All Cards

Question 1

What is the W3C?

Answer 1

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or W3).
Purpose: Developing protocols and guidelines that ensure long-term growth for the Web.

Question 2

What is a Web Server?

Answer 2

• Web servers are computers that deliver (serves up) Web pages.
• Every Web server has an IP address and possibly a domain name.
• For example, if you enter the URL http://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.html in your browser, this sends a request to the Web server whose domain name is pcwebopedia.com. The server then fetches the page named index.html and sends it to your browser.
• Any computer can be turned into a Web server by installing server software and connecting the machine to the Internet.
• There are many Web server software applications, including public domain software from NCSA and Apache, and commercial packages from Microsoft, Netscape and others.

Question 3

What is IMAP?

Answer 3

• Internet Message Access Protocol
• a protocol for retrieving e-mail messages.
• The latest version, IMAP4, is similar to POP3 but supports some additional features.
• For example, with IMAP4, you can search through your e-mail messages for keywords while the messages are still on mail server. You can then choose which messages to download to your machine.
• IMAP was developed at Stanford University in 1986.
• An IMAP server typically listens on well-known port 143.

Question 4

What is a Web Architect?

Answer 4

Responsibilities:

1. Creating Application Architectures

An application architecture is a framework or template that is used as the basis for the design of an application. Ideally more than one application as this promotes reuse and better apps over time.

2. Design Solutions

Each project requires a solution that meets the customers requirements in terms of cost, time and effort. The architect will use the Application Architecture as the basis for the production of an application design that meets the customers requirements. Typically there are tradeoffs depending on the cusotmers priorities. The architect needs to be able to communicate these tradeoffs clearly to the customer so that the impacts of these trade-offs can be understood. The design produced should specify clearly:
> the overall structure of the application
> details of the the key components of the application
> details of all interfaces to other systems
> details of user interfaces

3. Consultancy

Architects are often assigned to projects as consultants or mentors to assist the project teams in coming up with good designs for their sites and applications.

Question 5

What is CAPTCHA?

Answer 5

A CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a challenge-response system test designed to differentiate humans from automated programs. A CAPTCHA differentiates between human and bot by setting some task that is easy for most humans to perform but is more difficult and time-consuming for current bots to complete.

Question 6

Describe the tag?

Answer 6

The tag specifies an inline frame.

An inline frame is used to embed another document within the current HTML document.

• An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.

Question 7

What is DNS?

Answer 7

Short for Domain Name System (or Service or Server), an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. Because domain names are alphabetic, they’re easier to remember. The Internet however, is really based on IP addresses. Every time you use a domain name, therefore, a DNS service must translate the name into the corresponding IP address. For example, the domain name www.example.com might translate to 198.105.232.4.
The DNS system is, in fact, its own network. If one DNS server doesn’t know how to translate a particular domain name, it asks another one, and so on, until the correct IP address is returned.

Question 8

What are Server Side Technologies?

Answer 8

• Technologies that exist at the server side
• Where the real work occurs

Examples:
Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
Fast CGI
Mod Perl
Active Server Pages (ASP)
Personal Home Pages (PHP)
Cold Fusion
Java Servlets
Java Server Page (JSP)

Common Features:

• Read data submitted by the user
• Generate HTML dynamically based on user input
• Determine information about the client browser
• Access database systems
• Exploit the HTTP protocol

Question 9

What is a Mime?

Answer 9

Short for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, a specification for formatting non-ASCII messages so that they can be sent over the Internet. Many e-mail clients now support MIME, which enables them to send and receive graphics, audio, and video files via the Internet mail system. In addition, MIME supports messages in character sets other than ASCII.
There are many predefined MIME types, such as GIF graphics files and PostScript files. It is also possible to define your own MIME types.
In addition to e-mail applications, Web browsers also support various MIME types. This enables the browser to display or output files that are not in HTML format.
MIME was defined in 1992 by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). A new version, called S/MIME, supports encrypted messages.

Question 10

What is Ontology?

Answer 10

In information technology, an ontology is the working model of entities and interactions in some particular domain of knowledge or practices, such as electronic commerce or “the activity of planning.” In artificial intelligence ( AI ), an ontology is, according to Tom Gruber, an AI specialist at Stanford University, “the specification of conceptualizations, used to help programs and humans share knowledge.” In this usage, an ontology is a set of concepts - such as things, events, and relations - that are specified in some way (such as specific natural language) in order to create an agreed-upon vocabulary for exchanging information.

Question 11

What is XML?

