ALL AP VOCABULARY Flashcards
1
Q
He established the proprietary colony of Maryland & wanted to achieve great wealth & create a haven for Catholics,
A
Lord Baltimore
2
Q
Trans-Atlantic exchange of people, diseases, food, trade, ideas, etc.
A
Columbian Exchange
3
Q
Companies made up of group of investors who bought the right to establish plantations from the king
A
Joint Stock Company
4
Q
The first written framework of government established in what is now the United States, signed by 41 people
A
Mayflower Compact
5
Q
Focused on trading fur, exploring, and peacefully converting Native Americans to Catholicism
A
French Colonization
6
Q
Protestants who wished to purify Anglican Church by breaking away from Catholics & barring people who weren’t commited
A
Puritans
7
Q
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island
A
New England Colonies
8
Q
English explorer and early leader of the Jamestown Colony, the first permanent English settlement in North America.
A
John Smith
9
Q
Started in Virginia and spread many companies such as the Virginia Company of Plymouth.
A
British Colonization
9
Q
Established the colony of New Amsterdam as a trading post for gold, furs and other resources
A
Dutch Colonization
10
Q
First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the chief figure among the Puritan founders of New England
A
John Winthrop
11
Q
A Puritan colony given by King Charles in 1629, after the Puritans had been kicked out of England.
A
Massachusetts Bay Colony
12
Q
It called for a confederation of colonies to defend against attack by European and native foes
A
Albany Plan o Union
13
Q
War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
A
French and Indian War
14
Q
Placed a tax on almost all printed materials in the colonies. This tax enraged colonists
A
Stamp Act
15
Q
Act forcing colonists to house & supply British forces in the colonies; created more resentment
A
Quartering Act
16
Q
An order in which Britain prohibited its American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
A
Proclamation of 1763
17
Q
Argument of the colonists that the representation of parliamentary legislatures (British lawmakers) was not sufficient
A
Virtual vs Direct Representation
17
Q
Declared Parliament had power to tax colonies both internally & externally, had absolute power over colonial legislature
A
Declaratory Act
18
Q
Incident where British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were taunting them, five of them were killed.
A
Boston Massacre
19
Q
Colonists disguised as Native Americans boarded three British ships and dumped British tea into the Boston harbor
A
Boston Tea Party
20
Q
Organizations that led protests, helped American soldiers, instated a boycott, and generally resisted the British
A
Sons/Daughters of Liberty
21
Q
1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution
A
George Washington
22
Q
America’s first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts,
A
John Adams
23
Protestants who wished to purify Anglican Church, break away from Catholic practices & ban people who were not commited
Puritans
24
The last major effort by the Native Americans of southern New England to drive out the English settlers
King Philip's War
25
System where raw materials from colonies had to go to Britain; any exported goods needed to stop off in Britain first
Mercantilism
26
Which one of these leaders supported the Federalist Party?
Alexander Hamilton
26
Began in Virginia, sometimes worked peacefully with Native Americans, exchanged goods/ideas, most often cultures clashed
British Colonization
27
The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions.
Spanish Colonization
28
Which one of these leaders supported the Democratic-Republican Party?
Thomas Jefferson
29
One of the main purposes was to improve relations with Great Britain for business and trade
Jay Treaty
29
This issue was SUPPORTED by Alexander Hamilton, bur OPPOSED by Thomas Jefferson
National Bank
30
fought over trade restrictions caused by British-French war, impressing of American sailors & British supporting Natives
War of 1812
31
Act passed by congress in 1807 prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port
Embargo Act
32
Which of these court cases established Judicial Review?
Marbury v Madison
33
Judicial Review states that the Supreme Court can
Declare laws unconstitutional
33
A meeting of Federalist delegates from New England inspired by Federalist opposition to the War of 1812
Hartford Convention
34
establish a protective tariff, establish a national bank, and improve the country's transporation system
American System
34
first widespread economic crisis in the United States; brought deflation, depression, bank failures, and unemployment
Panic of 1819
35
Failed proposal to prohibit the importation of slaves into Missouri territory and pave the way for gradual emancipation
Tallmadge Amendment
36
Missouri joins U.S. as slave state, Maine joins as free state, banned slavery north of latitude 36˚30' in LA territory
Compromise of 1820
37
British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
Impressment
38
the right to vote
Suffrage
39
An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.
Urbanization
40
The development of industries for the machine production of goods.
Industrialization
41
1st Secretary of State, supported national bank & state debts being paid by federal government
Alexander Hamilton
42
"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.
James Madison
43
Created the Spoil System and some argued under his rule the executive branch became too powerful
Andrew Jackson
44
6th President of the United States, elected through the "Corrupt Bargain"
John Quincy Adams
45
Rejects treaty and begins to organize huge Native American Alliance against U.S. expansion.
