All Cards Flashcards
What Communication Type is recommended to first address the problem of a team member underachieving?
Informal Verbal
2 stakeholders discuss inconformity with the project. What communication type should be used?
Informal Verbal
What is often forgotten in communications management plans?
Functional Managers
Best tool when a manager is working with team members of different cultures:
Well developed interpersonal skills
Agile methods rely on this to deliver value:
Product Owner’s Feedback
What is “Start with current state” a principle of?
Kanban process
What is “Encourage acts of leadership at all levels” a principle of?
Kanban process
What is “Agree to pursue incremental, evolutionary change” a principle of?
Kanban process
What is “ROI”?
Return on Investment
What is more likely to suffer if an organization is averse to early value creation?
Return on Investment (ROI)
Which practice prefers to pull features from the backlog based on its capacity rather than an iteration-based schedule?
Flow-Based Agile
Who made Motivational Theory of two types of employees?
McGregor
Agile Methodology based on frequent cycles to to increase responsiveness towards customer’s changing requirements. Uses “Programing in pairs”
XP
Agile Methodology known for its emphasis on constraint-driven delivery
DSDM
Agile Methodology derived from the JIT philosophy
Kanban
Agile Methodology that integrates several agile best practices into a comprehensive model
Disciplined Agile
Ability to question every change request is:
NOT a key attribute for Agile teams
Type of organization in which PM has limited authority and team members do not report to PM
Functional Organization
Overall scope not defined
Rollout & reapplication processes predicted
What Project Management Methodology to use?
Hybrid
What is the back-bone of any agile-led project?
Cross-Functional Teams
What tool/technique is used for IT software tools?
Project Management Information Systems (PMIS)
Tools/Techniques: Where the individual modes of communications are documented for each stakeholder?
Stakeholder Engagement Plan
Project Management Methodology: Which one focuses on early value creation?
Incremental
Individuals needs to be constantly motivated
McGregor’s Theory X
Individuals are intrinsically motivated to do good work
McGregor’s Theory Y
Individuals are motivated by self-realization
Ouchi’s Theory Z
In an Earned Value Management, EV - AC:
Cost Variance
Tools/Techniques: Where to document quality assumptions?
Quality Management Plan
Tools/Techniques: Where can you find the economic feasibility report?
Project Business Case
Tools/Techniques: Where you can find activities?
Schedule Management Plan
Executing a given iteration for a few weeks, gathering insight and then rework based on insight
Timeboxing
Inputs/Outputs: What is the key input of the Plan Risk Management process?
Risk Breakdown Structure
Agile approach that uses Scrum as a framework and Kanban for process improvement?
Scrumban
The purpose of a quality audit is:
Identify inefficient policies
Is cycle time going up positive or negative?
Negative
What is the first step when you notice a tren upwards in cycle time?
Brainstorm to understand whats happening
What to do if a senior manager is worried the project will not meet quality standards?
Involve Quality Team
What to do after completion of Work Packages? (Planning)
Identify quality standards
Tools/Techniques: Demonstrate the relationship between events and their resulting effects
Why-Why Diagram (Cause-and-Effect, Fishborne)
Plans where poorly translated. What is the first thing to do?
Look for how it impacted project quality
The rate at which a company is spending money
Burn Rate
Terms to Know: Estimated value of the work planned
PV - Planned Value
Terms to Know: Estimated Value of work accomplished
EV - Earned Value
Terms to Know: Actual cost for work accomplished
AC - Actual Cost
Terms to Know: Budget for total project effort
BAC - Budget at Completion
Terms to Know: Total Project cost expected
EAC - Estimate at Completion
Terms to Know: Expected cost to finish project
ETC - Estimate to Complete
Terms to Know: Expected Over/Under budget at end of project
VAC - Variance at Completion
Formulas to Memorize: Cost Variance
EV - AC
Formulas to Memorize: Schedule Variance
EV - PV
Formulas to Memorize: Cost Performance Index
EV / AC
Formulas to Memorize: SPI
EV / PV
Formulas to Memorize: Estimate to Complete
EAC - AC
Formulas to Memorize: VAC
BAC - EAC
Formulas to Memorize: To-Complete Performance Index
(BAC - EV) / (BAC - AC)
Formulas: Estimate at Completion if you intend to spend at the same rate
EAC = BAC / CPI
What technique does Analogous estimating uses?