Answer 11

• XML was designed to transport and store data.
• HTML was designed to display data.
• XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language
• XML is a markup language much like HTML
• XML was designed to carry data, not to display data
• XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags
• XML is designed to be self-descriptive
• XML is a W3C Recommendation

Question 12

How should web content be displayed differently to a typical academic essay?

Answer 12

Academic essays typically adopt a pyramid approach starting with a broad introduction to the topic which is gradually distilled into a narrower argument or exposition in the body. In Web Development this is not appropriate. Rather, the essential information should be presented immediately with the option of digging deeper if desired. This approach looks more like and inverted pyramid and the idea is inspired from journalistic styles of writing.

Question 13

What is a proxy server?

Answer 13

A proxy server is a server (computer system or application) that acts as a middleman between a client making a request and a server hosting that request. Originally, proxy servers were designed to add structure and encapsulation to distributed networks. Today proxy servers are commonly used to provide anonymity to users wishing to hide their location.

There are three main types of proxy:

Forward: The intranet proxy sends a request to the internet.

Reverse: The intranet proxy receives a request form the clients on the internet.

Open Proxy: Accessible by any internet user.

Question 14

How can proxy servers benefit internet access?

Answer 14

1) Proxy servers can be used to authenticate a request made by a client before allowing the query to reach a companies internal servers.
2) Proxy servers can also be used to analyse the users geo-locations so that they can be given access to geo-tailored content.
3) Secure and Private Browsing: A proxy server conceals the internal clients from the external network. As the proxy server is in the vanguard, your identity is hidden. This means you are protected from spam and hacker attacks. Most proxy servers do not use cookies; this means that there is no way your info is stored anywhere in their databanks.
4) Caching: This feature reduces your bandwidth use. When proxy servers cache data, work is speeded up. For example, let’s suppose User A has opened site xyz, and it takes 12 seconds for it to load. When User B tries to access the same site, the server will give him the cached page which means it will take hardly 5-6 seconds for the site to load, and it will not use any bandwidth. Overall the delivery of web content is far more efficient. Proxy servers basically, reduce the time you need for a site to be ‘fetched’.
5) Admin: This is very useful for large businesses, where several users are trying to access the Internet through one proxy server. The administrator can easily set firewalls and block sites (porn, social networking, gaming sites and the like) for all users. Filtering content is one of the most common uses of proxy servers.

Question 15

What are the similarities between XML and XHTML?

Answer 15

• Both languages are created using tags but with XML you pretty much create your own and is only a form of data storage.
• HTML and XML are both markup languages that are used on the web
• HTML and XML can be read by software, but people use internet browsers.

Question 16

What is Rule #1 of XML?

Answer 16

XML Rule #1: Making a Declaration

Computers are dumb. They need instructions. That is where the XML declaration comes into play.

‹?xml version= “1.0”›

This is the bare essential declaration statement and the first line of every XML document. The declaration is a processing instruction that tells the browser, “Watch for XML.”

Question 17

What is Rule #2 of XML?

Answer 17

XML Rule #2: Root Elements

All XML documents must have one root element that contains all other elements. Think of the root element as a filing cabinet. A filing cabinet keeps all the files together so there is no chaos. Essentially, that is the job of the root element too. A root element is a container that packages the individual elements of the XML document. For this example, the root element is ‹message.

‹?xml version= “1.0”›
‹message›- root element

Question 18

What is a proxy server?

Answer 18

A proxy server is a server (computer system or application) that acts as a middleman between a client making a request and a server hosting that request. Originally, proxy servers were designed to add structure and encapsulation to distributed networks. Today proxy servers are commonly used to provide anonymity to users wishing to hide their location.

Question 19

What is Rule #1 of XML?

Answer 19

XML Rule #1: Making a Declaration

Computers are dumb. They need instructions. That is where the XML declaration comes into play.

‹?xml version= “1.0”›

This is the bare essential declaration statement and the first line of every XML document. The declaration is a processing instruction that tells the browser, “Watch for XML.”

Question 20

What is Rule #2 of XML?

Answer 20

XML Rule #2: Root Elements

All XML documents must have one root element that contains all other elements. Think of the root element as a filing cabinet. A filing cabinet keeps all the files together so there is no chaos. Essentially, that is the job of the root element too. A root element is a container that packages the individual elements of the XML document. For this example, the root element is ‹message.

‹?xml version= “1.0”›
‹message›- root element

Question 21

What is Rule #3 of XML?

Answer 21

All Elements Must have an Opening and Closing Tag

XML documents work as in hierarchical structure, what is often referred to as a tree structure. What opens must close; this means all opening tags must also have closing tags.

