All cycles Flashcards
Buddhism
A religion or philosophy
Buddha
The awakened or enlightened one
Dhamma
The universal law of life
Enlightenment
The state of being awakened to the truth about life.
Anicca
The impermanent nature of all things
Anatta
No independent or permanent self
Dukkha
Suffering/unsatisfactoriness
Skandhas
Five elements which make up human. being:form,sensation, perception,mental formations and consciousness
Samatha
Calmness or breathing meditation
Pratitya
Everything exists
Mettabhanana
Development of loving kindness
Vipassana
Enabling the individual to see the true nature of things
Mahayana
Great vehicle
Theravada
The way of the elders
Bodhisattva
An enlightened being who seeks enlightenment for others
Arhat
Enlightened disciple
Samsara
The cycle or rebirth and ever changing world
Karuna
Compassion
Metta
Loving kindness
Five percepts
Harming living things, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying or gossip, taking intoxicating substances e.g alcohol or drugs
Tanha
Desire,craving,wanting
Karma
Actions that influence ones future
Three marks of existence/three universal truths
Dukkha,annica and anatta
Four noble truths
Suffering,the cause of suffering,the end of suffering and the way to end suffering
Three poisons
Ignorance, greed and hatred
Dhammapada
Buddhist scripture
Nirvana
The state of peace
The three
Ethics,meditation and wisdom
Eightfold path
Eight steps to reaching nirvana
Six paramitas
Six perfections
Sunyata
Emptiness
The four sights
Old age,sickness,death and the holy man
Middle way
Between indulgence and asceticism
Vihara
Buddhist temple or monastery
Stupa
Monument containing relics of the Buddha or the important Buddhist teachings
Pagoda
A burmese, Chinese or Japanese stupa
Meditation
Stilling the mind- aim to develop mindfulness of breathing. Insight meditation and loving kindness
The three jewels
The buddha, the dharma, the sangha
Mala
A string of beads to aid mindfulness in puja
Mantra
A phrase chanted repeatedly during worship to evoke particular aspects of enlightenment
Mudra
Symbolic hand gestures used in Tibetan worship or on Buddhist rupas
Rupa
‘Form’ an image of the Buddha
Puja
Veneration or worship
Almsgiving
The practise of giving money or food to poor people
Wesak
A festival to celebrate the birth, enlightenment and death or the Buddha
Kathina
Celebration of the end of vassa. A celebration when lay Buddhist donate robes to the vihara
Vassa
The rainy season in S.E Asia. Buddhist monastic retreat
Parinirvana day
Marks the Buddhist death and passing into final nirvana
After life
Life after death: the belief that existence continues after physical death
Environmental sustainability
Ensuring the demands on natural sources can be met without harming other things like plants/ animal life
Euthanasia
Eu=good
Thanatos=death
Mercy killing-killing someone with a serious illness or someone suffering
Evolution
The process by with different living creatures develop over time
Abortion
When a pregnancy is ended so that it doesn’t result with the birth of a child
Quality of life
The extent to which life is meaningful and pleasurable
Sanctity of life
The belief that life is precious or sacred.
Soul
The spiritual aspect of a being
Creation
The idea that the earth was created by a divine power ( god )
Karma
The ‘energy’ passed on from your life reflecting good or bad deeds
Interpretation
The way we make sense of a piece of writing
Literal
Understanding something exactly as it is written
Liberal
Free thinking
Charles Darwin
English naturalist, geologist and biologist who contributed to the science of evolution
On the origin of species
Darwin’s book shows how the population changed due to natural selection
Stephen Hawkins
Regarded as one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists since Einstein
The Big Bang theory
All the matter in the universe was concentrated into a single incredibly tiny point. This began to enlarge rapidly in a hot explosion and is still expanding today
Richard Dawkins
Militant atheist and biologist
Humanist
People who believe that this life is the only life we have
Humanist for a better world
A network for humanist who like to share there information and beliefs
Speciesism
The idea that human is a good enough reason for human animals to have greater human rights that non-human animals
Evolution by natural selection
The idea that species who flourish are species best suited to there environment
Intelligent design
The idea that certain features of life are best explained by an intelligent cause such as natural selection
Situation ethics
Judging the rightness or wrongness of an act on a case-by-case basis
Absolute morality
Certain actions are right or wrong regardless of the context of the act
Relative morality
There are no universal moral truth, instead claims relative to social, cultural, historical or personal circumstances
Conscience
A inner voice which keeps a person on track
Sin
Deliberate immoral actions breaking a religious moral law
Good
Considered morally right, beneficial and to our advantage
Evil
That which is considered extremely immoral
Punishment
A penalty given to someone due to a wrong they have done
Reconciliation
Accepting an apology, forgiving and moving forward in harmony
Crime
An action or offence that breaks the law and is punishable
Forgiveness
To grant pardon for a wrongdoing and give up resentment
Justice
Fairness where everyone base equal provisions and opportunity
Suffering
Pain or distress cause by injury illness or loss
Retribution
Punishment should make the criminal pay for what they have done
Deterrence
Punishment should put people off committing crime
Reformation
Punishment should reform the criminal
Free will
A humans ability to make free choices in life
Utilitarianism
The belief that a good act is the one that brings the greatest good for the greatest number
Restorative justice
A system which enables criminals to make amends for their behaviour by meeting their victim and apologising
Parole officer
A person who supports prisoners on their release from prison and their return to community
Humane
Showing kindness and compassion
Capital punishment
The death penalty