Top-Down technique
In agile/hybrid, How is a team’s burn rate over time
Consistent
Which agile tool shows the latest estimate of how long the project is expected to take?
Burndown graph
In which project management process group is Rough order of Magnitude (ROM) calculated?
Initiating
ITTO: Cost Baseline is an output of:
7.3 Determine Budget
How is an Agile Team’s Velocity in a long term project?
Initial Variation, Emerging Stability
What is the best way of estimating if there is limited information?
Estimate in a range
Monitoring cost expended to detect variances occurs during:
Project performance reviews
What is the relationship between cost management plan and WBS?
CMP identifies WBS level at which earned value will be calculated
ITTO: What estimating technique is another way of saying “past history”
Analogous estimating
The difference between cost baseline and cost budget is
Management Reserves
What is the final step before freezing the project budget?
Funding limit reconciliation
A sprint/iteration is never complete till
Sprint review meeting & documented retrospectives
As a CSM, what strategy to use if your team is inexperienced?
Building centre of competencies
Benefit: Education on Agile mindset for executives
Executive Buy-In
Benefit: Explaining Agile in terms of lean thinking
Executive buy-in
Benefit: Find common ground and areas of improvement based on project needs
Executive buy-in
In Agile, where to discuss issues of knowledge management
Retrospective
As a CSM, what is the best strategy to manage an organization where Agile terms do not fit culture?
Modify terms, keep the intent
Terms to know: Only a few top level WBS identified, the remaining are elaborated through the project
Roll-Wave Planning
Terms to know: Analyzing enough stories so the team understands what they are
Backlog Refinement
What are the X and Y axis of a Release Burndown Chart?
X: Sprints
Y: Work Remaining
Terms to Know: Prioritization method that separates requirements in Must, Should, Could and Won’t
MoSCoW Prioritization
Terms to Know: Metric to determine Agile team’s performance over time
Velocity
ITTO: Output of Scope Statement + WBS Creation + WBS Dictionary
Scope Baseline
Agile: What is the first step after you collect user story baseline?
Product Roadmap
Terms to Know: Prioritized matrix that described product features that team will deliver in each release
Product Roadmap
What is an external situation that can be a priority over all of your internal situations?
Government approval
Terms to Know: Acknowledging risk through contingencies of resources
Risk Acceptance
Terms to Know: Standard way of validating scope and refining requirements in Agile
Prototyping
Terms to Know: Description of activities by identifying multiple components associated
Activity Attributes
Terms to Know: Project Life Cycle where works centers on a Minimum Viable Product to validate with customers
Exploratory
Terms to Know: Outcome of actions, behaviors, products, services or results that provide value to organization and project’s beneficiaries
Benefits Management Plan
Terms to Know: Used to appraise team member skills
Focused Group Discussions (FGD)
Terms to Know: Responsibility Assignment Matrix used to delineate Roles & Responsibilities
RACI chart (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed)
Terms to Know: Stakeholders describe aspects of a solution in the same way a marketer describes product features on a box
Product Box Exercise
Terms to Know: Contract between Vendor and end user that captures success criteria
Service Level Agreements (SLA)
Terms to Know: Tool for Identification of external factors that may affect outcomes of project
PESTLE Analysis (Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal & Environmental)
Terms to Know: Prioritization approach for features on a product roadmap on the degree to which they are likely to satisfy customers
Kano Model
Terms to Know: Prioritization method in which each person is given 100 points to distribute across items
100 Points Method
Terms to Know: Prioritization approach based on evaluating a small range of options by comparing them against each other
Paired Comparison Analysis
In Agile, Learning from experience and making small improvements is a benefit of:
Retrospective
In Agile, getting feedback for product testing is a benefit of:
Sprint Review Meeting
In Agile, developing actions to remove impediments is a benefit of:
Retrospective
In Agile, agreeing to 1-2 experiments to improve team performance is a benefit of:
Retrospective
In Agile, periodically demonstrating a working product is a benefit of:
Sprint Review Meeting
Terms to Know: Defines whether waterfall, iterative, adaptive, agile or hybrid will be used:
Development approach
Five levels of Phillips ROI Methodology:
Reaction, Learning, Application & Implementation, Results, ROI
Terms to know: Technique that enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas in a scale of 1-5
Nominal Group Technique
Why the response times are displayed above the upper control limit?