‹?xml version= “1.0”›
‹message›- root element
‹/message› - root element closing tag

Most web browsers will forgive the closing tag transgression in HTML. In XML, it is absolute. If you fail to incorporate a closing tag into the structure of your XML, you will confuse the computer. The name of the element in the closing tag must match the opening tag exactly.

‹MESSAGE›
‹message›
‹/messages›

XML sees all three of these tags differently. It will only recognize open and closing tags that match precisely.

Question 22

Other Rules of XML?

Answer 22

All tags must be a container tag or non-empty tag

Question 23

How can proxy servers benefit internet access?

Answer 23

Proxy servers can be used to authenticate a request made by a client before allowing the query to reach a companies internal servers. These proxy servers can also be used to analyse the users geo-locations so that they can be given access to geo-tailored content.

Question 24

i.

Describe the outcome.

Answer 24

HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.

An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements.

The tag is used to create an HTML form.

The id attribute defines a CSS selector that will help style the form.

The name attribute identifies this particular form for use in the PHP script that handles the form.

The method attribute specifies how to send form-data (the form-data is sent to the page specified in the action attribute).

The form-data can be sent as URL variables (with method=”get”) or as HTTP post transaction (with method=”post”).

Notes on GET:

Appends form-data into the URL in name/value pairs
The length of a URL is limited (about 3000 characters)
Never use GET to send sensitive data! (will be visible in the URL)
Useful for form submissions where a user want to bookmark the result
GET is better for non-secure data, like query strings in Google

Notes on POST:

Appends form-data inside the body of the HTTP request (data is not shown in URL)
Has no size limitations
Form submissions with POST cannot be bookmarked

The action attribute specifies where to send the form-data when a form is submitted.

Question 25

What should Developers be aware of with regard to Proxy servers?

Answer 25

Although caching does increase the speed of access, because you are accessing the material locally it may not be current. If the material was changed on the remote server on the internet then the material on your local proxy server will not match this new content.

Question 26

Make a small table in HTML with rows, headings, and data

Answer 26

Firstname Lastname Points Eve Jackson 94

Question 27

What methods are available for getting comments from a visitor of a webpage?

Answer 27

1. Python 2. C# 3. PHP

Question 28

How do hyperlinks work?

Answer 28

Hyperlinks work by encapsulating url addresses inside click-able text or images. Clicking on such an image/text passes the hidden url to the web browser. Hyperlinks can also link videoclips and audio as well as webpages.

Question 29

Discuss hyper-links with reference to tags..

Answer 29

The hyper-link tag is: The click-able text goes here The tag has a few commonly used attributes> 1) href: specifies the URL of the page to be visited. 2) target: specifies how the link should be opened, as a tab or on the same page etc... 3) download: new to HTML 5, specifies that the target will be downloaded once the link is clicked on.

Question 30

What are the different types of links?

Answer 30

1) Relative Links 2) Site Relative Links 3) Absolute Links Relative link rely on the path of the file they are located in. To go up a directory you need to do the following: Go To Page 2 To go down a directory you must do this: Go To Page 3 Absolute links do not relate to the path of the file they are in. Instead - clicking on the example link will take you directly to the page - no matter what file it is placed in. Most absolute links begin with "http://" and follow this simple format: Go To My Site For site relative links we use a slash / to signify the root od the site. Thus the following urls are equivalent: Go To Page 4 and... Go To Page 4

Question 31

Advantages of Python for retrieving info from webpage

Answer 31

--

Question 32

i. Describe the outcome.

Answer 32

HTML forms are used to pass data to a server. An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements. The tag is used to create an HTML form. The id attribute defines a CSS selector that will help style the form. The name attribute identifies this particular form for use in the PHP script that handles the form. The method attribute specifies how to send form-data (the form-data is sent to the page specified in the action attribute). The form-data can be sent as URL variables (with method="get") or as HTTP post transaction (with method="post"). Notes on GET: Appends form-data into the URL in name/value pairs The length of a URL is limited (about 3000 characters) Never use GET to send sensitive data! (will be visible in the URL) Useful for form submissions where a user want to bookmark the result GET is better for non-secure data, like query strings in Google Notes on POST: Appends form-data inside the body of the HTTP request (data is not shown in URL) Has no size limitations Form submissions with POST cannot be bookmarked

Question 33

ii. Enter Name Describe the outcome.