Tecumseh's Confederacy
46
Native Americans were entitled to federal protection from state government actions that infringe on tribe's sovereignty
Worcester v Georgia
47
The route taken by Native Americans as they were relocated to Oklahoma; 20-25% died before reaching Oklahoma
Trail of Tears
48
Law that removed all Indians east of the Mississippi to an "Indian Territory" where they would be "permanently" housed.
Indian Removal Act
49
Stated that if any European nations colonize land/interfere with states in North/South America, U.S. would intervene
Monroe Doctrine
50
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
Spoils System
51
Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State.
Corrupt Bargain
52
The President's cabinet was selected based on loyalty and friendship rather than qualifications and experience
Corrupt Bargain
53
Congress created a new law regarding imports, which made northern manufacturers happy but alienated southern planters
Tariff of 1828
54
idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands
Cult of Domesticity
55
Anonymous method that helps to make elections fair and honest
Secret Ballot
56
an attempt by the state of South Carolina to cancel a federal law passed by Congress
Nullification Crisis
57
A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building
Factory System
58
U.S. citizens who opposed immigration because they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to them
Nativists
59
personal worth and identity reside not in the people themselves but in the products with which they surround themselves
Consumer Culture
60
economic changes where people buy and sell goods rather than make them themselves
Market Revolution
61
A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion
Era of Good Feelings
62
reestablished commercial links between U.S. and Britain
Jay Treaty
62
Marbury v Madison established...
Judicial Review
63
Passed by Federalists...authorized gov't to imprison or expel those writing against the gov't.
Alien abd Sedition Acts
64
Native Americans were entitled to federal protection from state government actions that infringe on tribe's sovereignty
Worcester v Georgia
65
Created the Spoil System, 7th President, "common-man:, some thought his executive branch became too powerful
Andrew Jackson
66
What was the name of William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper that opposed slavery?
The Liberator
67
Led a rebellion that took place in Virginia in 1831. 75 white individuals were killed, and co-conspirators were hung
Nat Turner
68
Which one of these reformers were focused mainly on public schools?
Horace Mann
69
How did the Seneca Falls Convention (1848) impact the Women's Rights movement in America?
It was the start of an organized movement to fight for women's rights
70
John Quincy Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State.
Corrupt Bargain
70
One nickname for cotton in the Early Republic was...
King Cotton
71
Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action
Frederick Douglas
72
Andrew Jackson wins a landslide and becomes the 7th President of the United States
Election of 1828
72
Schools in Southern rural areas had _____ educational resources
few
73
Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws
Judicial Review
74
What percentage of the Southern population owned more than 20 slaves?
Less than 5%
75
76
The South was focused less on ______ than the North in the Early Republic
Education
77
Many Southern writers/artists depicted enslaved people as ___________ in the Early Republic
Happy and well-cared for
78
19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason
Romanticism
79
Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator",
William Lloyd Garrison
80
A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism
Second Great Awakening
81
to make of no value or consequence, cancel, wipe out
nullify
82
In the Early Republic, key Southern values included
honor, community, tradition
83
Who were Yeoman Farmers?
White non slave-owning farmers
84
Modeled after the Declaration of Independence, declared that all men AND women are created equal, signed at Seneca Falls
Declaration of Sentiments
84
the movement to end slavery and the slave trade
Abolition
85
caused by British-French war; impressment of American sailors, & British supporting Native Americans keeping their land
War of 1812
86
An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption
Temperance
87
He inspired a group of slaves to seize Charleston, South Carolina in 1822, was caught and hung before result started
Denmark Vesey
88
When were the public mental asylums first established in America?
Mid 19th Century
89
Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and CA in exchange for $15 million
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
90
amendment that stipulated that slavery should never exist in any of the territory to be wrestled from Mexico;
Wilmot Proviso
91
An idea that the United States had a God given right and were destined to rule the continent
Manifest Destiny
92
Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto;
Sam Houston
92
11th president of the US focused on expansion & war with Mexico
James Polk
93
this allowed a settler to acquire 160 acres by living on it for five years, improving it and paying about $30
Homestead Act
94
Uncle Tom's Cabin was an influential book because it...
Raised awareness about the horrific nature of slavery using dramatization
95
U.S. acquisition of land south of the Gila River from Mexico for $10 million
Gadsden Purchase
96
A Missouri slave sued for his freedom...Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue because he was property, not a citizen
Dred Scott
96
During the Civil War, the Confederacy represented the...
Slave States
97
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
Popular Sovereignty
98
Stated that, "no state...can lawfully get out of the Union"...pledged there would be no war unless the South started it.
