Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gr. 9 Geography Exam > All Definitions > Flashcards

All Definitions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Advocacy group

A

A group that attempts to influence decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Agri-food

A

The business of producing food through agricultural means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alternate lot

A

A small residential lot integrated with conventional lot sizes to create a fender area of housing that attracts people earning various levels of income

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alternative energy source

A

An alternative to greenhouse gas emitting energy sources such as fossils fuels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Annual population growth

A

Natural increase plus or minus net migration (immigration minus emigration) in one year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aquaculture

A

The practice of breeding, rearing, and harvesting such in nets or pens in water bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bedrock

A

The solid rock base beneath the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Birth rate

A

The number of births per 1000 people in one year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Brain drain

A

The movement of highly educated people out of a country, particularly young professionals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Built environment

A

An area created or altered by humans.

Some examples are high-rise buildings, infrastructure networks, complex transportation systems, and suburban neighbourhoods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Carbon footprint

A

The amount of carbon dioxide or other carbon compounds released into the atmosphere by the activities of a person, company, or country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Carbon offsetting

A

A way in which an emitter if greenhouse gases can prevent its emissions from increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by paying someone else to reduce, avoid, or absorb an equal quantity of emissions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The ability of an area to support a population without degrading the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Catastrophic hazard

A

A natural hazard that affects large numbers of people or the whole world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Census

A

An official government survey of a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Census metropolitan area (CMA)

A

An urban area with a population of at least 100 000 people of whom 50 000 or more live in an urban core.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Certification

A

Confirmation that a product of a organization meets certain criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Child mortality rate

A

Number of deaths children under 5 yeRs old per 1000 live births.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Commercial land use

A

A type of land use that includes any development for retail, service, or office use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Commodity

A

A product or service that can be bought or used by consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coniferous

A

Needle-leaved, cone-bearing trees adapted to cooler, drier environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Conventional agriculture

A

The production of agri-food that uses synthetic products to enhance the growth of crops and produce larger yields.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Crop rotation

A

A farming practice in which different crops are planted on the same field from year to year to avoid exhausting the soil of nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Crown land

A

Land belonging to the provincial or federal government.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cultural assimilation

A

A policy whereby people’s culture are absorbed into the dominant culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cultural mosaic

A

A policy that promotes keeping and maintains people’s cultures, languages, and religions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Death rate

A

The number of deaths per 1000 people in one year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Deciduous

A

Trees or shrubs that drop their leaves every year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Demography

A

A sub-field of geography that is the study of population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Dependency load

A

The combined percent of a country’s population that is under 15 and over 64.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Displacement

A

Movement to another location.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Doubling time

A

How long it takes, in years, for a population to double.

Calculated by diving 70 by the population growth rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ecological overshoot

A

A situation in which a population exceeds the long-term carrying capacity of its own environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Ecosystem

A

A self-regulating system, created by the interaction between living organisms and their environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ecumene

A

The settled part of a country.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Emigrant

A

A person who leaves his or her home country to settle in another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Enclave

A

A distinct area within a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Environmental farm plan (EFP)

A

A voluntary assessment took of a farm’s production of five xD used throughout Canada.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Environmental refugees

A

People forced to leave their traditional territory because of an environmental disruption that threatens their lives or affects their quality of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Ethnocultural food

A

Food that is not normally grown in Canada; also known as a world crop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Exclusive economic zone

A

The area of coastal water and seabed near a country’s coast over which the country has exclusive rights to resources and exploration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Exports

A

Products that are delivered to places outside the country in which they were produced, extracted, or grown.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Fertility rate

A

The average number of children per woman.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Flood plain

A

A low-lying are along a river made up of sediments and subject to flooding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Flow resource

A

A resource that must be used when and where it occurs, for example, the wind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Forced migration

A

A mass movement of people who leave their homes against their will.

47
Q

Foreign ownership

A

Complete or majority control of a business or resource by individuals who are not citizens of that country.

48
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Fuel, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed deep beneath the surface of Earth by natural processes.

49
Q

Fracking

A

The process of injecting liquid at high pressure into rocks to open cracks and allow natural gas to escape.

50
Q

Free trade agreement

A

A contract between nations that encourages trading of goods and services by reducing tariffs and other restrictions.

51
Q

Gentrification

A

The transformation of a neighbourhood in which deteriorated housing stock is purchased and renovated to create better housing units.

52
Q

Globalization

A

The process by which countries trade goods, services, ideas, and even culture around the world at an ever-increasing rate.

53
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

The process by which heat from Earth’s surface is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere and re-radiated back to Earth.

54
Q

Greenhouse gases (GHG)

A

A group of natural and human-created gases released into the atmosphere that contribute to he greenhouse effect.

55
Q

Gross domestic product (GDP)

A

The monetary value of all the goods and services produced within a country in one year.

56
Q

High pressure

A

The force exerted on Earth’s surface resulting from cold air sinking.

57
Q

High-density residential infill

A

The development is new housing options in established neighbourhoods. This new housing may be in the form of secondary suites or garage suites, or be built in newly established narrow lots or alternate lots.

58
Q

Immigrant

A

A person who moves to a different country or region to take up permanent residence.

59
Q

Imports

A

Products that are produced, extracted, or grown outside a country and brought into that country to be used.

60
Q

Industrial land use

A

A type of land use for manufacturing and assembly plants, as well as developments for processing, warehousing, or storage.