Answer 33

The tag defines a label for an element. The element does not render as anything special for the user. However, it provides a usability improvement for mouse users, because if the user clicks on the text within the element, it toggles the control. The for attribute of the tag should be equal to the id attribute of the related element to bind them together. This code snippet simply labels the text to accompany the input box where the user should input their name.

Question 34

Write a short note on the protocols under which hyper-links operate?

Answer 34

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Question 35

iii. web
hardware

Answer 35

This code snippet simply labels and creates radio buttons for users to pick a module. The first module option (given a value of '1') is for Web modules. The second radiobutton option (that has a value of '2') is for Hardware modules. Both radiobutton options have CSS id selectors associated with them.

Question 36

What are the typical problems that arise with hyperlinks, their causes and their solutions?

Answer 36

The three most common problems with hyperlinks is that they 1) stop working, 2) or go to the wrong location. Also, a convention which is commonly ignored is the colouring of visited links. This is highly useful and time savining guiding users through the content on your site. Hyperlinks going the wrong locationis simply human error and may the result of carelessness. Broken hyperlinks may be a result of moving a files location inside the directory. Websites use site relative links and if a file is moved to another directory or its name is changed then this will affect any hyperlinks associated with that page.

Question 37

Describe 5 different job roles in a Web Development team.

Answer 37

The archetypal web team involves the following roles: 1. Senior Management Team (SMT) -approves online strategy, monitors high-level adherence to business goals and provides resource. 2. Web Steering Group (WSG) - expedites online strategy by co-ordinating development priorities among all departments with a stake in the web and reports progress to the Senior Management Team. - sets internal web standards (e.g. coding, online branding, etc.), monitors development on a cyclical basis and acts as a 'Court of Last Resort' for inter-departmental web conflict. 3. Web Manager - co-ordinates day-to-day maintenance required to ensure the site operates to a minimum acceptable standard. roject manages the implementation of all development activity approved by the WSG. The Web Manager monitors performance based on approved KPIs and ensures all activity conforms with required standards. 4. Content Producer - The role of a Content Producer is to create & maintain high quality online content - be that plain text, video, podcasts, twitter updates, etc. 5. Designer -To assist with defining the organisation's web design standards. To produce highly usable and visually engaging templates. To adhere to content production and development schedules, based on the advice of the Web Manager. 6. Developer - To assist with defining code standards. To expedite coding in support of maintenance and project requirements. To assist with technical activity in conjunction with other service providers, in particular hosting.

Question 38

What is SEO?

Answer 38

Search Engine Optimization is the process of improving the visibility of a website on organic ("natural" or un-paid) search engine result pages (SERPs), by incorporating search engine friendly elements into a website.

Question 39

Advantages of SEO:

Answer 39

FREE TARGETED TRAFFIC The primary advantage of SEO over any other type of internet marketing. Once your site is ranked in the top 10 for your keyword phrase, you should be able to keep it there with a minimum of fuss. This means that you will receive free traffic as long as you keep it up Superb ROI Return on investment is one of the major advantages of SEO over paid advertising.A site takes some time to get rank and after the site ranked, the ROI will be great. COST EFFECTIVENESS SEO is one of the most cost-effective ways of marketing. If the site is properly designed and optimized then it has a longer standings s compared to the Pay Per Click Advertising. BETTER USABILITY The site is easily available to the large portion of the online users. A better optimized and designed website always attracts lot of visitors HIGHER SALES Increased visibility, cost effectiveness and accessibility leads to the higher sales.

Question 40

Aspects of web design that increase SEO:

Answer 40

1. Add a blog 2. Add Google Analytics to each page 3. Reduce code bloat 4. Make each page unique 5. Use meta description tags 6. Remove repetitive wording from the website layout 7. Add footer links to every page 8. Create a separate web page for each keyword or keyword phrase 9. Use keyword rich title tags on each page

Question 41

What is the difference between a directory search and a keyword search?

Answer 41

A search engine, such as Yahoo or Google, is an online tool that helps users of the Internet find the sites and information they're looking for. Most search engines use automated programs (sometimes called spiders) to look for relevant information based on keywords entered by the user. A search directory, such as Yahoo Directory, is a catalog of websites organized by category to allow users to easily browse for the information they need. Unlike search engines, which locate and display relevant information based on a formula or algorithm using an automated software program, search directories are organized by real people who discover new sites and relevant information by exploring the Internet themselves and by reviewing submitted sites. Both search engines and directories can help drive customers to your website. Neither guarantees that your site will be included in their listings.

Question 42

What is CSS and what advantages does it offer web developers when it comes to accessibility and SEO.

