ALL AP VOCABULARY Flashcards
He established the proprietary colony of Maryland & wanted to achieve great wealth & create a haven for Catholics,
Lord Baltimore
Trans-Atlantic exchange of people, diseases, food, trade, ideas, etc.
Columbian Exchange
Companies made up of group of investors who bought the right to establish plantations from the king
Joint Stock Company
The first written framework of government established in what is now the United States, signed by 41 people
Mayflower Compact
Focused on trading fur, exploring, and peacefully converting Native Americans to Catholicism
French Colonization
Protestants who wished to purify Anglican Church by breaking away from Catholics & barring people who weren’t commited
Puritans
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island
New England Colonies
English explorer and early leader of the Jamestown Colony, the first permanent English settlement in North America.
John Smith
Started in Virginia and spread many companies such as the Virginia Company of Plymouth.
British Colonization
Established the colony of New Amsterdam as a trading post for gold, furs and other resources
Dutch Colonization
First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the chief figure among the Puritan founders of New England
John Winthrop
A Puritan colony given by King Charles in 1629, after the Puritans had been kicked out of England.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
It called for a confederation of colonies to defend against attack by European and native foes
Albany Plan o Union
War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
French and Indian War
Placed a tax on almost all printed materials in the colonies. This tax enraged colonists
Stamp Act
Act forcing colonists to house & supply British forces in the colonies; created more resentment
Quartering Act
An order in which Britain prohibited its American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
Proclamation of 1763
Argument of the colonists that the representation of parliamentary legislatures (British lawmakers) was not sufficient
Virtual vs Direct Representation
Declared Parliament had power to tax colonies both internally & externally, had absolute power over colonial legislature
Declaratory Act
Incident where British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were taunting them, five of them were killed.
Boston Massacre
Colonists disguised as Native Americans boarded three British ships and dumped British tea into the Boston harbor
Boston Tea Party
Organizations that led protests, helped American soldiers, instated a boycott, and generally resisted the British
Sons/Daughters of Liberty
1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution
George Washington
America’s first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts,
John Adams
Protestants who wished to purify Anglican Church, break away from Catholic practices & ban people who were not commited
Puritans
The last major effort by the Native Americans of southern New England to drive out the English settlers
King Philip’s War
System where raw materials from colonies had to go to Britain; any exported goods needed to stop off in Britain first
Mercantilism
Which one of these leaders supported the Federalist Party?
Alexander Hamilton
Began in Virginia, sometimes worked peacefully with Native Americans, exchanged goods/ideas, most often cultures clashed
British Colonization
The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions.
Spanish Colonization
Which one of these leaders supported the Democratic-Republican Party?
Thomas Jefferson
One of the main purposes was to improve relations with Great Britain for business and trade
Jay Treaty
This issue was SUPPORTED by Alexander Hamilton, bur OPPOSED by Thomas Jefferson
National Bank
fought over trade restrictions caused by British-French war, impressing of American sailors & British supporting Natives
War of 1812
Act passed by congress in 1807 prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port
Embargo Act
Which of these court cases established Judicial Review?
Marbury v Madison
Judicial Review states that the Supreme Court can
Declare laws unconstitutional
A meeting of Federalist delegates from New England inspired by Federalist opposition to the War of 1812
Hartford Convention
establish a protective tariff, establish a national bank, and improve the country’s transporation system
American System
first widespread economic crisis in the United States; brought deflation, depression, bank failures, and unemployment
Panic of 1819
Failed proposal to prohibit the importation of slaves into Missouri territory and pave the way for gradual emancipation
Tallmadge Amendment
Missouri joins U.S. as slave state, Maine joins as free state, banned slavery north of latitude 36˚30’ in LA territory
Compromise of 1820
British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
Impressment
the right to vote
Suffrage
An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.
Urbanization
The development of industries for the machine production of goods.
Industrialization
1st Secretary of State, supported national bank & state debts being paid by federal government
Alexander Hamilton
“Father of the Constitution,” Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.
James Madison
Created the Spoil System and some argued under his rule the executive branch became too powerful
Andrew Jackson
6th President of the United States, elected through the “Corrupt Bargain”
John Quincy Adams
Rejects treaty and begins to organize huge Native American Alliance against U.S. expansion.
Tecumseh’s Confederacy
Native Americans were entitled to federal protection from state government actions that infringe on tribe’s sovereignty
Worcester v Georgia
The route taken by Native Americans as they were relocated to Oklahoma; 20-25% died before reaching Oklahoma
Trail of Tears
Law that removed all Indians east of the Mississippi to an “Indian Territory” where they would be “permanently” housed.
Indian Removal Act
Stated that if any European nations colonize land/interfere with states in North/South America, U.S. would intervene
Monroe Doctrine
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
Spoils System
Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State.
Corrupt Bargain
The President’s cabinet was selected based on loyalty and friendship rather than qualifications and experience
Corrupt Bargain
Congress created a new law regarding imports, which made northern manufacturers happy but alienated southern planters
Tariff of 1828
idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands
Cult of Domesticity
Anonymous method that helps to make elections fair and honest
Secret Ballot
an attempt by the state of South Carolina to cancel a federal law passed by Congress
Nullification Crisis
A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building
Factory System
U.S. citizens who opposed immigration because they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to them
Nativists
personal worth and identity reside not in the people themselves but in the products with which they surround themselves
Consumer Culture
economic changes where people buy and sell goods rather than make them themselves
Market Revolution
A name for President Monroe’s two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion
Era of Good Feelings
reestablished commercial links between U.S. and Britain
Jay Treaty
Marbury v Madison established…
Judicial Review
Passed by Federalists…authorized gov’t to imprison or expel those writing against the gov’t.
Alien abd Sedition Acts
Native Americans were entitled to federal protection from state government actions that infringe on tribe’s sovereignty
Worcester v Georgia
Created the Spoil System, 7th President, “common-man:, some thought his executive branch became too powerful
Andrew Jackson
What was the name of William Lloyd Garrison’s newspaper that opposed slavery?
The Liberator
Led a rebellion that took place in Virginia in 1831. 75 white individuals were killed, and co-conspirators were hung
Nat Turner
Which one of these reformers were focused mainly on public schools?
Horace Mann
How did the Seneca Falls Convention (1848) impact the Women’s Rights movement in America?
It was the start of an organized movement to fight for women’s rights
John Quincy Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State.
Corrupt Bargain
One nickname for cotton in the Early Republic was…
King Cotton
Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action
Frederick Douglas
Andrew Jackson wins a landslide and becomes the 7th President of the United States
Election of 1828
Schools in Southern rural areas had _____ educational resources
few
Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws
Judicial Review
What percentage of the Southern population owned more than 20 slaves?
Less than 5%
The South was focused less on ______ than the North in the Early Republic
Education
Many Southern writers/artists depicted enslaved people as ___________ in the Early Republic
Happy and well-cared for
19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason
Romanticism
Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of abolitionist newspaper “The Liberator”,
William Lloyd Garrison
A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism
Second Great Awakening
to make of no value or consequence, cancel, wipe out
nullify
In the Early Republic, key Southern values included
honor, community, tradition
Who were Yeoman Farmers?
White non slave-owning farmers
Modeled after the Declaration of Independence, declared that all men AND women are created equal, signed at Seneca Falls
Declaration of Sentiments
the movement to end slavery and the slave trade
Abolition
caused by British-French war; impressment of American sailors, & British supporting Native Americans keeping their land
War of 1812
An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption
Temperance
