All (Class/Action) Flashcards

0
Q

Albuterol

Proventil, Ventolin

A

Class:
-Bronchodilator: Sympathomimetic (beta 2 specific)

Action:

  • Relaxes bronchial smooth muscles by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors
  • Produces bronchodilation, relieves bronchospasm, and reduces airway resistance.

-ONSET= 5 min PEAK= 1 hr DURATION= up to 5 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Adenosine

Adenocard

A

Class:
Antiarrhythmic

Action:
-Slows electrical conduction through AV node, and interrupts re-entry pathway, converting SVT to NSR.

-ONSET=within 30 sec., DURATION= 1-2 min.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Amiodarone Hydrochloride

Cordarone, Pacerone, Nexterone

A

Class:
-Antiarrhythmic

Action:

  • Blocks sodium, potassium and calcium channels in cardiac cells slowing conduction and prolongs repolarization.
  • Has alpha and beta adrenergic blocking properties causing negative inotropic effects and reduces peripheral vascular resistance (afterload)

-ONSET= minutes DURATION= days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aspirin, ASA

Acetylsalicylic Acid

A

Class:
-Platelet aggregation inhibitor

Action:

  • Inhibits normal tendency for platelets to accumulate inside injured or occluded coronary arteries, thereby improving blood flow through vessels to better perfuse the heart
  • Blocks formation of Thromboxin A2

ONSET= 15- 30 min DURATION= days (antiplatelet effects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atropine Sulfate

A

Class:

  • Antiarrhythmic
  • Anticholinergic

Action:

  • Competes with acetylcholine for receptor sites blocking the PNS response at SA & AV nodes
  • Increases heart rate by increasing electrical conduction through the heart
  • Positive chronotropic properties with little or no inotropic effects
  • Inhibits secretions by decreasing PNS effect on bronchial, salivary, sweat and GI glands

ONSET= IV/IO 2-4 min, IM 10-15 min DURATION= 2-6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atrovent

Ipratroprium Bromide

A

Class:
-Bronchodilator, anticholinergic

Action:

  • Antagonizes the action of acetylcholine, preventing the interaction of acetylcholine with muscarinic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation
  • Dries respiratory tract secretions

ONSET= within 15-30 min PEAK= 1-2 hours DURATION= 4-5 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Benadryl

Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride

A

Class:
-Antihistamine

Action:
-Binds to histamine receptor sites, blocking H1 and H2 receptors
~H1 causes bronchoconstriction, airway swelling and vasodilation
~H2 causes secretion of gastric acid
-Does not prevent histamine release

ONSET= 15-30 min DURATION= 6-12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Calcium Chloride

10% CaCl2

A

Class:
-Electrolyte

Action:

  • Increases myocardial contractility
  • Enhances ventricular automaticity
  • Reverses cardio electric changes produced by hyperkalimia
  • Shifts potassium back into cell to prevent intravascular hyperkalemia

ONSET= 5-15 min DURATION = dose dependent, may persist 4 hrs after IV/IO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Charcoal

Activated Charcoal

A

Class:
-Absorbent

Action:

  • Binds and absorbs ingested toxins present in the GI tract
  • Inhibits intestinal absorption, preventing systemic toxicity

ONSET= immediate DURATION= 4-12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dextrose/ Glucose

50%, D50 / 10%, D10, D10W

A

Class:
-Carbohydrate

Action:
-Increases blood glucose by providing quick release of free sugar into circulation

ONSET= 1 min DURATION = depends on degree of hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dopamine Hydrochloride

Intropin

A

Class:
-Vasopressor: Sympathomimetic (both alpha and beta properties)

Action:

  • At low and medium doses, selectively dilates blood vessels supplying the brain, kidneys, heart and GI tract.
  • At medium to high doses, increases cardiac output by improving contractility and stroke volume, thereby increasing blood pressure.
  • At high doses, causes vasoconstriction and increased heart rate.

ONSET= <5 min DURATION= approximately 10 min after drip is stopped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epinephrine

Adrenaline, EPI

A

Class:
-Catecholamine: Sympathomimetic (both alpha and beta effects)

Action:

  • On the bronchi: bronchodilation (beta-2)
  • On the peripheral vasculature: vasoconstriction (alpha)
  • On the heart:
    • increased heart rate (beta-1)/ chronotropic
    • increased contractility/ inotropic
    • increased AV conduction/ dromotropic
    • increased automaticity/ dromotropic
ONSET= IV/IO 1-2 min,  IM/SC 5-10 min
DURATION= IV/IO 5-10 min,  IM/SC 1-4 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glucagon

A

Class:
-Antihypoglycemic: Pancreatic hormone

Action:

  • Increases blood glucose by converting glycogen stored in the liver to glucose
  • Inhibits synthesis of glycogen from glucose

ONSET= 20 min DURATION= 60-90 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lidocaine

2% Xylocaine

A

Class:
-Antiarrhythmic / Anesthetic

Action:

  • Depresses depolarization and automaticity in the ventricles
  • Increases the ventricular fibrillation threshold by increasing phase IV repolarization
  • Amide-type local anesthetic

ONSET= 1-2 min DURATION= 10-20 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lidocaine Jelly 2%

Xylocaine Jelly

A

Class:
-Topical anesthetic

Action:

  • Prohibits the initiation and conduction of impulses thereby effecting local anesthetic action
  • Decreases irritation when airway tube is inserted thereby decreasing intracranial pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Morphine Sulfate

MS, MS04

A

Class:

  • Opioid
  • Narcotic analgesic

Action:

  • CNS depressant acting on opiate receptors in the brain
  • Potent analgesic and sedative

ONSET= 1-2 min DURATION= 2-7 hrs

16
Q

Narcan

Naloxone Hydrochloride

A

Class:
-Opioid antagonist

Action:
-Reverses respiratory depression, sedation and hypotensive effects of opioid overdose by occupying opiate receptor sites

ONSET= IV/IO 1-2 min, IM 2-5 min
DURATION= IV 30-60 min, IM longer
17
Q

Nitroglycerine

NTG, Nitro

A

Class:
-Vasodilator

Action:

  • Produces vasodilation by relaxing systemic venous and arterial vessels, thereby:
    • Decreasing preload and afterload
    • Decreasing myocardial workload
    • Decreasing myocardial O2 consumption
    • Dilates coronary arteries
ONSET= SL 2 min, topical 30-60 min
DURATION= SL 30-60 min, topical 24 hrs
18
Q

Normal Saline

0.9% solution sodium chloride, NS

A

Class:
-Electrolyte / isotonic crystalloid

Action:

  • Electrolyte solution, which is osmotically equivalent to blood
  • Increases the circulating volume of the vascular system. (2/3 of infused volume leaves vascular space within 1 hour)
19
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

Bicarb, NaHCO3

A

Class:

  • Electrolyte
  • Alkalinizing agaent

Action:
-Reducing acidosis or causes alkalosis by direct release of bicarbonate ion into circulation

ONSET= 2-10 min DURATION= 30-60 min

20
Q

Versed

Midazolam

A

Class:
-Benzodiazepine: Sedative / Anticonvulsant

Action:

  • CNS depressant
  • Produces anterograde amnesia, then sedation
  • Stops and prevents seizures
ONSET= IV/IO/IN 2 min, IM 15 min
DURATION= 1-4 hrs
21
Q

Zofran

Ondansetron

A

Class:
-Antiemetic

Action:
-Blocks serotonin receptors in vagus nerve terminals and in small intestine that trigger the vomiting reflex

ONSET= IV/IM and ODT up to 30 min
DURATION= IV/IM and ODT 2 hrs