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Biology: Invertebrates > All About Invertebrates > Flashcards

All About Invertebrates Flashcards

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1
Q

How many species of Cnidaria are there estimated to be?

A

9000

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2
Q

What type of symmetry do cnidarians have?

A

Radial

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3
Q

How many layers of tissue do cnidarians have?

A

2 they are diplobastic

They are the outer epidermis (skin like) and the inner gastrodermis

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4
Q

They have a _______ gut which means that the gastrovascular cavity has a ____ opening for the mouth and anus

A

Hollow

Single/1

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5
Q

What shape are cnidarians?

A

Tubular or bell shaped with the tentacles surrounding the mouth/anus

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6
Q

Invertebrates include….?

A 
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms/Annelida
Mollusks
Arthropods
And echinoderms
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7
Q

Cnidarians are the only animals with ___________ (stinging cells) found in the __________.

A

Cnidocytes

Tentacles

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8
Q

What is a Nematocyst?

A

They are coiled, harpoon-like stingers inside the cnidocyte that shoots out and poisons/paralyzes prey

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9
Q

Besides the cnidocytes to catch prey the tentacles also have the job of doing what for the cnidarian?

A

Bringing food to the mouth

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10
Q

How does a cnidarian digest food?

A

The inner gastrodermis secretes digestive juices into the gastrovascular cavity which digests the food and circulates the nutrients.

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11
Q

Cnidarians have a ________ nerve net and sensory receptors….

A

Simple

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12
Q

What is Mesoglea?

A

It is the gell fluid in between the gastroderm and epidermis that allows the animal to float.

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13
Q

In a cnidarian, if the shape is a bell, the Mesoglea is thick and the tentacles go downward then what is it called?
( not named “jellyfish”)

A

Medusa

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14
Q

If in a cnidarians the shape is tubular, the Mesoglea is thin and the tentacles face up then what is it called?
( not named “sea anemone”)

A

Polyp

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15
Q

Scyphozoan is another name for what cnidarian?

A

Jellyfish

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16
Q

Anthozoan is another name for what cnidarian ?

A

Sea anemone

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17
Q

Name 3 characteristics of a “Hydra” about its origin, reproduction, and habitat

A

Only polyps
Reproduce by budding
And they live in freshwater

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18
Q

A Portuguese Man-Of-War is a colonial ___________, meaning that it is not just one single organism

A

Hydrozoan

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19
Q

The root word of Ctenophorans is cteno which means….?

A

Section or plates

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20
Q

Ctenophorans are also called….?

A

Comb jellies

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21
Q

All comb jellies (ctenophorans) live in what habitat

A) freshwater
Or
B) marine

A

B) marine

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22
Q

There are approximately how many species of comb jellies?

A

100

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23
Q

The comb jellies may be 3 shapes in appearance… What are they?

A

Spherical, ovoid, or elongated

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24
Q

A special trait about Combe jellies are that they are ________________ which means they take chemicals from the food they eat to create this effect.

A

Bioluminescent

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25
Q

While comb jellies have different appearances, they all have one type of symmetry. What is it?

A

Radial symmetry

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26
Q

Referring to the root word of ctenophorans, cteno( section or plates), how many plates of fused cilia do comb jellies have that resemble combs?

A

8

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27
Q

How do comb jellies move?

A

They move by beating the cilia

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28
Q

Most of the body of a ctenophoran is made up of…..?

A

Mesoglea

Gell fluid in b/twn the gastroderm and epidermis that allows them to float

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29
Q

The body and tentacles of the cone jellies covered with………. To catch prey

A

Sticky mucus

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30
Q

How many different species of animals inhabit the earth?

A

9-10 million

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31
Q

Where do most animals live on earth?

A

The seas

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32
Q

What are the names of the 7 basic levels of the taxonomy hierarchy? And what is the mnemonic given to remember it?

A

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Changeable depending on teacher
King Phillip Came Over From Germany Stoned

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33
Q

How many species are classified as Porifera

A

5000

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34
Q

Poriferans don’t have mouths; instead they have…..

A

Tiny pores in the outer walls

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35
Q

Poriferans is another name for what animal?

A

Sponges

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36
Q

What names are given for the three primary shapes of sponges?

A

Asconoid
Syconold
Leuconoid

37
Q

What are the characteristics of an Asconoid shape for sponges?

A

They are tubular with pores

38
Q

What are the characteristics for Syconold shape of sponges?

A

Large tub with single osculum

39
Q

What are the characteristics of sponges for Leuconoid shape?

A

Largest and most complex

40
Q

What are the 2 purposes for collar cells in sponges?

A

To beat the flagella back and forth to force water through the sponge and pick up tiny bits of food

41
Q

What 2 substances compose the skeleton of the sponge?

A

Spicules and spongin

42
Q

What type of sponge is large enough for a diver to go inside the osculum?

A

Barrel sponges

43
Q

What is another name for the Kingdom Animalia?