The quality is outside of expected standards
ITTO: Scope Management Plan is an output of:
Plan Scope Management
ITTO: Requirements Management Plan is an Output of
5.1 Plan Scope Management
ITTO: Requirements Traceability Matrix is an output of
Collect Requirements
ITTO: Requirements Documentation is an output of
Collect Requirements
ITTO: Project Scope Statement is an output of
5.3 Define Scope
ITTO: Scope Baseline is an Output of
5.4 Create WBS
ITTO: Accepted Deliverables is an output of
5.5 Validate Scope
ITTO: Quality Management Plan is an output of
8.1 Plan Quality Management
ITTO: Quality Metrics is an output of
8.1 Plan Quality Management
ITTO: Quality Reports is an output of
8.2 Manage Quality
ITTO: Quality Control Measurements is an output of
8.3 Control Quality
ITTO: Verified Deliverables is an output of
8.3 Control Quality
ITTO: Communication Management Plan is an output of
Plan Communication Management
ITTO: Project Communications is an output of
10.2 Manage Communications
ITTO: Cost Management Plan is an output of
7.1 Plan Cost Management
ITTO: Cost Estimates is an output of
7.2 Estimate Costs
ITTO: Basis of Estimates is an output of
7.2 Estimate Costs
ITTO: Cost Baseline is an output of
7.3 Determine Budget
ITTO: Cost Forecasts is an output of
7.4 Control Costs
Terms to Know: Measuring an organization’s performance against that of other organization
Benchmarking
Terms to Know: Technique where ideas are grouped by similarities
Affinity Diagrams
Terms to Know: Diagram of ideas to help generate, classify or record information
Mind Maps
Terms to Know: Technique that shows the boundaries of the project scope by highlighting the product and its interfaces with people, processes or sustems
Context Diagrams
What takes precedence over everything in Balancing Requirements?
Customer’s Needs
PMBOK Guide: Scope Management Process
- Plan Scope Management (P)
- Collect Requirements (P)
- Define Scope (P)
- Create WBS (P)
- Validate Scope (M&C)
- Control Scope (M&C)
Terms to Know: Document that says “Here is what we will do on this project”
Project Scope Statement
Relationship between Decomposition/Deconstruction and WBS
Decomposition/Deconstruction is what you are doing, WBS is the tool to do it
What is the difference between Validate Scope and Control Quality
Control Quality is checked by Quality Team, Validate Scope is checked by Customer
In agile, if after a meeting there is no consensus, what is the next step?
Voting
How to provide feedback to agile team’s solution design?
Review the early, incomplete increments
What is a general consequence of requirements constantly changing?
Makes measurement of completeness difficult
The Integration Management Process:
- Develop Project Charter
- Develop Project Management Plan
- Direct and Manage Project Work
- Manage Project Knowledge
- Monitor and Control Project Work
- Perform Integrated Change Control
- Close Project or Phase
ITTO: Where is the Business Case?
Project Charter
What is the difference between High-Level Requirements and Requirements?
High-Level Requirements are in the Project Charter, Requirements are defined in Scope processes
ITTO: Where is the project exit criteria?
Project Charter
What is often the cause of significant deviation from the Project Baselines?
Incomplete Risk Identification/Management
ITTO: Issue Log is an output of
4.3 Direct and Manage Project Work
High Degree of Change, High Frequency of Delivery:
Agile
High Degree of Change, Low Frequency of Delivery:
Iterative
Low Degree of Change, High Frequency of Delivery
Incremental
Low Degree of Change, Low Frequency of Delivery
Predictive
Where can you see who’s responsible for authorizing change in a project?
Change Management Plan
What sampling strategy to use if you want to separate in categories?
