All concepts Flashcards
A nurse is describing the process of metastasis. Which is necessary in order for metastasis to occur?
Decreased Cell Adhesions
Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to?
Protect cells from injury
A nurse is preparing a presentation on progressive neurological disorders. Which concept should be taught?
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)- degenerative disorder of both upper and lower motor neurons.
The postmortem decrease in a patient’s body temperature will be documented as:
Algor Mortis
Your patient hass Guillain-Barré. During the health history you should ask about a history of:
Respiratory or Gastrointestinal viral infections
The condition that occurs when a zygote is missing in each cell is referred to as ?
a “Monosomy”
During a myasthenic or cholinergic crisis, a patient is in danger of?
Respiratory arrest
A patient has multiple myeloma. Which area in the body does the nurse closely monitor for the tumer masses?
Bones
A process in which a piece of one chromosome is moved to another chromosome:
Translocation
Your patietn’s forehead hit the steering wheel during a motor vehicle accident. Which part of the brain received the coup injury?
Frontal
Which information indicates that the nurse has a good understanding of clastogens? Clastogens are agents that cause:
Chromosomal breakage
Which substance is released during a viral infection and signals neighboring cells to enhance viral defenses?
Interferon
A patient has lymphoblastic lymphoma. Which organ is most affected?
Thymus
Leukemia is classified as?
acute or chronic
What term is used to describe cancer that extends to organs or tissues distant from the site of origin?
Metastasis
A nurse wants to teach about the most common primary immune deficiency condition. What deficiency should the nurse describe?
Common variable immune deficiency
You observe a platelet count of 9,000/mm3, which condition must you monitor for in this patient?
Spontaneous bleeding
For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must be capable of:
Surviving in the bloodstream
While reviewing a patient’s health history, which finding will most alert the nurse to the possible development of chronic subdural hematoma?
Prior brain atrophy
A patient is preparing to receive adjuvant therapy for cancer. What should the nurse tell the patient to reinforce teaching? this type of therapy:
is given after cance surgery
your patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity are they displaying?
Type 1
The process by which RNA is formed from DNA for protein synthesis is?
Transcription
The somatic cell that contains a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called?
euploid cell
In a patient with an epidural hematoma, the nurse recalls that bleeding occurs between the skull and:
Dura mater
A patient has chronic active hepatitis B infection. Which type of cancer should the nurse assess for in this patient?
Liver cancer
Which is the chief function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
When an infant has been identified as having had fetal exposure to alcohol, which assessment parameters should be considered?
Low birth weight, mental retardation, facial anomalies
The best treatment for multiple myeloma:
Chemotherapy
A patient with a combined immune deficiency lacks:
T and B lymphocytes
A Patient ruptured the middle Meningeal artery, resulting in an epidural hemorrhage. The nurse realizes that in this type of intracranial hemorrhage; the bleeding occurs between the dura mater and the:
Skull
A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis. Which information should the nurse include?
This is an autoimmune disease mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors, resulting in defective nerve impulses.
Which statement indicates that the nurse needs more teaching regarding the types of subdural hematoma?____________ is a type of subdural hematoma.
Intracerebral
An individual who is heterozygous for a gene has:
Alleles at a given locus that are different from one another.
What term is used to describe the process of endocytosis?
Engulfment
The major phagocytic cells in inflammation are:
Neutrophils and Macrophages
Which intervertebral disks should the nurse assess first for herniation?
L4-S1
Hypersplenism occurs when?
The spleen is overactive
Which symptoms should you assess for in a patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Night sweats, low grade fevers, and weight loss
A patient has a complement deficiency of C5 and C7. The nurse should monitor this patient for infections caused by:
Neisseria
During your assesment of a patient with meningitis, you want to test for nuchal rigidity. Which test will you implement?
Kernig
The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes, and the environment is called the disease?
Phenotype
Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal changes in:
Cell secretions
What is the role of plasmin in the inflammatory response cycle?
It controls clotting by breaking down fibrin
The nurse should evaluate the cancer patient with fatigue for?
Depression
Which causes metaplasia in humans?
Cell injury from noxious stimuli
cerebral thrombosis develops most often from:
Atherosclerosis and inflammatory disease processes (arteritis)
What is the leading cause of death in developed countries?
Cancer
Autonomic hyperreflexia is caused by?
Stimulation of sensory/pain receptors below the level of the spinal cord lesion
The triplet of base pairs necessary to code for a specific amino acid is called a?
Codon
When a patient has tissue iuschemia and a decrease in mitochondrial oxygenation, which of the following does the nurse expect?
Decreased ATP production
A herniated disk allows the gelatinous material (the nucleus pulposus) to:
extrude and compress the nerve root
A patient has Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Which typical assessment indings should the nurse monitor for in this patient?
Decreased IgM and bleeding
Your patient with HIV has painful burning dysesthesias and paresthesias, especially in the extremities. What condition will you document in the chart?
HIV Neuropathy
What would you expect to occur when a patient’s cancer is caused by mutations of a proto-oncogene?
Increased cell division
The nurse is caring for a patient with a genetic disease that is transmitted through autosomal recessive inheritance. Which is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
Cystic Fibrosis
Your patient has a brief episode of neurological deficits that resolves within 12 hours with a return to normal functioning. What diagnosis should you document on the chart?
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Which statement made by the cancer patient indicates the need for more teaching? A major cause of cancer pain is?
Cancer cells residing in lymphnodes
A patient has aquired immunofeficiency syndrome(AIDS). Which laboratory report should the nurse monitor closely in this patient?
Lymphocyte counts
A patient asks the role of clotting mechanisms during inflammation. The nurse should indicate that the function of the clotting cascade during inflammation is to:
Trap microorganisms
When a patient has an extreme laceration (with a flap), which medical terms should the nurse document on the chart?
Avulsion
If a patient has Gaucher disease, which organs should the nurse monitor?
Liver, splee, CNS/brain
A couple has two offspring; one child has an autosomal recessive disease trait and one is normal. What most likely conclusions can the nurse make about the parents?
Both parents could be carriers
Which symptom will surprise the nurse when assessing a patient with cachexia?
Heart murmur
A patient has a recent spinal cord injury. Which term should the nurse use to describe the loss of reflex function below the level of injury/lesion?
Spinal shock
What type of cell is most affected by acute leukemia?
Blast cell
Which of the following treatments to help cancer-related or chemotherapy-related anemia should the nurse discuss with the patient?
Erythropoietin
When the clinician is discussing the DNA helix, which information should be included? The helix, guanine pairs with?
Cytosine
Irritative syndromes involve?
Compressive symptoms plus radicular pain and paresthesias