Lincoln's 1st Inaugural Address
99
President after Lincoln, he was impeached in 1868 for violating the Tenure in Office Act
Andrew Johnson
100
Federal fort in harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; & confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War
Fort Sumter
101
American general of the Union Army during the Civil War and the 18th President of the United States
James K. Polk
102
Period after the Civil War in the U.S. when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union
Reconstruction
103
During the Civil War, the Union represented the...
Free/Border States
104
John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry was an attempt to...
Lead a rebellion where slaves killed their white-owners
105
The Civil War was fought between the years of...
1861-1865
105
Citizenship to everyone born in the U.S.
14th Amendment
106
Created to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medical care, education, and legal support.
Freedmen's Bureau
107
Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights
Jim Crow Laws
108
President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War
Jefferson Davis
109
Conflicts over slavery were the main cause of the Civil War
True
110
rule by the army instead of the elected government
Martial Law
111
Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force
Robert E. Lee
112
Series of violent conflicts in the Kansas territory between anti-slavery & pro-slavery factions over status of slavery
Bleeding Kansas
113
Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery
Election of 1860
114
Laws passed in the South to restrict rights of emancipated blacks, particularly with negotiating labor contracts
Black Codes
115
set high penalties for anyone who aided escaped slaves & forced law enforcement officers to help catch runaway slaves
Fugitive Slave Law
116
The Pacific Railway Act (1862) provided government funds to help construct the...
Transcontinental Railroad
117
All of these were part of the Compromise of 1850 EXCEPT
Slave trade banned in U.S.
118
Sought to keep slavery from expanding into newly acquired territories
Free-Soil Movement
118
bloodiest battle of the Civil War; Southern defeat in this battle was likely the beginning of the end for Confederacy
Battle of Gettysburg
119
Meant to help heal and restore the country after four years of civil war.
Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Address
120
An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats,
Whig Psrty
121
Abolition of slavery without compensation for slave-owners
13th Amendment
122
U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed
15th Amendment
123
The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves in the United States
False
124
Formal withdrawal of states or regions from a nation
Secession
125
The Emancipation Proclamation...
Stated that all slaves in Confederate states were now free
126
A group of agrarian organizations that worked to increase the political and economic power of farmers.
Grange Movement
127
1870s-1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor
Gilded Age
128
the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony (fitting-in) with another
Assimilation
129
Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.
Chinese Exclusion Act
130
Idea that the south should industrialize after the Civil War.
New South
131
Built in Pennsylvania to educate and civilize Indians, motto = "Kill the Indian and save the man"
Carlisle Indian School
131
The last effort of Native Americans to resist US domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands
Ghost Dance Movement
132
A Farmers' organization founded in late 1870s;
Farmers Alliance
133
Battle at which *Colonel George Custer*'s forces clashed with nearly 4000 well armed
Battle of Little Bighorn
134
Tried to civilize Indians and make them more little settlers by giving them land to farm, but it harmed their culture
Dawes Act
135
Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it revolutionized transportation in the West and linked the U.S.
136
Cattle handlers who drove large herds across the southern Great Plains
Cowboys
136
Called for free coinage of silver & paper money, national income tax, direct election of senators, railroad regulations
Populist Party
137
Agricultural system where black/poor white farmers rented land in exchange for a certain share of the year's crop
Sharecropping
138
a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product.
Assembly Line
138
His book (The Gospel of Wealth) argued that the wealthy have an obligation to give something back to society.
Andrew Carnegie
139
Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived
Tenements
140
Involves forces which act to drive people away from a place and draw them to a new location.
Push-Pull Factors
140
Business leaders who were beneficial for the economy
Captains of Industry
141
Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal."
Plessy v Ferguson
142
Business leaders who wielded power without any accountability in an unregulated market.
Robber Barons
143
Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.
Laissez-Faire
144
the belief that those born in a country are superior to immigrants
Nativism
145
Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public
Muckrakers
146
the belief that those born in a country are superior to immigrants
Nativists
147
Banker who bought Carnegie Steel & renames it: U.S. Steel. One of the richest men in America, known as a "robber baron"
J.P. Morgan
148
A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities
Bessemer Process
149
Strong people will make money and be successful, weak people will be poor
Social Darwinism
150
Practice of consolidating many firms in the same business
Horizontal Integration
150
Which of the following WAS NOT a union created to improve workers rights?
Knights Labor Federation
151
Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens
Americanism
152
A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire.
Telegraph
152
The riot took place in Chicago between rioters and the police. It ended when someone threw a bomb that killed dozens.
Haymarket Riot
153
immigrants who had come to the US after the 1880s from southern and eastern Europe
New Immigrants
154
the formation of labor unions, during the 1880's, for the workers to receive better treatment by
Labor Movement
154
Founded by Jane Addams to provide social & educational opportunities for immigrant workers in surrounding neighborhoods.
