All About Invertebrates Flashcards
How many species of Cnidaria are there estimated to be?
9000
What type of symmetry do cnidarians have?
Radial
How many layers of tissue do cnidarians have?
2 they are diplobastic
They are the outer epidermis (skin like) and the inner gastrodermis
They have a _______ gut which means that the gastrovascular cavity has a ____ opening for the mouth and anus
Hollow
Single/1
What shape are cnidarians?
Tubular or bell shaped with the tentacles surrounding the mouth/anus
Invertebrates include….?
Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Segmented worms/Annelida Mollusks Arthropods And echinoderms
Cnidarians are the only animals with ___________ (stinging cells) found in the __________.
Cnidocytes
Tentacles
What is a Nematocyst?
They are coiled, harpoon-like stingers inside the cnidocyte that shoots out and poisons/paralyzes prey
Besides the cnidocytes to catch prey the tentacles also have the job of doing what for the cnidarian?
Bringing food to the mouth
How does a cnidarian digest food?
The inner gastrodermis secretes digestive juices into the gastrovascular cavity which digests the food and circulates the nutrients.
Cnidarians have a ________ nerve net and sensory receptors….
Simple
What is Mesoglea?
It is the gell fluid in between the gastroderm and epidermis that allows the animal to float.
In a cnidarian, if the shape is a bell, the Mesoglea is thick and the tentacles go downward then what is it called?
( not named “jellyfish”)
Medusa
If in a cnidarians the shape is tubular, the Mesoglea is thin and the tentacles face up then what is it called?
( not named “sea anemone”)
Polyp
Scyphozoan is another name for what cnidarian?
Jellyfish
Anthozoan is another name for what cnidarian ?
Sea anemone
Name 3 characteristics of a “Hydra” about its origin, reproduction, and habitat
Only polyps
Reproduce by budding
And they live in freshwater
A Portuguese Man-Of-War is a colonial ___________, meaning that it is not just one single organism
Hydrozoan
The root word of Ctenophorans is cteno which means….?
Section or plates
Ctenophorans are also called….?
Comb jellies
All comb jellies (ctenophorans) live in what habitat
A) freshwater
Or
B) marine
B) marine
There are approximately how many species of comb jellies?
100
The comb jellies may be 3 shapes in appearance… What are they?
Spherical, ovoid, or elongated
A special trait about Combe jellies are that they are ________________ which means they take chemicals from the food they eat to create this effect.
Bioluminescent
While comb jellies have different appearances, they all have one type of symmetry. What is it?
Radial symmetry
Referring to the root word of ctenophorans, cteno( section or plates), how many plates of fused cilia do comb jellies have that resemble combs?
8
How do comb jellies move?
They move by beating the cilia
Most of the body of a ctenophoran is made up of…..?
Mesoglea
Gell fluid in b/twn the gastroderm and epidermis that allows them to float
The body and tentacles of the cone jellies covered with………. To catch prey
Sticky mucus
How many different species of animals inhabit the earth?
9-10 million
Where do most animals live on earth?
The seas
What are the names of the 7 basic levels of the taxonomy hierarchy? And what is the mnemonic given to remember it?
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Changeable depending on teacher
King Phillip Came Over From Germany Stoned
How many species are classified as Porifera
5000
Poriferans don’t have mouths; instead they have…..
Tiny pores in the outer walls
Poriferans is another name for what animal?
Sponges
What names are given for the three primary shapes of sponges?
Asconoid
Syconold
Leuconoid
What are the characteristics of an Asconoid shape for sponges?
They are tubular with pores
What are the characteristics for Syconold shape of sponges?
Large tub with single osculum
What are the characteristics of sponges for Leuconoid shape?
Largest and most complex
What are the 2 purposes for collar cells in sponges?
To beat the flagella back and forth to force water through the sponge and pick up tiny bits of food
What 2 substances compose the skeleton of the sponge?
Spicules and spongin
What type of sponge is large enough for a diver to go inside the osculum?
Barrel sponges
What is another name for the Kingdom Animalia?