Answer 42

1) CSS decreases the code to content ratio making it easier to crawl, leading to a better search index. CSS reduces the overall size of a website and therefore increases download speeds. 2) Using standard html tags such as

make important content easily identifiable 3) CSS allows you to put your content higher up in the HTML document making it more prominent to crawlers. Using CSS you can then style the content so that appears anywhere on the site, even though it remains on top of the HTMl doc. WARNING: One should never hide text using CSS; showing user-friendly text to the user and showing a different more crawler friendly version of the text to the crawlers. This can be seen as spamming and can result in penalization or banning.

Question 43

What is Scope Creep?

Answer 43

work with a new client starts off as well as you would expect, but over time the project seems to get bigger and bigger while your price remains the same. The client either (a) seems to think that the “extra”work is within the scope of the original agreement, or (b) simply doesn’t realize that he or she is asking for more than was originally agreed. Either way, you’re losing money. AKA scope creep is the process by which a project grows beyond its originally anticipated size.

Question 44

How can you avoid the monster that is Scope Creep?

Answer 44

Step 1: Understand the Outcome Step 2: Be Critical of Your Client’s Ideas Step 3: Clearly Define the Scope of Works Step 4: Price Right - breaking down projects into their smallest constituent parts and ensuring that everything is accounted for Step 5: Get It in Writing

Question 45

What does IT refer to?

Answer 45

Information Technology refers to all aspects of managing and processing information

Question 46

List 6 IT roles

Answer 46

1. Website designer 2. Web application developer 3. Web architect 4. Web site manager 5. DBA 6. Network engineer 7. SEO analyst

Question 47

What does Ontology refer to in a business context?

Answer 47

Ontology is the study of how a particular domain, or system, is organized. In business, ontology describes the flow of information through a business hierarchy. - Web Ontology Language (OWL)

Question 48

What is the importance of standards in IT?

Answer 48

Standards help govern with ease which information can be exchanged and understood between people, businesses and systems.

Question 49

ISO 9000

Answer 49

International Organization for Standardization

Question 50

W3C

Answer 50

World Wide Web Consortium

Question 51

IEFT

Answer 51

Internet Engineering Task Force

Question 52

IEEE

Answer 52

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Question 53

TIA

Answer 53

Telecommunications Industry Association

Question 54

What is Crowdsourcing?

Answer 54

a task ordinarily performed by one person is | outsourced to a large group or community

Question 55

What is understood by the term 'collective intelligence'?

Answer 55

– the ability of a group to exhibit a greater degree of intelligence by solving problems collaboratively compared to the intelligence of an individual member

Question 56

List some common technologies and tools.

Answer 56

1. Ajax - – enables Web applications to interact with users in much the same way they do with desktop applications 2. Wikis - Web pages that can be viewed and modified by anybody with a Web browser and access to the Internet 3. Folksonomy - – tagging of online contentso non‐technical users can classify and find information 4. Web feed services - content publicly available to users via Web feeds(e.g., RSS,Atom); syndication 5. Podcasts - audio/videodigital‐media files distributed throughWeb feedsto subscribed users 6. Semantic Web - Web data thatis contextualized with the addition of machine‐ readable metadata 7. Mash-ups - Web pages that integrate content and scripts from multiple Web sites to create new applications

Question 57

What does a 'Blog' refer to?

Answer 57

Blog (shortfor "Web log") – a collection of personal thoughts posted on a public Web site

Question 58

What is a Network?

Answer 58

– two or more computers linked together so they can communicate, share resources and exchange information

Question 59

What are networks used for?

Answer 59

* Networks allow users to: * Access shared programs and data * Transfer data fromone computer to another * Share peripheral devices such as printers * Share storage devicesto store data for backup * Use programs to communicate with other users * Access the Internet

Question 60

What is the Client/Server Model?*

Answer 60

– a network structure in which individual computers and devices interact with one another through a central server,to which they are all connected • Client – an individual computer connected to a network • Server – a computer that manages network resources • Node – an individual computer or other device connected to a network

Question 61

What is a LAN?

Answer 61

Local Area Network. A group of computers connected within a confined geographic area. E.g. An organization owns all network components.

Question 62

What is a WAN?

Answer 62

Two or more connected LANs that span a wide geographic area. The organization typically leases some of the components needed to transmit data,such as high‐speed telephone lines or wireless transmission equipment

Question 63

What is the Internet?

Answer 63

• Internet – a vast network of LANs and WANs that electronically connects millions of people worldwide • The Internet was formed in 1969 by ARPA, whose network, ARPANET, featured multiple servers and connections

Question 64

What is a web browser?