61
Q

Infrastructure

A

The networks of transportation, communications, education, and other public services that are needed for a community to operate.

62
Q

Institutional land use

A

A type of land use for public facilities, including development for community, educational, governmental, health care, and religious purposes.

63
Q

Leapfrog development

A

Scattered development located outside existing built-up suburban areas, leaving gaps that further reduce overall density.

64
Q

Low pressure

A

The force exerted in Earth’s surface resulting from warm air rising.

65
Q

Mitigate

A

Take steps to reduce the effects of a hazard or disaster.

66
Q

Multiplier effect

A

An effect in which money spent on an event generates additional money spent in other ways.

67
Q

Natural environment

A

An area with undisturbed elements. Some examples are areas that have land, water, and rocks.

68
Q

Natural increase

A

The number of births minus the number of deaths.

69
Q

Net migration

A

The annual gain or loss of population from movement of people in or out. (Immigration minus emigration)

70
Q

Open and green space

A

A type of land use set aside for recreation and conservation efforts.

71
Q

Organic agriculture

A

The production of agri-food that uses only allowed substances, or none at all when spraying crops.

72
Q

Per capita

A

Per person

73
Q

Phantom power

A

The use of power by devices that are not being used but are still plugged in.

74
Q

Point system

A

An evaluation of immigrant applicants that awards points by categories, including language skills, education, and age.

75
Q

Population density

A

The average number of people in a given area, calculated by dividing the number of people by the area in square kilometres.

76
Q

Population distribution

A

The way in which a population is spread across an area.

77
Q

Portable water

A

Water that is clean enough for drinking and preparing food.

78
Q

Primary industry

A

An industry that extracts natural resources, such as mining, fishing, and agriculture.

79
Q

Protectionism

A

The practice of shielding a country’s own industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.

80
Q

Pull factors

A

Forced that attract people to new places and draw them away from their previous location.

81
Q

Quaternary industry

A

An industry that is knowledge-based, such as scientific research and information technology.

82
Q

Radiate

A

Send out or spread out heat energy in rays.

83
Q

Refugee

A

A person who is forced to her or his country to find safety.

84
Q

Renewable energy source

A

An energy source that is regenerated on a human timescale.

85
Q

Replacement level

A

The average number of babies needed per woman to maintain country’s population; generally 2.1

86
Q

Residential land use

A

A type of land use that imposes the majority of a typical Canadian city. Residential land use includes low-, medium-, and high-density housing developments.

87
Q

Secondary industry

A

An industry that uses raw materials to manufacture products, such as automobiles.

88
Q

Settlement hierarchy

A

An order of settlements by size of population and services available.

89
Q

Shelterbelt

A

A line of trees or shrubs planted to protect an area from strong winds and the erosion they cause.

90
Q

Sovereignty

A

Supreme power or authority; independence.

91
Q

Sphere of influence

A

The region served by a settlement.

92
Q

Stockpiling

A

Collecting a large supply of something for the future.

93
Q

Suburb

A

A residential area on the outskirts of an urban core.

94
Q

Sustainable

A

Able to be used without being completely used up or destroyed.

95
Q

Tariff

A

A kind of tax that applies to certain imports or exports.

96
Q

Tectonic

A

Processes related to the structure of Earth’s crust.

97
Q

Tertiary industry

A

An industry that provides services, such as health care and banking.

98
Q

Threshold population

A

The number of people needed to support a given function or service.

99
Q

Tilling

A

The process of preparing farmland for the following planting season.

100
Q

Trade balance

A

The difference between a nation’s exports and imports.

101
Q

Transboundary water body

A

A body of water or a watershed that is in more than one country.

102
Q

Transportation land use

A

A type of land use designated for corridors and amenities, such as roads, public transit, and parking.

103
Q

Tsunami

A

A potentially destructive large sea wave generated by an earthquake, a volcanic eruption, or an undersea landslide.

104
Q

Typhoon

A

A storm that occurs in the Indian or western pacific oceans; called a hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean.

105
Q

Urban doughnut

A

An economic effect of urban sprawl in which businesses and institutions move to the suburbs and leave empty spaces, or a hole, in the downtown.

106
Q

Urban growth boundary (UGB)

A

A land-use planing took that controls urban expansion by keeping it within a designated area.

107
Q

Urban heat island effect

A

A daytime elevation in the outdoor urban air temperature that results, in part, from the buildings, asphalt, and other infrastructure absorbing heat in the day and emitting it in the evening, which causes the urban temperature to rise at night.

108
Q

Urban reserve

A

Aboriginal land that has become urban through expansion of neighbouring communities of land in a city that an aboriginal group is granted permission to purchase that acquires reserve status.

109
Q

Urbanization

A

An increase in the number of people living or working in urban places.

110
Q

Vector-borne disease

A

A disease transmitted to humans through other hosts, most often insects like mosquitoes and ticks.

111
Q

Visible minorities

A

Persons who are non-Caucasian or non-white and do not report being aboriginal.

112
Q

Youthification

A

The trend of young adults living in cities because of the decreasing affordability of owning homes and vehicles, and starting a family.

113
Q

Zoning by-law

A

A law that states how land may be used in a community. It also addresses the types of buildings and where structures may be located, as well as restricting lot sizes and building heights.

Gr. 9 Geography Exam (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions