All Chapters Flashcards
The ancient ________ were the first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion.
Egyptians
Which of the following civilizations was the first to infuse essential oils from the leaves, bark, and blossoms of plants for use as perfumes and for purification purposes?
Egyptians
To achieve a look of greater intelligence during the renaissance, women:
Shaved their eyebrows and hairline
During the Middle Ages, women wore colored makeup on their:
Lips
In Ancient Rome, haircolor was used by women to indicate:
Class in society
Archaeologists believe that the practices of hair cutting and hairstyling began sometime during the
Ice age
During the _____ women commonly used henna to add color to their lips and cheeks
Egyptian era
A ______ provides a connection between salons and their staff and the rest of the beauty industry by providing information about new products, new trends, and new techniques.
Distributor sales consultant
In order to get experience providing hairstyling services on film and TV sets, you should be prepared to ____ for a period of time.
Volunteer
To be a successful salon manager, you must have a. Aptitude for math and accounting and understand
Marketing
The curling iron was invented by
Marcel Grateau
The innovator who produced and sold makeup to movie stars that would not cake or crack under hot movie lights was
Max factor
In 2003, _____ introduced the first consumer oriented DVD to the professional salon industry in order to speak directly to consumer.
Sebastian international
The individual credited with coining the term “day spa” is
Noel DeCaprio
The beauty icon who turned the hairstyling world on its ear with revolutionary geometric cuts was
Vidal Sassoon
Short-term goals are those goals that can generally be completed within one ______ or less
Year
Which of these terms refers to the moral principles by which we live and work?
Ethics
All of the following are reasons why cosmetologists should study and have a through understanding of life skills.
Well-developed life skills help you deal with difficult clients and coworkers.
Practicing life skills leads to a more satisfying and productive career.
Life skills help you keep interactions with clients positive.
Which of the following is one of the guidelines for success?
Keep your personal life separate from your work
Which of the following is one of the recommended strategies for effectively managing your time?
Make time management a habit
Effective communicators usually have ____, caring personalities
Warm
In order to be diplomatic, you should be assertive rather than
Aggressive
It is recommended that would otherwise be wasted, such as while
Waiting in a doctor’s office
When we pay attention to our natural ____, we can learn how to manage our time efficiently.
Rhythms
Unfortunately, even if you are creative enough, talented enough, and motivated enough, you will still run into _______ as a cosmetologist
Difficulties
An in healthy compulsion to do things perfectly is called
Perfectionism
The conscious act of planning your life instead of just letting things happen is described as having
A game plan
The thing that propels you to do something is
Motivation
Putting off until tomorrow what you can do today is called
Procrastination
Self-________ involves knowing what you want to achieve and keeping yourself on track so that you do eventually achieve your goal
Centered ness
Your clothing should always be stylish and
Functional
The key to prevent repetitive motion injury is to be aware of
Body posture and movement
Behaving ________ includes having a genuine interest in your own day-to-day activities, as well as being concerned about and for others
Professionally
Your back and shoulders should be relaxed and __________ when you are providing client services.
Level
Opened-toed sandals are _________ footwear when working in a salon.
Inappropriate
The science of how a workplace can best be designed for comfort, safety, efficiency, and productivity is
Ergonomics
The daily maintenance of cleanliness is
Personal hygiene
The impression you project through your outward appearance and conduct in the workplace is your
Professional image
Your posture and the way you walk and move are part of your
Physical presentation
An important aspect of professional image is
Physical presentation
People who create conflict wherever they go typically do so because they are feeling
Insecure
In handling a client who is dissatisfied with a service, the ultimate goal is to
Make the client happy enough to pay for the service and return in the future
All of the following are golden rules of human relations
A smile is worth a million times more than a sneer
Always remember that listening is the best relationship builder
Laugh often
Step 6 of the 10-step consultation method is
Show and tell
All of the following are primary criteria to consider when suggesting hairstyle options to a client
Lifestyle
Face shape
Hair type
The ability to understand people is _______ to the success of a cosmetologist
Key
To earn clients’ __________ and loyalty, you should set aside a few minutes to take new clients on quick tour of the salon, smile, and be yourself.
Trust
If a client request a specific cut or color that she has seen on a celebrity, you should ________ explain whether the look is right for the client.
Diplomatically
If you have clients who are habitually ______, it is recommended that you ask them to arrive earlier than their actual appointment time.
Late
When you meet an older client for the time, it is recommended that you address her with a(n) ______, such as “Mrs. Smith.”
Honorific
It is best to avoid using ______ terms when covering with clients.
Slang
As a cosmetologist, do not attempt to fulfill the role ________, career guide, parental sounding board, and motivational coach for your clients.
Counselor
If, during a discussion, a client is revealing increasingly personal details, it is recommended that you change the subject or _______ to help take her mind off of her troubles.
Suggest a mini relaxation service
You should be open and honest in all of your communications with coworkers, but you must also be ______ to circumstances in which being direct would be hurtful.
Sensitive
When you need to speak with your manager about an issue or problem, it is recommended that you ______ beforehand.
Think of possible solutions
The act of successfully sharing information between two people so that the information is understood is called
Effective communication
The document also known as client questionnaire or consultation card is the
Intake form
The verbal communication also known as the needs assessment is the
Client consultation
Instead of the term client, patrons of day spa are commonly called
Guests
The term commonly used for patrons of medical spas is
Clients
Cocci are bacteria that are
Round-shaped
Which type of bacteria can cause strep throat or blood poisoning?
Streptococci
Bacteria that grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia are
Diplococci
Lyme disease and syphilis are caused by spiral or corkscrew-shaped Bacteria called
Spirilla
In 2000, a bacteria called Mycobacterium fortuitum caused a client outbreak due to the failure of the practitioner to follow proper disinfection guidelines for
Whirlpool foot spas
Bacteria generally consist of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called
Protoplasm
The process whereby bacteria grow, reproduce, and divide into two new cells is
Binary fission
The presence of pus is a sign of
Bacterial infection
A ______ infection appears as a lesion containing pis and is confined to a particular part of the body.
Local
Which of the following is a condition caused by an infestation of head lice?
Pediculosis capitis
The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection is called
Immunity
Disinfectants used in salons must carry a(n) ________ registration number.
Environmental protection agency (EPA)
Which agency publishes the guidelines known as Universal Precautions?
OSHA
A salon implement that accidentally come in contact with blood or body fluids must be thoroughly cleaned and
Completely immersed in an EPA-registered disinfectant
Disinfectants with a high pH that can cause skin irritation or burn the skin or eyes are
Phenolic disinfectants
When washing your hands, you apply soap, lather and scrub your hands and under the free edges of nails with a nail brush for at least
1 minute
Antiseptics are effective for
Killing germs in the hands
Universal Precautions require employees to assume that human blood and body fluids are infectious for
Blood borne pathogens
Which of the following is part of your professional responsibilities?
Follow state and federal laws
Keep your license current
Check for changes to rules
When disinfecting a whirlpool foot spa after use by a client, you must circulate the disinfectant for ______ or the time recommended by the manufacturer
10 minutes
You should clean a whirlpool foot spa and leave disinfectant solution in it overnight
At least once a week
After cleaning and disinfecting a pipe-less foot spa at the end of the day, how should you dry it?
With a clean paper towel
Which form of hepatitis is most difficult to kill on a surface?
Hepatitis B
Accelerated hydrogen peroxide, or AHP, is a recently approved form of disinfectant that only needs to be changed every
14 days
Mix disinfectants properly by
Adding disinfectant to water
Licensing, enforcement, and your conduct when you are working in the salon are regulated by ______ agencies.
State
Some _______ disinfectants are harmful to salon tools and equipment.
Tuberculocidal
As a cosmetologist, you are _______ to treatments for diseases.
Not allowed
Cosmetologists are not allowed to trim or cut living skin around
Any part of the nail
Fungal infections are much more common on the ________ than the hands.
Feet
A surface must be properly cleaned before it can be
Disinfected
Sterilization is the most reliable means of
Infection control
If the label on a disinfection product includes the word concentrate, it means that the product must be
Diluted before use
What solutions are ______ disinfectants when used properly in the salon
Very effective
Using _____ bleach can damage metal and plastic
Too much
Fumigants are _______ in salons because they produce potentially harmful formaldehyde gas
No longer used
Never let disinfectants such as phenols and quats come in contact with your
Skin
Items that are ______ are also considered absorbent
Porous
Salons should keep a _______ that identifies each time a piece of equipment is used, cleaned, disinfected, tested, and maintained.
Logbook
There is no additive, powder, or tablet that eliminates the need for you to _______ equipment such as whirlpool spas.
Clean and disinfect
Not having _______ available poses a health risk to anyone exposed to hazardous materials and violates federal and state regulations.
MSDS’s
Antimicrobial and antibacterial soaps are ______ regular soaps or detergents.
No more effective than
The ______ include hand washing, wearing gloves, and properly handling and disposing of items that may have been contaminated by blood or other body fluids.
Universal precautions
After they have been properly cleaned and disinfected, implements should be stored in a(n) ________ container.
Clean, covered
When cleaning and disinfecting a ____, remove the impeller, footplate, and any other removable parts according to the manufacturer’s instructions
Pipe-less foot spa
At the end of every day, you should properly clean the nonwhirlpool foot basin or tub and then add appropriate amount of disinfectant and let it soak for
10 minutes
Before beginning any service, you should wash your hands using pump soap, water, and
Clean, disinfected nail brush
Something caused by or capable of being transmitted by
Infectious
The one-called microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics are called
Bacteria
The transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, or talking is know as _______ transmission.
Direct
Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with a(n) ________, such as a razor or an environmental surface, is indirect transmission.
Intermediate contaminated object
Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms are called
Toxins
A disease that is spread by contact from one person to another person is a(n)
Contagious disease
A disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that enter the body, and which may or may not be spread from one person to another person, is a(n)
Infectious disease
The scientific name for plantar warts is
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Any organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size is a(n)
Microorganism
The removal of potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface and the removal of visible debris or residue is called
Decontamination
A(n) _______ disease affects the body as a whole, often due to under- or over-functioning of internal glands or organs.
Systemic
The determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or tests is a(n)
Diagnosis
A(n) ______ is a condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection.
Inflammation
A parasitic disease is caused by
Parasites
A(n) _______ is a submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms and is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell’s reproductive function.
Virus
The virus that causes AIDS is
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Contact with no intact skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employee’s duties is a(n)
Exposure incident
The scientific name for barber’s itch is
Tinea Barbara
Organisms that grow, feed, and find shelter on or in another organism, while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism, are
Parasites
The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface or visible debris or residues is called
Contamination
The term _________ describes a ringworm fungus of the foot.
Tinea pedis
A reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances is a(n)
Allergy
A(n) __________ is produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
Pathogenic disease
Illnesses resulting from conditions associated with employment
Occupational diseases
A(n) ________ is an abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of functioning normally
Disease
The basic unit of all living things is the
Cell
The dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is
Nucleus
Human cells reproduce by mitosis, dividing into two identical cells called
Daughter cells
The ______ is the protoplasm of a cell except for the protoplasm in the nucleus
Cytoplasm
The chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities is called
Metabolism
The constructive phase of metabolism is called
Anabolism
Which type of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body?
Muscle tissue
Which type of tissue lines the heart and the digestive and respiratory organs
Epithelial
The connection between two or more bones is called a
Joint
The ______ is the larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee
Tibia
The oval bony case they protects the brain is the
Cranium
The maxillae bones form the
Upper jaw
The two bones that form the sides and crown of the cranium are the
Parietal bones
The inner and larger phone in the fore arm attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the
Ulna
The foot is made up of _______ bones.
26
Which muscles are also known as a smooth muscles?
Nonstriated muscles
The part of the muscle that does not move is the
Origin
The broad muscle that covers the top of the head is the
Epicranious
The ______ are the muscles that straighten the wrist, hands, and fingers to form a straight line
Extensors
The muscles at the base of the fingers that draw the fingers together are the
Adductors
The system of nerves that carries impulses or messages to and from the central nervous system is called the
Peripheral nervous system
Sensory nerve endings called ______ are located close to the surface of the skin
Receptors
The largest artery in the human body is the
Aorta
The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the
Ulnar and radial arteries
The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot and divides into two separate arteries known as the
Anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries
The ______ is the primary needs a muscle of concern to cosmetologist
Procerus
The mental nerve affects the skin of the
Lower lip and chin
The _____ cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face
Seventh
The greater occipital nerve is located at the ______ of the head and affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head
Back
The median nerve supplies impulses to the
Arm and hand
The deep peroneal nerve is located in the
Front of the leg
Valves are structures that temporarily close a passage or permit blood flow in
Only one direction
Deoxygenated blood flows from the body into the
Right atrium
White blood cells are also known as
Leukocytes
Blood _____ the body’s temperature
Plays a role in equalizing
The ______ supplies blood to the muscle of the eyes
Infra orbital artery
The _______ drains the tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluid
Lymphatic system
The ____ is a gland of the endocrine system that secretes enzyme producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates proteins and fats
Pancreas
The ______ Glenn secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body including the fight or flight response
Adrenal
Digestive _____ are chemicals that change certain types of food into a soluble form that can be used by the body
Enzymes
The organ that controls the body is the
Brain
The organs that control the body’s vision are the
Eyes
The heart is the organ that circulates the body’s
Blood
The organs that excretes water and waste products are the
Kidneys
The lungs supply _____ to the blood
Oxygen
The ________ is the organ that removes waste created by digestion
Liver
The _____ covers the body and the external protective coating
Skin
The ______are the organs that Digest food
Intestines kidneys stomach
The ______ System controls the steady movement of the blood through the body
Circulatory
The _____ System changes food into nutrients and wastes
Digestive
The _______ System affect the growth development social functions and health of entire body
Endocrine
The ______ System purifies the body by the elimination of waste matter
Excretory
The _____ System serves as protective coating and helps regulate the body’s temperature
Integumentary
The ______System protects the body from disease by developing amenities and destroy disease causing toxins and bacteria
Lymphatic
The _______ System cover shapes and supports a skeletal tissue
Muscular
The ________ System controls and coordinates all other systems inside and outside of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently
Nervous
The ______ System controls the process by which plants and animals produce offspring
Reproductive
The ________ System enables breathing supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste product
Respiratory
The _______ System forms of physical foundation of the body
Skeletal
The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized is
Anatomy
Physiology is the study of the function and activities performed by the
Body’s structures
The study of tiny structures found in living tissues isn’t known as histology or
Microscopic anatomy
Urology is the study of the structure function and pathology of the
Nervous system
The study of nature structure function and diseases of the muscles is
Myology
Osteology is the study of anatomy structure and function of the
Bones
A(n) _______ is a physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails
Dermatologist
Healthy skin is
Smooth with a fine-grained texture
All of the following are appendages of the skin except
Adrenal glands
Which of the following correctly identifies the layers of the skin and far from the outermost layer to the innermost layer?
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
Cells that are almost dead and pushed to the surface to replace cells are shed from the
Stratum corneum
The layer directly beneath the epidermis is the
Papillary layer
Which type of tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body and provides a protective cushion?