Attribute sampling
ITTO: What tool can be used to show how requirements grew during the project?
Feature Chart
Who should be contacted first for resources in a matrix-type organization?
Functional Manager
What is always the first step when any change comes up?
Documenting the change / Creating a Change Request
After stakeholders are identified and you have their requirements, who should you involve in the creation of the scope baseline?
Project Team
Recommended actions for Schedule Compression
Crashing & Fast Tracking
Which contracting technique is not recommended for Agile?
FFP (Firm Fixed Price)
Difference between Work Performance Data and Work Performance Information
Work Performance Data is gathered through execution. To become information, it is compared with Project Management Plan Components
Tool that evaluates the degree to which the data about individual project risks is accurate and reliable
Risk Data Quality Assessment
Best Life Cycle for project-based work and disciplined teams, with quickly evolving requirements
Lean
Best Life Cycle for project-based work and teams new to iteration-based management
Agile
In which phase of DAD (Disciplined Agile Delivery) does the team shift from “solution” to “production”?
Transition
DAD (Disciplined Agile Delivery) full delivery cycle:
Inception, Construction, Transition
ITTO: Risk Probability and Impact Assessment is a key T&T of:
11.3 Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
In which process do you determine Workarounds for a previously unforeseen risk?
11.7 Monitor Risks
During which process do you use the Power-Interest Grid?
13.1 - Identify Stakeholders
What type of leadership allows the team to make their own decisions and establish their own goals?
Laissez-Faire
Which way of managing improves the product via successive prototypes or proof of concept?
Iterative
What is the next step after the project management plan and baselines are approved?
Hold project kick-off meeting
The Kick-Off Meeting marks:
End of Planning, Start of Executing
Agile practice where the team meets to micro commit to each other, uncover problems and ensure smooth work flow
Daily Standups
What to do after 6.1 Plan Schedule Management and 6.2 Define Activities for a project are complete?
6.3 Sequence Activities
What is a common example of Cost of Conformance, in the context of Cost of Quality?
Training
Organizational Structure that standardizes project-related governance processes
PMO
ITTO: Tool used in 9.1 Plan Resource Management which maps specific resources to work packages from WBS
Responsibility Assignment Matrix
What does SPI < 1 means for a complete project?
The project was prematurely closed
Type of contract where the seller is reimbursed for all allowable costs and receives predetermined incentive fee
CPIF
Type of contract that provides buyer and seller flexibility for deviation from performance, and financial pay-offs tied to achieve metrics
FPIF
In which process does the Risk Register gets established for the first time?
11.2 - Identify Risks
Any breach of contract is first categorized as:
A Legal Risk
ITTO: Lessons Learned Register is an output of
4.4 - Manage Project Knowledge
What is the next step after completing Qualitative and Quantitative risk analysis?
11.5 - Plan Risk Responses
ITTO: Most important Output of Control Procurements
Closed Procurements
What is the PMI Talent Triangle?
Leadership, Technical Project Management, Strategic & Business Management
ITTO: Requirements Traceability Matrix is an output of
5.2 - Collect Requirements
What is the category of least risky contracts for sellers?
Cost-Reimbursable
Formulas to Know: Point of Total Assumption
(CP - TP)
PTA = ——— + TC
BSR
Practice of doing activities that were originally planned in series, in parallel
Fast Tracking
Best Practice when you need to accelerate a Schedule without availability of resources
Fast Tracking
Contingency Plans are also known as:
Fallback Plan
ITTO: Process that generates Work Performance Variances as one of its Outputs
5.6 - Control Scope
How should you account for unknown risks?
Management Reserves
Cost Baseline + Management Reserve
Project Budget
Work Packages Cost Estimates + Contingency Reserves
Control Accounts
Activity Cost Estimates + Activity Contingency Reserve
Work Packages Cost Estimates
What is the purpose of a Kill Point Meeting or Phase Gate?
Make a decision to whether or not to go ahead with a project
What two positions, and what level of power, can quickly indicate you are working in a Weak Matrix?
