All Articles Flashcards
By what percentage were plaque and calculus scores reduced with daily and EOD tooth brushing?
Daily tooth brushing reduced plaque scores by 37% and calculus scores by 80%
EOD tooth brushing reduced plaque scores by 25% and calculus scores by 62%
Plaque accumulates immediately while calculus takes 2-3 days to form, so
Effect of Frequency of Brushing Teeth on Plaque and Calculus Accumulation, and Gingivitis in Dogs
Colin Harvey, BVSc, FRCVS; Laurie Serfilippi, VMD; Donald Barnvos, MS
JVD 2015 Vol 1
In 2015 Harvey et al study on brushing frequency, which group saw an increase in tooth score?
EOW group saw a 2% increase (worsening) of plaque score compared to control group
Effect of Frequency of Brushing Teeth on Plaque and Calculus Accumulation, and Gingivitis in Dogs
Colin Harvey, BVSc, FRCVS; Laurie Serfilippi, VMD; Donald Barnvos, MS
JVD 2015 VOl 1
According to the article “Feline OSCC: Clinical Manifestations and Literature review (JVD 2015),” which of the following is true regarding predisposing factors:
A. Tobacco smoke results in a 2x increase in risk due to resultant mutations in p53 protein
B. Both COX1 and COX2 are suspected to have a role in tumorgenesis
C. Papilloma virus is a well known predisposing factor
D. Flea collars are associated with 5x increased risk
D
A. Tobacco smoke results in a 2 FOLD increase in risk due to resultant mutations in p53 protein
* accumulation of nonfunctional p53 proteins
B. Both COX1 and COX2 are suspected to have a role in tumorgenesis
* COX1 is suspected to have a role
C. Papilloma virus is NOT a well known predisposing factor
* Detected in 1/20 feline SCC samples
D. Flea collars are associated with 5x increased risk
Canned diets have a 3.6x increase while canned tuna specifically has a 4.7x increase risk
Altered epidermal growth factor receptor expression may play a role (one study found 9/13 SCC samples had immunoreactivity to EGFR). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors may target the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR and be a promising therapy
True or False: LN palpation in cats are just as sensitive as in dogs
“Feline OSCC: Clinical manifestations and literature review” JVD 2015 V
False
LN palpation in dogs is a poor indicator of metastasis. Similar studies in cats have not been performed.
Sensitivity and specificity of FNA cytology of mandibular LN were found to be very high in dogs.
What does the asterisk in Image C indentify?
**Keratin pearls **
Histologic appearence of SCC includes cords and islands of pleomorphic squamous epithelial cells with prominent desmosomes and keratin pears; inflammation, necrosis, ulceration, desmoplasia
A. arrows indicate islands of neoplastic squamous epithelial cells, surrounded by desmoplasia indicated by arrowheads
B. arrows indicate islands of neoplastic cells with squamous differentiation
According to JVD’s case report “Traumatic Intrusion of a Maxillary Canine Tooth,” what factors affect the type of luxation?
Direction and Force of impact
Intrustion injuries - axial direction where apex is forced into the socket; associated with alveolar bone fracture
Extrusion injuries are NOT associated with fracture
According to JVD’s case report “Traumatic Intrusion of a Maxillary Canine Tooth,” which of the following is false?
A. In people, pulp necrosis occurs in 15-59% of intruded teeth
B. Intrusion injuries have a guarded prognosis due to high risk of complication including root resoprtion, ankylosis, bone loss, pulp canal obliteration, and necrosis
C. The most important prognostic factors for risk of pulp necrosis are stage of root development and type of luxation
D. Immature teeth with closing apex (<0.5mm) have greater chance for revasculatization
**D is false **
A. In people, pulp necrosis occurs in 15-59% of intruded teeth
B. Intrusion injuries have a guarded prognosis due to high risk of complication including root resoprtion, ankylosis, bone loss, pulp canal obliteration, and necrosis
C. The most important prognostic factors for risk of pulp necrosis are stage of root development and type of luxation
D. Immature teeth with apices >0.5mm have greater chance for revasculatization
Fill in the blanks: In people, intrusion —- mm is associated with decrease in 5 year survival, and intrustion —- mm is asslcoated with greater chance of complications.
Traumatic Intrusion of a Maxillary Canine Tooth: 3 Cases
Emily J. Edstrom, DVM; Mark M. Smith, VMD; Kendall Taney, DVM; Christopher W. Smithson, DVM
JVD 2015 Vol 1
Fill in the blanks: In people, intrusion >6 mm is associated with decrease in 5 year survival, and intrustion >7 mm is asslcoated with greater chance of complications.