Answer 64

– a software application that enables users to easily access, view and navigate Web pages on the Internet

Question 65

What is TCP/IP?

Answer 65

- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) • TCP/IP – software that makes Internet communication possible

Question 66

What components are necessary for a connection to the Internet?

Answer 66

* Six elements are required to connect to the Internet: * Computer * Operating system * TCP/IP * Clientsoftware * Internet connection (directthrough an ISP) * Internet address

Question 67

What is HTTP?

Answer 67

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP) – used to transfer Web pages from a Web server to a Web client (Web browser)

Question 68

What is HTTPS?

Answer 68

- Used to access a secure web server

Question 69

What is FTP?

Answer 69

Used to transfer files between computers on the Interent.

Question 70

What is SMTP?

Answer 70

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Used to transfer e‐mail messages to others with an outgoing mailserver

Question 71

What is POP?

Answer 71

``` – used to receive e‐mail from an incoming mail server • Forces you to download e‐mail messages before reading and managing them • Current version is POP3 ```

Question 72

What is IMAP?

Answer 72

``` – used to receive e‐ mail from an incoming mail server • Allows you to manage e‐mail messages while they reside on the server • Current version isIMAP4 ```

Question 73

What is DNS?

Answer 73

Resolves IP addresses easily into recognizable names

Question 74

What is Cloud Computing?

Answer 74

a paradigm in which users access software and services remotely over the Internet

Question 75

What are the characteristics of Cloud Computing?

Answer 75

* Reliance on only a Web browser to access services * No browser preference * No operating system preference

Question 76

What is a URL?

Answer 76

Uniform Resource Locator. URLs typically include the protocol, the Internet resource (server or host name) and the domain name

Question 77

What is a Proxy Server (Take 2)?

Answer 77

Proxy servers are placed between corporate networks and the Internet: - Web document caching - Corporate firewall access

Question 78

What is JavaScript?

Answer 78

An event‐driven scripting language | designed to react whenever events occur

Question 79

What is a plug-in?

Answer 79

Plug-ins are programs designed to extend basic browser functionality. They provide efficient integration of multimedia formats with browser and computer.

Question 80

What is a Database?

Answer 80

An organized collection of information that pertains to a particular subject or purpose.

Question 81

What's the difference between Search Engines and Information Portals?

Answer 81

• Search engine – uses a robot or spider program to browse the Web following hyperlinks, and index the content that it finds • Information portal – only finds Web sites based on manual submissions - More likely to find high-quality content form Information Portals

Question 82

Difference between a Keyword Search and Directory Search.*

Answer 82

Directory search – search engine displays a list of categories and subcategories that you can browse to find information • Keyword search – you enter keywords in a search engine to query an index

Question 83

What is a MIME?

Answer 83

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions - – enables operating | systems to map file name extensions to corresponding applications

Question 84

SMIME

Answer 84

Secure MIME. Adds encryption to MIME data.

Question 85

Name 3 types of encryption.

Answer 85

1. Symmetric (private-key) encryption - the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt messages. 2. Asymmetric (public and private key) - Two keys are used to encrypt and decrypt messages - a public key and a private key. 3. Hash (one-way) encryption - Uses hashes to verify the integrity of transmitted messages.

Question 86

What is SSL?

Answer 86

Secure Sockets Layer. A protocol for secure exchanges. - Authenticates using digital certificates. - Provides for data encryption

Question 87

What is TLS?

Answer 87

Transport Layer Security. Provides for encryption and authentication.

Question 88

What is Typosquatting?

Answer 88

Registering a domain name similar to a high‐ volume site hoping to receive traffic from users seeking the high‐volume site who mistakenly enter an incorrect URL in the browser - Also known as URL hi-jacking

Question 89

What is a Firewall?

Answer 89

– a collection of hardware,software and corporate policies that prevents unauthorized access to or from private networks

Question 90

What is a List Server?

Answer 90

Collects and distributes information to and from listserve groups

Question 91

What is a list server group?

Answer 91

Participants who subscribe to a mailing list through a list server.

Question 92

Virtual Network Computing (VNC)

Answer 92

Allows you to control a computer at a remote location as if you were sitting in front of it

Question 93

What is a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network?

Answer 93

On the internet, a P2P network allows a group of users to connect with each other an directly share files among their HDs. Therefore, each computer has both client and server capabilities. - Inexpensive -Allow users to share bandwidth Example, BitTorrent

Question 94

What is proprietary software?

Answer 94

Software that is owned by an author or entity

Question 95

What is a EULA?

Answer 95

End User License Agreement. A legal contract between the author of a software and the end user who uses the s/w

Question 96

What is meant by 'Scope Creep'?

Answer 96

Gradual increases in project scope that occur in small increment over time.

Question 97

What are the phases of Project Management?

Answer 97

1. Initiating phase 2. Planning phase 3. Execution phase 4. Controlling phase 5. Closing phase

Question 98

What is SGML?

Answer 98

Standard Generalized Markup Language. • Originally created by IBM in 1986 • A metalanguage, meaning it is used to create other languages • The basis for HTML, XHTML and XML • You create your own document rules using a Document TypeDefinition (DTD)

Question 99

What is XML?

Answer 99

* Extensible Markup Language (XML) * A subset of SGML, also a metalanguage * XML describes data instead of formatting * HTML or XHTML provides formatting and document structure

Question 100

What are the benefits of following standards?

Answer 100

Benefits of following standards include: • Code will render as expected in more browsers • Pages will be more scalable (as you addmore sophisticated content, you will not run into problems) • Pages are more likely to be available to disabled users

Question 101

What is ADA?

Answer 101

Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA) • Enforced by the U.S.Justice Department • Requires Web designersto create "reasonable accommodations" for disabled users: • Ensuring that all images have text‐based descriptions • Providing text‐based alternatives to all non‐text content (e.g., Java applets and Flash presentations) • Providing easy‐to‐read forms

Question 102

What are the advantages of CSS?

Answer 102

– Less‐cluttered HTML code, making it easier to read and maintain – The ability to change the look of a whole site by changing a single file – Greater control over the way page elements look

Question 103

What does the Cascading in CSS mean?

Answer 103

The cascade in CSS refers to the way that rules are added together and applied cumulatively. As a basic principle, style rules that appear lower down in a style sheet or block override any previous rulesin the case of a direct conflict.

Question 104

List 4 types of stylesheet specifications.

Answer 104

1. Linked 2. Embedded 3. Imported 4. Inline

Question 105

Difference between GET and POST method.

Answer 105

Get – The Form data is appended to the url. – User can see the data being sent in url in cleartext. •• Post – The form data is posted to the url • The data being sent is hidden from the user, It is more intensive, but can generally send more characters. • Whether you use get or post will also dictate how the parser receives the data! – $HTTP_GET_VARS[formItem '] – $HTTP_POST_VARS[‘formItem’]

Question 106

What were the goals of HTML5?

Answer 106

1. Reduced need for plugins 2. New features should be based on HTML, JS, CSS, and DOM 3. Error handling should be easier 4. Should be device independent 5. Development process visible to the piblic

Question 107

What's semantic markup?

Answer 107

The use of markup in a meaningful way to the browser and developer.

Question 108

Advantages of mySQLi over mySQL.

Answer 108

1. Supports both object-oriented and procedural programming methods 2. Supports multiple statements 3. Enhanced debugging capabilities 4. Support for prepared methods

Question 109

What is PHP?

Answer 109

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. Server-side scripting language. Helps create dynamic webpages. Integrated support for interfacing with databases (mySQL)

Question 110

Difference between Client-side scripting and Server-side scripting.

Answer 110

Client-side: Example, Javascript. Code is executed on the users machine when it is downloaded or called upon. Common tasks: pop up windows, animations, drop-down menus. Server-side scripting language: Performed on sites hosting server before page is delivered to user. Changes that must be made by script require a page refresh. Common tasks; user authentication, saving changes to database, retrieving entries for display.

Question 111

Adv of server-side scripting?

Answer 111

Independent of client's browser

Question 112

What is a Mash-up?

Answer 112

In web development, is a web page, or web application, that uses content from more than one source to create a single new service displayed in a single graphical interface. For example, you could combine the addresses and photographs of your library branches with a Google map to create a map mashup.[1] The term implies easy, fast integration, frequently using open application programming interfaces (open API) and data sources to produce enriched results that were not necessarily the original reason for producing the raw source data.

Question 113

Who founded HTML?

Answer 113

Tim Berners-Lee founded HTML - his effort to weld hypertext to a markup language in an attempt to make communication of research between himself and his colleagues simpler

Question 114

Describe four types of CSS selectors.

Answer 114

1. Class - modify an element or group of elements. In CSS, a class selector's name is prefixed by a period. Ex. .warningText { color: red; } 2. ID - can be used only once on each page. In HTML, you apply a unique identifier to a HTML element with the id attribute. Styles using a hash mark. Note: Classes be used multiple times on a webpage but IDs cannot. Typically, IDs are used to define one-off page elements such as structural divisions, whereas classes are used to define the style for multiple items. 3. Grouped - setting property values for a number of different selectors, you can use the grouped selector. Ex. h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 { color: green; } 4. Contextual - Advanced CSS; contextual selectors define property values for HTML elements depending on context.