Project Coordinator & Project Expediter with low power
Type of organization in which everyone responds to the owner
Organic or Simple
Type of organization in which Project Manager and Functional Manager have 50%-50% power
Balanced Matrix Organization
Type of organization in which PM has all the power, and resources are released after project is finished
Project-Oriented
Difference between Contingency Reserves and Management Reserves
Contingency is for Known Unknowns, Management is for Unknown Unknowns
ITTO: Issue Log is an Output of
4.3 Direct and Manage Project Work
ITTO: Lesson Learned Register is an output of
4.4 Manage Project Knowledge
What you should do if a work activity takes longer than estimated?
Request corrective action
What is another work for Defect Repair?
Rework
ITTO: What is Approved Change Requests an Output of?
4.6 Perform Integrated Change Control
What are the three main categories of changes?
Corrective Action, Preventive Action, Defect Repair
When does changes need to formally go through the 4.6 Perform Integrated Change Control Process?
After Project Charter, Project Management Plan and baseline are approved
Terms to Know: CCB
Change Control Board
ITTO: what is “Final Product, Service or Result Transition” an output of?
4.7 Close Project or Phase
What is the best approach in a well-planned project regarding changes?
Prevent unnecessary changes (proactive)
What to do if there are not more funds for a project?
Proceed to 4.7 Closing Project or Phase
Are lessons learned part of the Change Management Process?
No. Lessons Learned are for future projects
What is a common use of the Project Charter while work is being completed?
Helps determine if a scope change should be approved
In an Agile Environment, what can be replaced by a risk burndown chart, risk-adjusted backlog and risk-based spikes?
A formal Risk Management Plan
Agile tools for risk management:
Risk burndown chart, risk-adjusted backlog, risk-based spikes
What happens if a PM delegates all activities to team members?
Poor performance and chaos
What type of depreciation uses the same amount each time period?
Straight-line depreciation
What is the best way to approach managing change in any type of project
As low as possible in the cost of change curve
What does the phrase “influencing the factors that affect change” means?
Determining source of change, fix root cause
What does tacit knowledge includes?
Emotions, experience and abilities
What does explicit knowledge includes?
Fact-based knowledge
ITTO: Make-or-Buy decisions are outputs of
12.1 Plan Procurement Management
ITTO: Source Selection Criteria is an Output of
12.1 Plan Procurement Management
ITTO: Bid Documents are an output of
12.1 Plan Procurement Management
ITTO: Independent Cost Estimates are an Output of
12.1 Plan Procurement Management
ITTO: Selected Sellers are an Output of
12.2 Conduct Procurements
ITTO: Agreements are Output of
12.2 Conduct Procuremenets
ITTO: Closed Procurements are an Output of
12.3 Control Procurements
Difference between Centralized and Decentralized Contracting
Centralized there is one procurement department, decentralized there is not
What are the three broad categories of contracts?
Fixed Price, Time and Material, Cost-Reimbursable
Terms to know: Contract in which a total price is set for all project and changes to scope should not occur
FP (Fixed Price)
Terms to Know: Fixed Contract in which profits can be adjusted based on performance criteria
FPIF (Fixed Price Incentive Fee)
Terms to Know: Fixed Contract in which the buyer pays the seller an award based on performance
FPAF (Fixed Price Award Fee)
Terms to know: Fixed Contract in which economic price adjustments are included (good for multi year projects)
FPEPA (Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment)
Terms to Know: Agile Fixed Contract in which the rate of payment varies depending on the schedule variance
Graduated Fixed Price
Terms to Know: Simplest Fixed Price Contract
Purchase Order
Terms to Know: Type of Contract in which Buyer pays on a per-hour or per-item basis
T&M (Time and Material)
Terms to Know: Type of Contract in which the buyer to pay the seller allowable incurred costs
CR (Cost Reimbursable)
Terms to Know: Type of Cost Reimbursable Contract in which the seller receives no fee (appropriate for nonprofit organizations)
Cost Contract
Terms to Know: Type of Cost Reimbursable Contract in which the buyer pays the actual cost plus a negotiated fee
CPIF (Cost Plus Fixed Fee)
Terms to Know: Type of contract in which the buyer pays a target cost plus a target fee, and in which the savings are split between buyer and seller
CPIF (Cost Plus Incentive Fee)
Terms to Know: Type of Cost Reimbursable contract in which the buyer pays all costs and a base fee plus an award based on performance
CPAF (Cost Plus Award Fee)
Terms to Know: Cost Reimbursable Contract that requires the buyer to pay for all costs plus a percentage of costs as a fee
Cost Plus Fee (CPF)
Cost Plus Percentage of Costs (CPPC)
Difference between Price and Cost
Price is the amount the seller charges the buyer. Cost is how much an item costs the seller to creare
Terms to know: Target Cost + Target Fee
Target Price
Terms to know: Contractual Relationship
Privity
Terms to Know: the amount of money the seller has after costs are paid
Profit or Fee
Terms to Know: The difference between Target Cost and Actual Cost
Actual Fee (commonly used for sharing)
Terms to Know: Target Fee + Seller Cost Share
Final Fee
Terms to know: Actual Cost + Target Fee + Seller Cost Share
Final Price
Terms to Know: Amount above which the seller bears all the loss of a cost overrun in FPIF
Point of Total Assumption (PTA)
Terms to Know: The fee which the seller wants to charge for the work he is doing
Target Fee
When are procurements closed?
