all about sex Flashcards
how sexual recombination contributes to population genetic variation
contributes by combining alleles from parent - could lead to diff traits. asexual doesn’t have this as its just duplication/replication
meanings of dioecious and monoecious
dioecious means individuals of one sex. monoecious means individuals of both sex (had diff reproductive organs).
benefits of sex and reproducing sexually compared to asexual reproduction
pros of sexual reproduction include variation due to gene exchange, recombination, independent assortment, and fusion of parents chromosomes leading to new combination of alleles which may lead to greater adaptability and removal of ‘bad’ alleles - favours best allele combination/
distinctions between intrasexual selection and intersexual selection
intrasexual selection is when individuals of a sex compete amongst themselves for mates. females fight for access to territory, resources, mates. males compete physically and by monopolizing resources so females are more likely to choose them;; intersexual selection is where (generally) females choose mates based on ‘displays’ and physicals traits. males compete for attention.
the influence of female mate choice on the evolution of ornate structures in males
females may select mates based off their ornante stuctures which could then appear in their offsprings and etc. May lead to a population that is abundant in that ornate trait. Females do this as it shows males have survives despite carrying the burden of the ornate structure
how and why sexual reproduction places different selective forces on males vs. females
generally, for males it is the access to females and the competition with other males. and for females it is the limited amount of gametes and the time for growing and rearing offsprings.
why males usually compete for access to females (rather than vice versa), and why in some species this pattern is reversed
females dont have many eggs so males compete to fertilize them. (ADD MORE)
which sex usually has higher potential fitness
males generally have the higher potential fitness
which sex has higher average fitness
both have the save avg fitness
relationship between sexual selection and parental investment
sex that invests more in parental care is generally the choosier sex
what are the types of sequential monoecy? (STUDY SIZE ADVANTAGE MODEL)
protogyny is when they start from female to male. protandry is when they start from male to female.
types of sexual reproduction
obligately sexual, facultatively sexual (both), obligately asexual. asexual reproduction in animals is called parthenogenesis.
what is sex?
exchange of genetic material between 2 individuals
what are hermaphrodites? and explain the types
animals that are monoecious. simultaneous where they are both sexes at once. sequential where they born with one sex and switch to another at a certain threshold
costs of sex and reproducing sexually compared to asexual reproduction
costs include the fact that finding a mate is time-consuming and uses resources. includes exposure to predation and sexually transmitted diseases. costly as only 1/2 of genetic material is inherited in sexual reproduction and inefficient because only one sex can reproduce.