Question 115

DTD

Answer 115

Document Type Definition. A Doctype declaration - indicates to a web browser what markup you're using 3 types. 1. XHTML Strict - does not allow use of presentational markup or deprecated elements. 2. XHTML Transitional - Can use deprecated elements. 3. XHTML Frameset - Frame-specific DTD

Question 116

What's the universal selector?

Answer 116

Selector whose styling applies to all elements on a webpage. * { margin: 0; padding: 0; }

Question 117

tracert command-line tool

Answer 117

helps visualize the path traffic takes between your computer and a web server traceroute sends a sequence of packets using the ICMP protocol (the same protocol used for the ping command.)

Question 118

Cache

Answer 118

Saves content locally. Speeds up internet.

Question 119

Codec

Answer 119

A codec is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal. The word codec is a portmanteau of "coder-decoder" or, less commonly, "compressor-decompressor"

Question 120

What's the purpose of the a web browser?

Answer 120

To read HTML documents and display them as web pages. Ex. Chrome, IE, Firefox, Safari.

Question 121

What does the meta tag do?

Answer 121

Provides metadata about the HTML document. Metadata will not be displayed on the page, but will be machine parsable.

Question 122

Block-level vs Inline elements.

Answer 122

Block-level elements are things like heading, and paragraphs. Inline elements involve strong, em, and underline tags that do not defect from the flow of content.

Question 123

Cookies

Answer 123

A cookie, also known as an HTTP cookie, web cookie, or browser cookie, is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored in a user's web browser while the user is browsing that website. Every time the user loads the website, the browser sends the cookie back to the server to notify the website of the user's previous activity.[1] Cookies were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember stateful information (such as items in a shopping cart) or to record the user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, or recording which pages were visited by the user as far back as months or years ago).

Question 124

DOM

Answer 124

Document Object Model. DOM is a W3C standard. The DOM defines a standard for accessing documents: "The W3C Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform and language-neutral interface that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of a document." The W3C DOM standard is separated into 3 different parts: Core DOM - standard model for all document types XML DOM - standard model for XML documents HTML DOM - standard model for HTML documents

Question 125

TLD

Answer 125

A top-level domain (TLD) is the last segment of the domain name. The TLD is the letters immediately following the final dot in an Internet address. A TLD identifies something about the website associated with it, such as its purpose, the organization that owns it or the geographical area where it originates. Each TLD has a separate registry managed by a designated organization under the direction of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).

Question 126

FTP PORT

Answer 126

20

Question 127

SSH PORT

Answer 127

22

Question 128

Telnet

Answer 128

23

Question 129

NNTP

Answer 129

The Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) is an application protocol used for transporting Usenet news articles (netnews) between news servers and for reading and posting articles by end user client applications Port 119

Question 130

DNS

Answer 130

53

Question 131

HTTP

Answer 131

80

Question 132

POP3

Answer 132

110

Question 133

HTTPS

Answer 133

443

Question 134

ICAAN

Answer 134

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

Question 135

PPP

Answer 135

Point-to-Point - – allows a computer to connect to the Internet over a phone line

Question 136

PPPoE

Answer 136

Point‐to‐Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) – implements PPP over Ethernet (Ethernet is a LAN network standard that allows computers in a network to communicate) • PPPoE connects an entire network to the Internet

Question 137

IPV4 A class. What range?

Answer 137

0.0.0.0 - 127.225.225.225

Question 138

Shared domain

Answer 138

a hosting service that allows multiple entities to share portions ofthe same domain name

Question 139

IPV A class. What range?

Answer 139

0.0.0.0 - 127.0.0.0

Question 140

IPV4 B class. What range?

Answer 140

128.0.0.0 - 191.225.225.225

Question 141

IPV4 C class.What range?

Answer 141

192.0.0.0 - 223.225.225.225

Question 142

IPV4 D class. What range?

Answer 142

224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

Question 143

What are the basic functions of a web browser?

Answer 143

1. Provide a way for users to access and navigate web pages. 2. Display web pages properly 3. Provide technology to enable multimedia features 4. Provide access to Internet services (e.g. ftp, email) 5. Perform authentication and encryption functions.

Question 144

URL

Answer 144

URLs typically include the protocol, the Internetresource (server or host name) and the domain name