Hull House
154
Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution
Vertical Integration
155
Bosses got support of large immigrant communities and won votes for his organization by providing social service
Political Machines
156
radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people to explain his initiatives
Fireside Chats
156
a situation in which the supply of manufactured goods exceeds the demand
Overproduction
157
All of these were part of the New Deal "3Rs" EXCEPT...
Redistribute
158
Woodrow Wilson's vision for the world after World War I
Fourteen Points
159
Allows citizens a vote to approve or reject a bill proposed by the legislature (Congress)
Referendum
160
Procedures for outgoing president and the new president coming in
20th Amendment
161
A literary, artistic, and intellectual movement that kindled a new black cultural identity in America (JAZZ)
Harlem Renaissance
161
Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.
Cash and Carry
162
monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds
SEC
162
The United States dropped atomic bombs on these 2 Japanese cities
163
164
African American pilots that fought in WWII; first African Americans to receive training as pilots in US military
Tuskagee Airmen
165
British passenger ship that was torpedoed by a German U-boat in 1915; 1200 people died and 128 Americans died
Lusitania
165
the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
Great Depression
166
Germany, Italy, Japan (WWII)
Axis Powers
167
President that believed if the government got involved it the depression, it would only make the depression worse
President Hoover
168
United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II
Pearl Harbor
169
Following this event, he U.S. gained possession of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines as a result.
Spanish-American War
169
1st international organization founded to promote world peace & cooperation...was weakened when the U.S. refused to join
League of Nations
170
Top-secret program of the U.S. government to develop an atomic bomb.
Manhattan Project
171
studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques
Scientific Management
172
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
18th Amendment
173
The Allies strategy of conquering territory held by the Japanese in the Pacific
Island Hopping
174
started in Normandy, June 6 1944, was a success, turning point of war, 1st time Allies successfully set foot in Europe
D-Day Invasion
175
President during the Great Depression and the beginning of WWII; created the New Deal Plan
President Roosevelt
176
A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism, racism and no tolerance of opposition.
Fascism
176
US supplied the United Kingdom, Soviet Union, China, France & other Allied nations war material between 1941-1945
Lend-Lease Act
177
African American progressive who demanded African American better themselves individually to achieve equality
Booker T. Washington
178
Gave farmers money to reduce crop size to reduce production and bring up the value of crops
AAA
179
Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to attract readers
Yellow Journalism
179
Containment policy that offered $13 billion in aid to western & Southern Europe on condition they resist communism
Marshall Plan
180
Repeal of prohibition
21st Amendment
181
Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, and the US (WWII)
Allied Powers
182
Movement of people from rural areas to cities
Urbanization
183
1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation, helped create NAACP in 1910
W.E. Dubois
184
created safety net for the old-aged, blind, handicapped, and other dependents by taxing employees and employers
Social Security Act
185
Gave women the right to vote (suffrage)
19th Amendment
186
time at the turn of the 20th century in which groups sought to reform America economically, socially, and politically
Progressive Era
186
1921 law that limited immigration to 3% of the people of their nationality living in the US in 1910
Emergency Quota Act
187
rafted to give money to Germany so that they could pay war reparations and lessen the financial crisis in Europe
Dawes Plan
188
the judicial precedent established by in the Plessy v Ferguson decision
Separate but equal
189
An alliance between Russia and Eastern communist countries against Western capitalist countries
Munich Pact
190
When the Soviet Union placed nuclear arms in Cuba the US was threatened, tensions between two countries increased
Cuban Missile Crisis
191
A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.
Domino Theory
191
Stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by communism
Truman Doctrine
192
Marked primarily by a political and economic conflict between the United States and Soviet Union
Cold War
193
The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s
McCarthyism
193
Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba
Fidel Castro
194
Governor Faubus sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent 9 Black students from entering their High School.
Little Rock Nine
195
Americans who were not allowed to work on Hollywood films because of their alleged Communist connections.
Blacklist
196
New York suburb where postwar builders pioneered the techniques of mass home construction
Levittown
197
A period of general fear of communists
Red Scare
198
Political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel
Iron Curtain
199
Military alliance made up of 12 non-Communist countries including the U.S. that support each other if attacked.
NATO
200
The Soviet Union erected a wall between East and West Berlin to keep people from fleeing from the East,
Berlin Wall
201
Failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when a force of 1,200 Cuban exiles, backed by the United States,
Bay of Pigs
202
In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, MLK led a boycott of city busses
Montgomery Bus Boycott
203
offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe on condition they wouldn't go communist
Marshall Plan
204
Law Passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher education
G.I. Bill of Rights
205
205
American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world
Containment
206
207
207
208