Indicates that severity of trauma to periodontium CAN be correlated to depth of intrusion
The image was taken from an article published in JVD 2015. What was the most common finding on intraoral and radiographic examination?
Image is from Suspect Odontogenic Infection Etiology for Canine Lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis
Kevin S. Stepaniuk, DVM; Wade Gingerich, DVM
Most common oral exam pathology included:
*** Uncomplicated crown fracture - 50%
* Clinically missing dentition - 50%
* Severe periodontal disease - 45% **
* Uncomplicated crown root fracture - 20%
* Complicated crown root fracture - 20%
* AB/AT, NV, complicated crown - 10% each
* Caries - 5%
Most common radiographic pathology included:
* External tooth resorption - 65% (inflammatory > replacement or surface resorption)
* Endodontic disease - 60%
* Periodontal disease - 50%
* RTR - 25%
Which of the following is true regaring findings of Suspect Odontogenic Infection Etiology for Canine Lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis?
A. Odontogenic infection was likely the cause of lymphoplasmacytic findings in 10% of cases
B. Most patients presented for left sided epistaxis
C. Less than 50% of cases had ST attenuating material within the nasal cavity
D. Majority of the dental comments were associated with the ipsilateral side
D
A. Odontogenic infection was likely the cause of lymphoplasmacytic findings in 55% of cases; unlikely in 10%, and undetermined in 35%
B. Most patients presented for **combination **of sneezing and nasal discharge; right > bilateral > left sided; 59% mucopurulent, 35% serous, 6% epistaxis
C. **82% **of cases had ST attenuating material within the nasal cavity
D. Majority **85% **of the dental comments were associated with the ipsilateral side of discarge
In JVD’s 2015 article “Classification and Epidemiology of Traumatic Dentoalveolar Injuries in Dogs and Cats,” which of the following statements is false?
A. There was a hyerbolic association between traumatic dentoalveolar injuries and age
B. Luxation injuries occured more frequently in patients < 3 yr, and were more commonly lateral luxations
C. Root fractures were found to occur mostly in incisors and were more significantly likely to occur in the maxilla
D. Unexpectedly, enamel-dentin-pulp fractures were more common compared to enamel-dentin fractures
C
A. There was a hyerbolic association between traumatic dentoalveolar injuries and age - TDI were less common in < 3 yo and <10 yo groups, and more common in middle ages
B. Luxation injuries occured more frequently in patients < 3 yr, and were more commonly lateral luxations - intact patients were more likely to sustain lateral luxation which likely is associated with the <3 yr group since younger animals in theUS are likely to be intact
C. Root fractures were found to occur mostly in incisors and were more significantly likely to occur in the mandible
D. Unexpectedly, enamel-dentin-pulp fractures (of strategic teeth) were more common compared to enamel-dentin fractures (of premolars); and were the most common fracture (50%)
What was the significant findings from the paper from which this image was taken?
The CBCT was significantly superior to 64-CT in all categories, and 64-CT was significantly inferior to CBCT in all catergories except pulp cavity
JVD 2015
Comparison of the Diagnostic Image Quality of the Canine Maxillary Dentoalveolar Structures Obtained by Cone Beam Computed Tomography and 64-Multidetector Row Computed Tomography**
Jason W. Soukup, DVM; Randi Drees, Dr.Med.Vet; Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS; Christopher
J. Snyder, DVM; Scott Hetzel, MS; Chanda R. Miles, DVM, Tobias Schwarz, MA, Dr.Med.Ve
Based on the 2015 JVD article on volatile sulphur compounds, what bacteria are associated with production of malodor?
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella intermedia
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Trepenema denticola
Describe the process depicted in the image.
Image is from Negative Effects of Volatile Sulphur Compounds, JVD 2015
Hydrogen sulphide and Methyl cercaptan are two VSC.
VSC have free thiol groups (-SH) which break disulphide bonds that are critical for integrity of proteins and DNA
Thiol from VSC deprotonates into thiolate which cleaves the disulphide bond
Based on the article on Volatile sulphur compounds from JVD 2015. Which of the following is false?
A. CH3SH is associated wit periodontal pockets and active periodontitis
B. Hydrogen sulphide increases permeability up to 75% and methyl mercaptan increases permeability up to 103% in nonkeratinized mucosa
C. Effects of H2S and CH2SH are the same
D. VSC induce osteoclast differentiation by upregulating RANKL/RANK activation
C. Effects of H2S and CH2SH are the same
H2S: inhibitors cytochrome C oxidase and superoxide dismutase activity resulting in increase of reactive O2 species –> results in release of Cytochrome C and activation of Caspase 9 and 3 –> result in apoptosis of fibroblasts and destruction of collagen
CH3SH: Greater verse effect compared to H2S; inhibitory effect on proliferation of gingival fibroblasts, cell migration, cell strucutre, peptide and protein synthesis
-Reduces collagen synthesis by 39%
-Enhances collagen degradation by 62%
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a Dog, JVD 2015.
What histological findings are characteristic of multincucleated fiant cell granuloma?
Multinucleated giant cells with up to 20 nuclei, present within loose stroma of spindle cells with moderate amounts of collagen
Describe the pathogenesis of rubber jaw
Normal:
- Low Ca or high P stimulates release of PTH
- PTH causes bone resorption to relase Ca, kidneys to reabsorption Ca and excrete P, and activtes Vit D to promote intestinal Ca and P absorption
- Elevated Ca (or low P) then creates neg feedback to stop PTH production
Renal hyperparathyroidism:
- CKD results in loss of functional nephrons so kidney cannot excrete P –> high P stimulated release of PTH
- CKD reduces ability to form active vit D resulting reduced absorption of Ca from intestines –> low Ca stimulates release of PTH
- Persistent elevated PTH causes excessive bone resorption
- Persistent hyperphosphatemia also results in expression of FGF23 by osteocytes and blasts in attempt to excrete P in urine and reduce calcitriol (which facilitates Ca absorption from GIT)
From the 2015 paper “The Influence of Crown Height to Diameter Ratio on the Force to Fracture of Canine Teeth in Dogs,” what was the significant finding?
There was a significant inverse relationship between H/D and force to fracture.
For every 0.1 unit increase in H/D, the force to fracture decreased by an average of 29.9 N
According to “Assessment of 68 Prosthodontic Crowns in 41 Pet and Working Dogs (2000-2012),” what is the average bite force reported in dogs?
Average of 256N
with forces reported as high as 937N; and it depends more on enthusiasm than patient size
According the 2015 JVD article on natural convergence angles of the dog, what is being represented in the image?
Image depicts shear forces acting on the P4 and M1.
palatal to buccal oblique vector for P4; buccal pivot point
buccal to lingual vector for M1; lingual pivot point
Evaluation of the Natural Crown Convergence Angle of Dog Carnassial Teeth
Catherine Zimmerman; Jason W. Soukup, DVM
2015, Vol 4
According to the JVD article “Evaluation of the Natural Crown Convergence Angle of Dog Carnassial Teeth,” which of the following in true?
A. Overall mean CA for 108 was 36, and for 409 was 42
B. Overall mean CA for 108 was 42, and for 409 was 36
C. CA is the most important factor on clinical retention outcome
D. Crown retention is greater when the CA is larger
B.
A. Overall mean CA for 108 was 36, and for 409 was 42 - **opposite is true **
B. Overall mean CA for 108 was 42, and for 409 was 36
C. CA is the most important factor on clinical retention outcome - **other factors such as H/D, surface area, and luting agent likely have larger impacts on outcomes **
D. Crown retention is greater when the CA is smaller
Which of the following is false regarding TMJ of the southern sea otter?
A. There was a significant difference in tensile strength between male and female otters; females were stronger
B. TMJ disks of male otters had significantly lower concentration of GAG/ dry weight
C. Dental formula: I 3/2, C 1/1, P 3/3, M 1/2
D. TMJ disks were thin, suggesting load was mostly distributed by the articular surface rather than the disk
Characterization of the Temporomandibular Joint of Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
Danielle Lieske, Natalia Vapniarsky, Frank J. M. Verstraete, Dustin M. Leale, Colleen Young and Boaz Arzi*
Frontiers 2015
B
A. There was a significant difference in tensile strength between male and female otters; females were stronger
B. TMJ disks of male otters had significantly HIGHER concentration of GAG/ dry weight
C. Dental formula: I 3/2, C 1/1, P 3/3, M 1/2
D. TMJ disks were thin, suggesting load was mostly distributed by the articular surface rather than the disk
Based Philippe Hennet’s 2015 Frontiers paper on applications of piezoelectric instruments, name 5 advantages of piezoelectric surgery:
- Selective cutting of mineralized tissues (25-30 kHz)
- Reduced trauma to soft tissues
- Reduced hemorrhage due to cavitation
- Improved visibility due to reduced bleeding, LED light, and effective irrigation
- Precise cutting
- Reduced thermal damage due to irrigation and minimal required pressure
- sterile irrigation
- Improved ergonomics