Metazoa
What 2 classifications levels are not found in Kingdom Animalia?
Prokaryotes or Protista/ Protists
What 2 characteristics are shared by all animals?
They multicellular and heterotrophic
What group of animals contains the most species?
Insects
Cnidarians have……. Symmetry
A) Radial
Or
B) Biradial
A) radial
What is the most dangerous kind of jellyfish?
Box jellyfish
In what ocean of what country can the box jelly be found?
It can be found in warm coastal waters all around the world but the deadliest live in the Indo- Pacific region
What color is dead coral?
Whitish or light colored
What makes living coral different colored?
Zooxanthellae
Platyhelminthes or flatworms are often mistaken for what?
Sea slugs
Regeneration for a Platyhelminthe means…?
The ability to grow back a head or grow more worms off of pieces of the body
Mimicry is…?
Mimicking colors that mean toxicity so that the animals that would normally eat them leave them be
Polyclad flatworms are cephalized. What does this mean?
They have an unidentifiable head region
Cephalopoda have these characteristics…
- change color faster than a chameleon
- changes texture and body shape
- has 3 hearts pumping blue blood
- has jet propulsion
- has species in all oceans of the world
What does the word Cephalopoda mean?
Head foot
What animals are thought to have highly developed senses, including a large brain, and are thought to be the most intelligent of the invertebrates?
Most mollusks
Do cuttlefish, squid, and octopuses have shells?
No
How many living species of Cephalopods are on Earth today?
800
What color is Cephalopod blood?
Blue
What makes cephalopod blood the color it is?
Because it binds oxygen using a blue/copper- containing protein called hemocyanin
Do octopuses eat their own arms?
Only under extreme stress or “autophagy” (disease)
What is the biggest species of octopus?
Giant pacific octopus ( Enteroctopus dofleini)
What 2 substances mix together to form the ink of a squid?
Melanin and mucus
Can octopuses walk outside of water?
Yes
What is a group of squid called?
A shoal or squad
What are 4 organ systems found in Annelids
1) circulatory system w/ 5 aortic arches
2) digestive tract
3) small brain (dorsal side of pharynx
4) clitellum
What are 3 types of animals found in Phylum Annelida
Earthworms, leeches, and lugworms
Which one of these 3 Annelids is marine?
A) earthworm
B) leech
C) lugworm
C) lugworm
How many different species are found in the Phylum Annelida?
Around 9000
What are 3 examples of Polychaetes?
Lugworms, clam worms, and bristleworms
What are 3 basic characteristics of echinoderms?
1) water vascular system
2) 5 part symmetry
3) endoskeletal elements
How many living species of echinoderms are there?
Around 7000
Where are all species of echinoderms found?
In the sea
What is the meaning of a the word “echinoderm”
A marine invertebrate of the phylum Echinodermata
Do parent echinoderms raise their young?
No
What is the common name of Arthropods in the class pycnogonida?
Sea spider
What are the common names of 5 different animals found in Subphylum Crustacea?
Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, woodlice
What living animal belongs to the Class Merostomata?
Horseshoe crab
Give an example of an animal in Class Chilopoda
Centipede
Give an example of an animal in the Class Diplopoda
Millipede
Define archaeocyte ( amoebocyte )
Cells with pseudopods, located in the mesohyl they are used in processing food, distributing it to other cells, and for other functions
Define choanocyte
Also called the collar cell, the cells line the inner cavity of the sponge and have a flagellum. The sponge obtains its nutrients and oxygen by processing flowing water using choanocytes
Epidermis (pinacocyte)
The epidermis is the layer of cells that covers the outer surface of the sponge. The thin, flattened cells of the epidermis are called Pinacocytes
Flagellum
The whip like structure of a Choanocyte; the flagellum moves, pushing water (which contains nourishment ) through the sponge
Mesohyl (mesenchyme)
The gelatinous layer between the outer body of the sponge and the spongocoel (the inner cavity)
Spicule
Spicules are sharp spikes (made of calcium carbonate) located in the mesohyl. spicules form the “skeleton” of many sponges
