions under standard conditions of 298K and 1 bar.

Question 14

Entropy

Answer 14

The randomness/disorderliness of the matter and energy of a system.

Question 15

LCP

Answer 15

When a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change, the system will react in such a manner to counteract the change imposed so as to re-establish the equilibrium.

Question 16

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 16

A state in which the forward and backward reactions of a reversible reaction are both taking place at the same rate. As a result, there is no net change in the concentration of reactants and products.

Question 17

Rate constant

Answer 17

The constant of proportionality in the rate equation of the reaction. It is a constant at a given temperature, and it changes when temperature varies.

Question 18

Order of reaction

Answer 18

The order of reaction with respect to a given reactant is the power to which the concentration of the reactant is raised in the rate equation.

Question 19

Half-life

Answer 19

The time taken for the concentration of the reactant to fall to half of its initial concentration.

Question 20

Catalyst

Answer 20

A catalyst provides an alternative pathway of lower activation energy for the reaction to proceed. There is an increase in the proportion of reactant molecules with kinetic energy greater than or equal to the activation energy so there is an increase in the frequency of effective collisions, resulting in an increase in the rate of reaction.

Question 21

Standard electrode potential

Answer 21

The potential difference between a half-cell and a standard hydrogen electrode at standard conditions of 298 K, 1 bar for gases and 1 mol dm3 for solutions.

Question 22

Electrophile

Question 23

Nucleophile

Question 24

Zwitterion

Answer 24

A dipolar ion with a positive and negative charge, and is thus electrically neutral.

Question 25

Homolytic fission

Question 26

Heterolytic fission

Question 27

Transition element

Answer 27

D-block elements which form at least 1 stable ion which has a partially-filled d-subshell.

Question 28

Complex ion

Answer 28

A central metal ion linked to one or more surrounding ligands by dative bonds.

Question 29

Ligand

Answer 29

An ion/molecule which contains at least one ion bearing a lone pair of electrons which can be donated to an unoccupied, low-lying orbital of a central metal atom, forming a dative covalent bond.

Question 30

Coordination number

Answer 30

The total number of coordinate bonds that can be formed with the ligands.

Question 31

Homogenous catalyst

Answer 31

One which is in the same physical state as the reactants.

Question 32

Heterogenous catalyst

Answer 32

One which is in a different physical state from the reactants.

Question 33

Cis-Trans

Question 34

Enantiomer

Question 35

Enhanced greenhouse effect

Question 36

Electronegativity

Answer 36

The measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.