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CDI 2 > All Chapters 🍻 > Flashcards

All Chapters 🍻 Flashcards

1
Q

Collection of facts in order to obtain the three-fold aims

A

Criminal investigation

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2
Q

What are the three-fold aims

A

To identify the guilty party
To locate the guilty party
To provide evidence of his guilt

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3
Q

Unique and often require the application of Legal Medicine and requires special training to fully understand their broad significance

A

Special crime investigation

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4
Q

Branch of medicine which deals with the application of medical knowledge to the purposes of law

A

Legal Medicine

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5
Q

Primarily the application of medicine to legal cases

A

Legal medicine

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6
Q

Application of medical science to elucidate legal problems

A

Forensic medicine

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7
Q

Physician who specializes or involve primarily with medico legal duties

A

Medical Jurist

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8
Q

Other term for medical jurist

A

Medicolegal officer
Medicolegal expert
Medical examiner

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9
Q

Rule of conduct, just, obligatory, laid by legitimate power for common observance and benefit

A

Law

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10
Q

Forms of law

A

Written/Statutory Law (Lex Scripta)
Unwritten/Common Law (Lex non Scripta)

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11
Q

Composed of laws which are produced by the country’s legislations

A

Written/Statutory Law (Lex Scripta)

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12
Q

Based on immemorial custom and usages

A

Unwritten/Common Law (Lex non Scripta)

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13
Q

Denotes anything belonging to the court

A

Forensic

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14
Q

Science is art dealing with prevention, cure, and alleviation of diseases

A

Medicine

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15
Q

Pertains to law, arising out of, by virtue of or included in Law

A

Legal

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16
Q

Science giving wise interpretation of the law and making just application of the to all cases as they arise

A

Jurisprudence

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17
Q

Knowledge of law in relation to the practice of medicine

A

Medical Jurisprudence

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18
Q

Principle of Stare Decises

A

To stand by the things decided

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19
Q

Means, sanctioned by the Rules of Court, of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact

A

Evidence

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20
Q

Employed to prove a fact is medical in nature

A

Medical evidence

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21
Q

Types of medical evidence

A

Autoptic evidence
Testimonial evidence
Experimental evidence
Documentary evidence

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22
Q

Physician may be commanded to appear before a court to give his testimony

A

Testimonial evidence

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23
Q

Not proceeding from the personal knowledge of the witness

A

Hearsay Evidence ( second hand evidence )

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24
Q

Exception to hearsay rule

A

Dying declaration

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25
Q

Physician who testifies in court matters perceived from his patient in the course of physician-patient relation

A

Ordinary witness

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26
Q

Physician in account of his training and experience can give his opinion on a set of medical facts

A

Expert witness

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27
Q

Medical witness may be allowed by the court to confirm his allegation or as a corroborated proof an opinion he previously stated in full view of the court

A

Experimental evidence

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28
Q

This means that the conduct of experiment should be with the presence of the Judge

A

In full view of the court

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29
Q

Written evidence presented to the court by expert witness about the subject matter in dispute
Recorded by means of letters, figures, or mark

A

Documentary evidence

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30
Q

Examples of Medical Documentary Evidence

A

Medical Certificate or report
Medical Expert Opinion
Deposition

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31
Q

Medical Certification or report on:

A

Medical examination report
Physical examination report
Necropsy/Autopsy report
Laboratory report
Exhumation report
Birth certificate
Death certificate

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32
Q

Testimony of a physician on account of his training and expertise can give his own opinion on set of medical facts

A

Medical expert opinion

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33
Q

Testimony of a witness taken upon oral question or written interrogation

A

Deposition

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34
Q

Recognition of individual determine by characteristics which distinguish thay individual from all others

A

Identification

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35
Q

Rules in personal identification

A

Law of multiplicity of evidence

The value of different points of identification varies on formulation of conclusion

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36
Q

Methods of identification

A

By comparison
By exclusion

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37
Q

Recovered during investigation are compared with records available in the file

A

By comparison

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38
Q

Process of elimination

A

By exclusion

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39
Q

Points of identification applicable to living persons only

A

Characteristics that may be easily changed

Characteristics that may not be easily changed

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40
Q

Characteristics that may be easily changed

A

Growth of hair, beard and mustache
Clothing
Frequent place of visit
Grade of profession
Body ornamentions

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41
Q

Characteristics that may not be easily changed

A

Mental memory
Speech
Gait
Mannerism

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42
Q

Forms of gait

A

Ataxic gait
Cerebellar gait
Cows gait
Paretic gait
Spastic gait
Festinating gait
Frog gait
Waddling gait

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43
Q

Gait pattern

A

Direction line
Gait line
Foot line
Foot angle
Principal angle
Length of step
Breadth of step

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44
Q

Scientific method of identification

A

Fingerprinting
Dental identification
Identification of skeleton
Identification of blood and blood stained

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45
Q

Considered to be the most valuable method of identification

A

Fingerprinting

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46
Q

Fingerprinting is universally used because:

A

There are no two identical fingerprints
Fingerprints are not changeable

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47
Q

In case of fresh bodies

A

Unclenched
Small incision
Contraction

48
Q

Washerwomen skin

A

Glycerin to smoothen the surface

49
Q

Floater

A

Fingertips cut away
The person taking the prints places a portion of the skin on his right index finger protected by rubber gloves and takes the print after inking the fingertip

50
Q

Hardest substance of the human body

A

Enamel of the teeth

51
Q

Application of dental science to legal investigation

A

Forensic odontology

52
Q

In examination of bones the following points can be determined

A

Whether the remains are of human origin

Whether the remains belonging to single person or not

Sex

53
Q

Wide, smooth, lighter

A

Female

54
Q

Heavy but smaller

A

Men

55
Q

Pointers to be considered in blood and blood stained

A

Determine whether the stain is blood or not

If blood, determination whether blood or not

If human blood, determination of the blood group or blood type does it belong

Characteristics of the stain and the stained material

56
Q

Characteristics of stain and the stained material

A

Age of the stain
Color of the stain
The manner, degree and condition of the article which have been stained

57
Q

Termination of life
Complete cessation of all the vital organ
Irreversible loss of property of living matter

A

Death

58
Q

Kinds of death

A

Somatic/Clinical death
Molecular/Cellular death
Apparent death/State of Suspended Animation

59
Q

Complete, persistent and continuous cessation of the vital function

A

Somatic Death/ Clinical Death

60
Q

Somatic/clinical type of death

A

Sociological death
Psychic death
Biologic death
Physiologic death

61
Q

Withdrawal and separation from the patient. Isolation and abandonment

A

Sociological death

62
Q

Gives up or surrenders accepting death prematurely

A

Psychic death

63
Q

Absence of cognitive awareness
Artificial life support system

A

Biologic death

64
Q

Vital organs cease to function

A

Physiologic death

65
Q

There is still animal life among individuals cell

A

Molecular/Cellular death

66
Q

Not really death but merely a transient loss of the vital function

A

Apparent Death/ State of Suspended Animation

67
Q

Methods of detecting the cessation of the heart action and circulation

A

Examination of the heart
Examination of the peripheral circulation

68
Q

Examination of the heart

A

Palpation of the pulse

Auscultation for the heart sound at the precordial area

Fluoroscopic examination

By the use of electrocardiograph

69
Q

Region of the wrist or at neck

A

Palpation of the pulse

70
Q

Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart is audible though the stethoscope

A

Auscultation for the heart sound at the precordial area

71
Q

Reveal the shadow of the heart

A

Fluoroscopic examination

72
Q

Heartbeat is accompanied by the passage of electrical charge
Best method of determining heart action but quite impractical

A

By the use of electrocardiograph

73
Q

Examination of the peripheral circulation

A

Magnus test
Opening of the small artery
Icards test
Pressure on the fingernails
Diaphanous test
Application of heat on the skin
Palpation of the radial pulse with finger

74
Q

Ligature is applied around the base of the finger with moderate tightness

A

Magnus’ test

75
Q

Living: the blood escapes jerk and at a distance
Dead: there is no jerking escape of blood

A

Opening of small artery

76
Q

Injection solution of fluorescein subcutaneously
Applied only with the use of daylight

A

Icards’ test

77
Q

Living: paleness
Dead: no such change of color

A

Pressure on the fingernails

78
Q

Finger webs are viewed through a strong light
Living: red
Dead:yellow

A

Diaphanous test

79
Q

Living: blister
Dead: not produce true blister, no sign of congestion

A

Application of heat on the skin

80
Q

Living: feel the rhythmic pulsation
Dead: no such pulsation will be observed

A

Palpation of the radial pulse with fingers

81
Q

Cessation of respiration in order to be considered as a sign of death must be continuous and persistent

