All Bits Of Evaluation Flashcards
What are the 4 points of evaluation for the Dopamine hypothsis (addiction) ?
Not all addictive behaviours increase dopamine levels
The complex role of dopamine
Methodological issues
Use of non human animal studies
What are the 4 points of evaluation for addiction genes?
The difference between initation and matinence – 54% Mz to 42% Dz iniation
35% MZ 0% DZ dependance
A ‘gene’ for addiction?
Determinism
Role of social and cultural factors - swedish twin study 1910 - 1958 , those born earlier had very little heritablity , those later 60% , suggests genetics rely more on norms
What are the 4 points of evaluation for personality type?
Difficulty establishing cause and effect
The role of personality depends on the addictive behaviour
The myth of an addictive personality
Link to biology
What are the 4 points of evaluation for cognitve biases?
Supporting evidence - irrational verbalisations 14% gamblers 2.5% non - ev of heurstics also
Description or explination
Issues with research
Everyone exhibts cogntive bias
What are the 4 points of evaluation for peer influences
Research evidence - 40 studies - all but 1 showed postive peer smoking correlation
Peer influences or selection
Research into percieved social norms - descriptive and injunctive norms the best predictor of alcholol abuse
The role of other pyschosocial factors - family etc
What are the 4 points of evaluation for the role of the media?
Difficulty establishing a casual link
Lack of population validity
Adolescents view on the role of the media
The media can be positive
What are the 3 points of evaulating effectivessness for agonist and antagonist substition
Effectivness of methadone - NICE 31 studies , better retention than placebo
Comparing methadone and buprenorphine - 6x safer but less retention
Effectiveness of naltrexone - NICE 17 studies - only in highly motivated
What are the 3 points of evaulation for effectivness of Aversion therapy?
Effectivness of antabuse - sig greater absitence from alch that placebo
Effectivness of rapid smoking - comp to video , sig urge to decrease within 24 hrs and week but no diff at 4 week
Eliminates the behaviour not the problem
What are the two ethical implications of agonist and antagonist substitution?
Ethical critisism of Methadone - effects drugs such as antidepressants to cause respitory problems, ONS of 429 deaths, and another addictions
Side effect of Naltrexone - greater risk of overdose , liver function needs to be studied
What are the two social implications of agonist and antagonist substitution?
Financal cost of Methadone - research claims, ‘expensive failure’ and 320,000 drug users on benefits
Methadone and criminality - research = halved criminality of addicts
What are the two ethical implications of Aversion therapy substitution?
Risk of harm - rapid smoking is very unpleasent , however, is it designed to work
More ethical alternatives - far more ethical alternatives = covert sensitisitation e.g imagine you feel sick, highly effective and quick
What are the two social implications of aversion therapy
Financial implications - dramatic increase in £2.25 million on antabuse in 2008 from £1.08 million in 1998
The social cost of not treating addictons - Centre For Social Justice 2013 - alcholol abuse costs taxpayers £21 billion a year