When a contract is completed or terminated
ITTO: Signed contracts is an Output of
12.2 Conduct Procurements
Contract Questions are asked from who’s perspective? (unless otherwise noted)
Buyer
What is a key advantage of Time and Material contract?
Negotiations are less extensive
RFP, RFI and RFQ are:
Bid documents
When is it generally better to perform work internally instead of outside?
When using an outside company means you lose control of proprietary data
What happens when a seller does not perform according to contract terms and conditions?
The seller defaulted and PM must take action
Short proof of concept to investigate an issue further
Spike
ITTO: Team Charter is a an Output of
9.1 Plan Resource Management
ITTO: Team Charter is an Output of:
9.1 Plan Resource Management
ITTO: Resource Requirements are an Output of
9.2 Estimate Activity Resources
ITTO: Besides Estimate Costs, Basis of Estimates are an Output of:
9.2 Estimate Activity Resources
ITTO: Resource Breakdown Structure is an Output of
9.2 Estimate Activity Resources
ITTO: Physical Resource Assignments are an Output of
9.3 Acquire Resources
ITTO: Project Team Assignments are an Output of
9.3 Acquire Resources
ITTO: Resource Calendars are an output of
9.3 Acquire Resources
ITTO: Team Performance Assessments are an Output of
9.4 Develop Team
ITTO: Work Performance Information is an Output of
All the Monitoring and Control Processes, except for the Integration ones (Monitor Work, Perform Integrated Change Control)
PMBOK 9. Resources
- Plan Resource Management (P)
- Estimate Activity Resources (P)
- Acquire Resources (E)
- Develop Team (E)
- Manage Team (E)
- Control Resources (M&C)
ITTO: Chart that cross-references team members with the activities or work packages they are to accomplish
Responsibility Assignment Matrix
ITTO: Document that describes the approach the team will take regarding communications, decision making and conflict resolution
Team Charter
Life cycle that takes advantage of things that are known and proven
Predictive
Life cycle that provides deliverables that can be used immediately
Incremental
Life cycle that allows feedback on partially completed work
Iterative
Life cycle that provides deliverables that can be used immediately
Incremental
Life cycle that employs both iterative and incremental characteristics
Agile
Life cycle that combines aspects of both predictive and agile methods
Hybrid
Tool that links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables that satisfy them
Requirements traceability matrix
If a problem states that planning is meticulously followed, where does a problem might lie?
In any of the other 4 processes group
ITTO: Which input of Acquire Resources identifies the working days of each specific resource
Resource calendars
In Agile Manifesto, Individuals and Interactions over
Processes and Tools
In Agile Manifesto, Working Software over
Comprehensive documentation
In Agile Manifesto, customer collaboration over
Contract negotiations
In Agile Manifesto, responding to chance over
Following a plan
“In a hierarchy, every employee tends to rise until his/her level of incompetence”
The halo effect
What should be done first if you need to determine the acceptable level of overall project risk exposure
Determine risk appetite of key stakeholders
What to do first if there is confusion on the type and quantity of resources needed (in planning)
Research various levels of resource capability and skills, type and sizes
Process in which 99.99966% of the products produced by the process are free of defects?
Six Sigma
The team never implemented an approved change request. How to prevent this situation?
Holding an approved change requests review
Decomposition may not be possible for a deliverable or subcomponent far into the future. What technique is useful?
Rolling Wave
The value of the alternative that is not chosen
Opportunity Cost
Amount Invested - probable return
Earned Monetary Value
In the Scope Baseline, what goes after the first step, creating the project scope statement?
Identify control accounts for the WBS
What is the Tuckman ladder?
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning
What separates Stewards from Leaders, Managers and Scrum Masters?
Compliance
Control Chart is a tool used for
Data Representation
Formulas to Know: EAC when initial estimates were fundamentally flawed
EAC = AC + Bottom-Up ETC
Formulas to Know: EAC when variance built up in your actual costs but you plan to keep on spending the same way without any corrective action
EAC = BAC / CPI
Formulas to Know: EAC when work is completed at a planned rate after corrections
EAC = AC + (BAC-EV)
Formulas to Know: EAC when deadlines for the project are very tight and the cost is mainly high do to crashing of activities
EAC = AC + [(BAC - EV) / CPI / SPI]
What to do after the CCB and the sponsor approves a Change Request?
Implement the Change Request
What is the mandatory next step after finishing a sprint?
Retrospective
Sequence of effective stakeholder engagement
IUAPEM (Identify, Understand, Analyze, Prioritize, Engage, Monitor)
Variance at Completion in an Earned Value Measure
AC - PV
Document that enlists the project deliverables
Project Scope Statement
A stakeholder is skeptical about the project success criteria. What to do?
Develop Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix
You need to outsource part of the project scope. What project artifact should you revise?
Procurement Management Plan
Tool that shows Story Points completed vs Planned
Iteration Burnup Chart
As a servant leader, what to do if you are putting fires off everyday?
Identify Risks and follow a Risk Management Plan
Life Cycle recommended if you need to organize a large team of teams
Program Life Cycle
ITTO: Communication Channel used in Agile in which long-lived video conferencing links are established between team members of various geography
Fishbowl Window
ITTO: Technique that focuses on customer/end user behavior rather than client requirements
Behavior driven development
ITTO: Method of collaboratively creating acceptance criteria used to create acceptance tests by customer before delivery begins
Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD)
Preliminary check of a software after a build and before release
Smoke Testing
Kanban-Oriented Life cycle where the team visualize their work, reduce work in streamline and pull works in the team based on capacity
Lean
Why a senior developer is invited into a daily stand up?
Having correct stakeholders in meetings is a routine agile practice
What life cycle to use if its difficult for the team to plan anything beyond 2 days?
Lean
Time needed to recover an investment
Payback period
Future value of expected benefits expressed in the value those benefits have at the time of investment
Net Present Value
Percent Return on an initial investment, calculated by taking the projected average of all net benefits and dividing them by the initial cost
Return on Investment
Projected Annual Yield of a project investment, incorporating both initial and ongoing costs into an estimates percentage growth rate a given project is expected to have
Internal Rate of Return
Present value of all cash outflows minus the present value of all cash inflows
Net Present Value
What is the best leadership style to use?
Most fitting for the team
Working Days and Availability of Physical Resources are components of
Resource Calendar
Documentation tool that captures information about stakeholders
Stakeholder Register
Stakeholders who will receive communication about the project will appear in which documents?
Communications Management Plan
You are leading an estimation session. What skill are you mentoring?
Facilitation
Main focus of Quality Assurance
Process and Procedures, improved quality
High level objective of a Retrospective
Generating insights
Project Artifact to see connection between Requirements and Project Objectives
Requirements Traceability Matrix
To how many people should an issue in the issue box be assigned to?
One person
Is the Stakeholder Register part of Communications Management Plan?
No
In a Multi-Phase Project, when are assumptions validated and risks analyzed?