A

Stoppage of respiration

82
Q

Methods of detecting cessation of respiration

A

a) exposed the chest and abdomen and observe the movement during inspiration and respiration
b) examine the person with the aid of stethoscope
c) mirror test
d) examination with a feather or cotton fiber
e) examination with a glass of water
f) Winslow’s test

83
Q

Cold looking glass held in front of the mouth and nostril

A

Mirror test

84
Q

Place a fine feather or a strip of cotton on front of the lips and nostril

A

Examination with a feather of cotton fiber

85
Q

Place a glass half full of water at the region of the chest

A

Examination with a glass of water

86
Q

No movement of the image formed by reflecting artificial or sunlight

A

Winslow’s test

87
Q

Progressive fall of the body temperature

A

Algor mortis/cooling of the body

88
Q

Normal body temperature
Certain sign of death

A

37°C or 98.3°F

15 to 20°F

89
Q

Complete body relaxation of the whole muscular system

A

Changes in the muscle (3-6hrs after death)

90
Q

Entire muscular tissue passes three stages of after death

A

Stage of flaccidity
Stage of post-mortem rigidity
Stage of secondary flaccidity or secondary relaxation

91
Q

Muscular change upon death characterized the relaxation of muscles and loss their natural tone
This stage last for 3to4 hours after death

A

Stage of primary flaccidity
(post-mortem muscular irritability)

92
Q

Stiffening of the muscle of the body after death

A

Stage of post-mortem rigidity

93
Q

In warm country, this stage sets in from _____________ and fully developed in the body after ___________
It may last from _______

A

2to3 hrs
12hrs
18to36hrs

94
Q

Post-mortem rigidity AKA _________

A

Rigor mortis

95
Q

Conditions simulating Rigor mortis

A

Heat stiffening
Cold stiffening
Cadaveric spasm/instantaneous rigor

96
Q

Hardening of the muscles due to coagulation of muscles protein
Intense heat as by burning or immersion in a hot liquid

A

Heat stiffening

97
Q

Body is frozen
Due to solidification of fat when body is exposed to freezing temperatures

A

Cold stiffening

98
Q

Instant stiffening of a certain group of muscles
Violent death due to extreme nervous tension and injury to the central nervous system

A

Cadaveric spasm/instantaneous rigor

99
Q

Characterized by the softness and flaccidity of the muscles in which ni longer responses to electrical of mechanical stimuli

Stage is onset of putrefaction

A

Stage of secondary flaccidity or secondary relaxation

100
Q

Purplish discoloration of the body parts nearest to the floor

Mag start after 30mins of death and na kocomplete in 12hrs

A

Post-mortem lividity

101
Q

Post-mortem lividity AKA ……

A

Cadaveric lividity, post-mortem suggillation, post-mortem hypostasis, livor mortis

102
Q

Types of post-mortem lividity

A

Hypostatic lividity
Diffusion lividity

103
Q

Blood vessel still in fluid form
Occurs during the early stage of it’s formation

A

Hypostatic lividity

104
Q

Appears during the later stage of it’s formation when the blood has coagulated inside the blood vessel
Any change of position will not change the location of the lividity

A

Diffusion lividity

105
Q

Breaking down of the complex proteins into simpler components

A

Putrefaction

106
Q

Special modification of putrefaction

A

Mummification
Saponification or Adipocere formation

107
Q

Complete dehydration of all body tissue
Cadaver left in an extremely dry, hot area will mummify in about a year
Observed in warm country
Death in deserts, like Egypt, the body has more tendency to mummify

A

Mummification

108
Q

Kind of Mummification

A

Natural mummification
Artificial mummification

109
Q

Buried in hot, arid, sandy soil
Multiplication of putrefactive bacteria

A

Natural mummification

110
Q

Principles involved in artificial mummification

A

a) acceleration of the evaporation ot the tissue fluid of the body before the actual onset of decomposition
b) addition of some body preservatives. Like arsenic, formalin, resinous or tarry materials

111
Q

Condition wherein the fatty tissue of the body transformed to soft brownish-white substance known as Adipocere

A

Saponification or Adipocere formation

112
Q

Soapy or waxy material, rancid in smell dissolves in alcohol and when burned it produces yellow flame

A

Adipocere

113
Q

Universal donor

A

Type O

114
Q

Recipient

A

Type AB

115
Q

4 blood type

A

A
B
O
AB

CDI 2 (1 decks)

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