Subcutaneous tissue
Which nerve fibers are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attach the hair follicles
Motor nerve fibers
Nerves that regulate the secretion of perspiration and sebum are
Secretory nerve fibers
Basic sensations such as touch pain heat quote and pressure are registered by
Nerve endings
The amount and type of pigment produced by an individual is determined primarily by his or her
Genes
Skin gets its strengths form and flexibility from
Collagen and elastin
The sudoriferous glands do not
Secrete a lubricating substance
To keep your body healthy you must be sure that what you eat
Regulates the function of your cells
Which vitamin accelerates the skins healing processing and is vitally important infighting the aging process
Vitamin C
The epidermis is the _____ layer of the skin
Thinnest
The scalp has larger and deeper _____ then ball skin on the rest of the body
Hair follicles
It is ______ for a cosmetologist to completely remove a client’s callus in the salon
Prohibited
One of the best ways to follow a healthy diet is to read
Food labels
Emotional stress and hormones imbalances can increase the flow of
Sebum
To function correctly the body needs
Carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals and water
The USDA recommends that people eat
Moderate amounts of salt and sugar
Vitamin pills are considered
Nutritional supplements
The appropriate amount of water on a person should drink each day is determined by the persons
Weight
Lack of water is the principal cause of
Daytime fatigue
Small cone shaped elevation at the bottom of the hair follicles are
Dermal papillae
The layer of the epidermis where the process of skin cell shedding begins is the
Stratum spinosum
The coiled base of the sudoriferous gland is known as the
Secretory coil
A small round elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but me the phone plus is a
Papule
Fatty tissue found below the dermis ______ tissue
Subcutaneous
An inflamed pimple containing pus is a
Pustule
The outer layer of the dermis is the ____ layer
Papillary
The layer of the epidermis that is composed of cells filled with keratin is the
Stratum granulosum
A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair is
Sebum
The leader of the epidermis also known as a basal cell layer is the
Stratum germinativum
Approximately ________ percent of skin aging is caused by the rays of the sun
80-85
It is recommended that you wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least ________ on a daily basis
15
A _________ is an abnormal rounded solid lump larger than a papule and located above, within, or under the skin
Tubercle
Which of these terms refers to thin dry or oily plates of epidermal flakes?
Scales
Keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible openings are
Milia
An open comedo is commonly known as a
Blackhead
Which of these is an uncomfortable, and often chronic, disease of the skin, characterized by inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching?
Eczema
A _______ is an abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and irregular shape.
Stain
The absence of melanin pigment from the body and skin sensitivity to light are signs of
Albinism
What is the most dangerous type of skin cancer, often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised?
Malignant melanoma
A cosmetologist must not serve a client who is suffering from an inflamed skin disorder, regardless of whether it is infectious, unless the client
Has a physician’s note permitting the client to receive services
A skin condition caused by inflammation of the sebaceous glands is
Seborrheic dermatitis
The term _______ refers to abnormal coloration that accompanies a skin disorder or systemic disorder
Dyschromia
A(n) ________ is a type of keratoma
Callus
Acne is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the _______ gland.
Sebaceous
Acne is affected by generic and ____ factors
Hormonal
Noncomedogenic products are specifically designed not to clog the
Follicles
People have ______ over the extrinsic factors that affect aging, but not the intrinsic factors.
Considerable control
The best defense against pollutants is to
Follow a good daily skin care routine
Irritant contact dermatitis occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the
Epidermis
A pustule is a raised, inflamed pimple containing _______ in the top of the lesion
Pus
A ______ is a large, protruding, pocket-like lesion filled with sebum
Sebaceous cyst
Any flat spot or discoloration on the skin left after a pimple has healed is a
Macule
Foul-smelling perspiration caused by bacteria is
Bromhidrosis
A(n) ______ is a slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed
Scar
The contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions is
Impetigo
A ________ is an itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours.
Wheal
A(n) _________ is a crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis
Fissure
A small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis is a
Vesicle
The acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin is
Miliaria rubra
A normal, healthy nail
Is shiny
The portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits is called the
Nail bed
The _______ is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail
Lunula
The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the
Free edge
A _____ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place
Ligament
The ______ is the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail
Sidewall
After an injury, infection, or disease, the natural nail will return to its healthy growth as long as the ________ is healthy and undamaged
Matrix
Replacement of the natural fingernail usually takes about
4 to 6 months
The finger nail on the _____ typically grows slowest
Thumb
The nail has a water content between
15 and 25 percent
The natural nail is an appendage of the
Skin
The appearance of the nails can reflect the general health of the
Body
The _______ is relatively porous and will allow water to pass through
Nail plate