A

Metazoa

44
Q

What 2 classifications levels are not found in Kingdom Animalia?

A

Prokaryotes or Protista/ Protists

45
Q

What 2 characteristics are shared by all animals?

A

They multicellular and heterotrophic

46
Q

What group of animals contains the most species?

A

Insects

47
Q

Cnidarians have……. Symmetry
A) Radial
Or
B) Biradial

A

A) radial

48
Q

What is the most dangerous kind of jellyfish?

A

Box jellyfish

49
Q

In what ocean of what country can the box jelly be found?

A

It can be found in warm coastal waters all around the world but the deadliest live in the Indo- Pacific region

50
Q

What color is dead coral?

A

Whitish or light colored

51
Q

What makes living coral different colored?

A

Zooxanthellae

52
Q

Platyhelminthes or flatworms are often mistaken for what?

A

Sea slugs

53
Q

Regeneration for a Platyhelminthe means…?

A

The ability to grow back a head or grow more worms off of pieces of the body

54
Q

Mimicry is…?

A

Mimicking colors that mean toxicity so that the animals that would normally eat them leave them be

55
Q

Polyclad flatworms are cephalized. What does this mean?

A

They have an unidentifiable head region

56
Q

Cephalopoda have these characteristics…

A
  • change color faster than a chameleon
  • changes texture and body shape
  • has 3 hearts pumping blue blood
  • has jet propulsion
  • has species in all oceans of the world
57
Q

What does the word Cephalopoda mean?

A

Head foot

58
Q

What animals are thought to have highly developed senses, including a large brain, and are thought to be the most intelligent of the invertebrates?

A

Most mollusks

59
Q

Do cuttlefish, squid, and octopuses have shells?

A

No

60
Q

How many living species of Cephalopods are on Earth today?

A

800

61
Q

What color is Cephalopod blood?

A

Blue

62
Q

What makes cephalopod blood the color it is?

A

Because it binds oxygen using a blue/copper- containing protein called hemocyanin

63
Q

Do octopuses eat their own arms?

A

Only under extreme stress or “autophagy” (disease)

64
Q

What is the biggest species of octopus?

A

Giant pacific octopus ( Enteroctopus dofleini)

65
Q

What 2 substances mix together to form the ink of a squid?

A

Melanin and mucus

66
Q

Can octopuses walk outside of water?

A

Yes

67
Q

What is a group of squid called?

A

A shoal or squad

68
Q

What are 4 organ systems found in Annelids

A

1) circulatory system w/ 5 aortic arches
2) digestive tract
3) small brain (dorsal side of pharynx
4) clitellum

69
Q

What are 3 types of animals found in Phylum Annelida

A

Earthworms, leeches, and lugworms

70
Q

Which one of these 3 Annelids is marine?

A) earthworm
B) leech
C) lugworm

A

C) lugworm

71
Q

How many different species are found in the Phylum Annelida?

A

Around 9000

72
Q

What are 3 examples of Polychaetes?

A

Lugworms, clam worms, and bristleworms

73
Q

What are 3 basic characteristics of echinoderms?

A

1) water vascular system
2) 5 part symmetry
3) endoskeletal elements

74
Q

How many living species of echinoderms are there?

A

Around 7000

75
Q

Where are all species of echinoderms found?

A

In the sea

76
Q

What is the meaning of a the word “echinoderm”

A

A marine invertebrate of the phylum Echinodermata

77
Q

Do parent echinoderms raise their young?

A

No

78
Q

What is the common name of Arthropods in the class pycnogonida?

A

Sea spider

79
Q

What are the common names of 5 different animals found in Subphylum Crustacea?

A

Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, woodlice

80
Q

What living animal belongs to the Class Merostomata?

A

Horseshoe crab

81
Q

Give an example of an animal in Class Chilopoda

A

Centipede

82
Q

Give an example of an animal in the Class Diplopoda

A

Millipede

83
Q

Define archaeocyte ( amoebocyte )

A

Cells with pseudopods, located in the mesohyl they are used in processing food, distributing it to other cells, and for other functions

84
Q

Define choanocyte

A

Also called the collar cell, the cells line the inner cavity of the sponge and have a flagellum. The sponge obtains its nutrients and oxygen by processing flowing water using choanocytes

85
Q

Epidermis (pinacocyte)

A

The epidermis is the layer of cells that covers the outer surface of the sponge. The thin, flattened cells of the epidermis are called Pinacocytes

86
Q

Flagellum

A

The whip like structure of a Choanocyte; the flagellum moves, pushing water (which contains nourishment ) through the sponge

87
Q

Mesohyl (mesenchyme)

A

The gelatinous layer between the outer body of the sponge and the spongocoel (the inner cavity)

88
Q

Spicule

A

Spicules are sharp spikes (made of calcium carbonate) located in the mesohyl. spicules form the “skeleton” of many sponges

Biology: Invertebrates (1 decks)

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