At the beginning of each phase
Organization structure for which the team may develop its own set of operating procedures and operate outside the standard formalized reporting structure during the project
Composite
Tool to measure happiness of users of the new service based on their willingness to encourage others to use the service
Net Promoter Score
Best statement to describe Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix?
It compares the current and desired levels of engagement of each stakeholder
Two terms that refers to decision to continue with the next phase or end the project
Kill point & Phase Gate
Methodology to test possible solutions, assess the results and implement those that work
Plan Do Study Act
Father of Continuous Improvement Movement
Deming
Best elicitation technique when your project team wants to facilitate a discussion with a certain set of users for a better understanding on how they might use a product
Focus group
Name two Quality Management Tools used to identify issues
Audit Reports & Design for X
Methods to prioritize project objectives and deliverables
Paired Comparisons & MOSCOW
Role of a Configuration Management System
Control versioning of all components
Rules about the length of a Sprint
1-4 weeks
Agile technique that helps uncover the areas we are likely to create the greatest impact for a particular goal
Impact Mapping
At what level are roadmaps used?
High-Level
At what level are epics used?
High-Level
A trend of stories is incomplete and No blockers where identified. What to do?
Break down the stories
Two things at the heart of DevOps
Early and constant collaboration between Development and Operations & automation of both domains
In the event that a Product Owner needs to attend less meetings in an Agile Project, which are the high priority & low priority meetings?
High: Customer Related (e.g. End-User feedback)
Low: Administrative Processes (e.g. Daily Meeting, team performance review)
Formulas to know: Triangular Distribution
(Optimistic + Most Likely + Pessimistic)/3
In an Agile Project, what does it mean that value increases over time?
The backlog was not prioritized for time to value
Who is responsible for officially signing off on project deliverables at the closeout?
Project Sponsor
Scrum equivalent of a task start dependency
Definition of Ready
Scrum equivalent of task exit criteria
Definition of Done
In Agile, who has the authority to decide termination of a project?
Product Owner
What does Agile favors over formal data collection processes or competitor analysis
Direct and practical user feedback
Practice that ensures a quality standard before development
TDD (Test Driven Development)
How is agile adoption enabled?
Through Communicating & Demonstration of benefits
The ability to effectively guide a group to a successful conclusion
Facilitate
Difference between stakeholder register and stakeholder engagement plan
Register includes all stakeholders and their involvement. Engagement Plan reflects any situations that affects engagement of stakeholders
Terms to know: Large user story that can be split into smaller stories
Epic
When are questionnaires used?
Before project starts
Method for classifying stakeholders and to decide who matters
Salience Model
A good option to decide who should represent a team in the Scrum of Scrums
DevOps
Software development methodology intended to improve software quality and responsiveness to change
Extreme Programming (XP)
Method of frequent delivery apps to customers by introducing automation into stages of app development
CI/CD (Continuous Integration)
A new board comes to make changes in an Agile team. How to approach?
Add it to the Backlog
The Product Owner works and supports:
The CEO and Business
A Small, self-contained feature that can be developed quickly and that delivers significant value to the user
MMF (Minimum Marketable Feature)
Difference between MMF and MVP
MMF is about delivering value to customers, MVP is about learning more about the ultimate product
Extension of Pair Programming where the whole team works on the same thing at the same time in the same spacr
Mob Programming (Mobbing)
Agile Practice that provides the most complete set of methods specifically for the needs of large software development
Feature Driven Development
Three types of PMO
Supportive, Controlling, Directive
Types of Matrix Organization:
Weak & Strong
Difference between Weak and Strong Matrix
Weak: Power rests in Functional Manager
Strong: Power rests in Project Manager
What are the 7 project constraints
Cost, Schedule, Scope, Quality, Risk, Resources, Customer Satisfaction
Cost of additional rework caused by choosing an easy solution in the present rather than using a better one even if it takes more time
Technical Debt
Main difference between Burnup and Burndown Charts
Burnup shows the effects of scope
Difference between Internal Failure vs External Failure
Internal Failure happens before the customer has the product. External Failure happens when the customer has the product
Set of items that needs to be completed before a project or user story can be considered complete
Definition of Done
States what is needed for an item to be ready to be worked on
Definition of Ready
