ALL ABOUT CELLS (PRELIMS)

Question 1

What are the three tenets of cell theory?

Answer 1

1.) Cells are the basic unit of life
2.) All living things are composed of one or more cells.
3.) All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Levels of Organization

Answer 2

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism

Question 3

What postulate supports the levels of organization?

Answer 3

1.) Cells are the basic unit of life

Question 4

What are the three functions of a cell?

Answer 4

• make energy (need atp energy for all activities)
• make protein (proteins do all the work, so we need them)
• make more cells (for growth and replacement of diseased or damaged cells)

Question 5

what are the things that pancreatic cell produces?

Answer 5

• insulin hormones
• glycagon hormones
• digestive enzymes

Question 6

Serves as the outer boundary of the cell.

Answer 6

Cell Membrane

Question 7

Cell membrane consists of a ____________ that separates the internal and external environment of a cell.

Answer 7

Bilayer of Phospholipid

Question 8

Can you expound on the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 8

Acts as a gatekeeper for regulating the passage of molecules, ions, and gases betweetn outside and inside of the cell

Question 9

_______ is a lipid molecule with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group

Answer 9

Phospholipid

Question 10

basic unit of life in cell membrane

Answer 10

phospholipid

Question 11

What do you call the circular part of the lipid molecule?

Answer 11

Phosphate group

Question 12

What do you call the end of the lipid molecule?

Answer 12

fatty acid chain

Question 13

It contains the ends of phospholipid; polar (has a positive and negative end); hydrophilic (water longing)

Answer 13

Phosphate group

Question 14

Regulates water inside the cell because of prescence of cytosol. Non polar (distribution of electron’s almost equal)

Answer 14

fatty acid chains

Question 15

Hydrophobic ___________ and Hydrophilic ___________

Answer 15

tail ; head

Question 16

Why is cell membrane semi-permeable?

Answer 16

Because it regulates the molecules coming in and out of the cell. Certain substances pass through, and some do not.

Question 17

CEO, storehouse of genetic information in form of DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

Answer 17

Nucleus

Question 18

4 Parts of a nucleus

Answer 18

1.) Nuclear pore - where dna passes through in proteinsynthesis
2.) Nucleolus - dense resion where small organelles essential for making proteins are ounf (ribosomes)
3.) Nucleoplasm
4.) Nuclear envelope - doube membrane. two membranes are phospholipid bilayers that enclose the DNA.

Question 19

This part or organelle contains loosely coiled fibers called chromatim consisting of deoxyribonucleic acid and proteins.

Answer 19

Chromatim

Question 20

Jelly like fluid

Answer 20

cytosol

Question 21

Jelly like fluid and the organelles in between

Answer 21

cytoplasm

Question 22

Fills space between nucleus and cell membrane, and maintains the shape of the cell. This contains water, salt, proteins, organells, enzymes, and ions.

Answer 22

cytoplasm

Question 23

These are the workers of the cell

Answer 23

Ribosomes

Question 24

They are responsible for proteinsynthesis.
They receive coded message from DNA.

Answer 24

Ribosomes

Question 25

What does RNA mean?

Answer 25

Ribonucleic acid

Question 26

What happens when mRNA from nucleus gets with the Ribosomes?

Answer 26

The mRNA travels to the ribosomes, which translate the code providede by the sequence of the nitrogen bases in the mRNA into a specific order.

Question 27

serves as the pathway through the cytoplasm, as a support structure for the attachment of other organells, and as a workstation for the ribosomes.

Answer 27

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 28

network of sac-like sheets and tube responsible for the production of various organic compounds and modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids.

Answer 28

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 29

Responsible for modifying proteins. It is responsible for the production of secretory proteins such as glycoproteins

Answer 29

Rough ER

Question 30

lacks in Ribosomes on its surface. Its main fucntion is the synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons, and storage of calcium ions.

Answer 30

Smooth ER

Question 31

After leaving the ER, the vesicle transports the proteins to?

Answer 31

Golgi Apparatus

Question 32

Function of Golgi Apparatus

Answer 32

Sorts, packs, and tags because it has enzymes that modify the proteins that allow them to be sorted

Question 33

What are the organells involved in building proteins?

Answer 33

Nucleus Ribosomes ER Golgi Body Vesicle

Question 34

round-shaped membrane bound structures containing chemicals that can break down materials in the cell.

Answer 34

Lysosomes

Question 35

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzyme called ________ that digests substances and worn out cellular parts.

Answer 35

Lysozyme

Question 36

Enzymes go there if they are not needed

Answer 36

Lysosomes

Question 37

Why do plant cells do not have lysosomes, give three reasons.

Answer 37

1) lysosomes breaks down carbohydrates, which is what the cell wall is made up of. 2.) Plant cells already have a lytics vacuole that is kind of the same 3.) evolutionary reasons.

Question 38

Phago means?

Answer 38

engulf

Question 39

small, round organells enclosed by single membranes. Contains enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms from substances and trasnfer to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide as a by-product.

Answer 39

Peroxisome

Question 40

Glycoxisome is only present in?`

Answer 40

Plant cell

Question 41

A fluid filled sac for the storage of materials needed by the cell. Big in plant cell because it needs it due to lack of lysosomes.

Answer 41

Vacuole

Question 42

small, bean-shaped, rod-shaped or long, threadlike organelles. Major site of ATP production.

Answer 42

Mitochondria

Question 43

Process of making ATP energy using the chemical energy found in glucose and other nutrients with presence of oxygen

Answer 43

Cellular Respiration

Question 44

Only found in plant cell and other photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. They function in the photosynthetic production of sugar (ATP)

Answer 44

Chloroplast

Question 45

This is only present in animal cell in which it is the specialized zone of cytoplasm close to the nucleus. Contains two centiroles that are perpendicular to each other.

Answer 45

Centrosomes

Question 46

____________ are microtubule rings. During cell division, the centrosome and ____ are duplicated and the new centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.

Answer 46

Centrioles

Question 47

________ are lomg, hair-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and used to move an entire cell. Kind of like the tail in sperm cell.

Answer 47

Flagella

Question 48

______ looks like hairs with much shorter length. It beats back and forth to move. Kind of like the hairs in a bacterial cell.

Answer 48

Cilia

Question 49

Two distinct types of cells are:

Answer 49

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 50

Prokaryotic means

Answer 50

before nucleus

Question 51

Eukarytoic means

Answer 51

true nucleus

Question 52

it is a part of a bacterial cell that has a layer of carbohydrates that surrounds the cell wall, which means this is the outer most layer with the 3 layers it has. It attaches prokaryotic cell to surface; and is responsible for protection and support.

Answer 52

Capsule

Question 53

The middle layer in which it is the rigid structure of plasma membrane. Provides protection and support from the outside environment.

Answer 53

Cell wall

Question 54

It is the inner layer, in which it is the phospholipid bilayer protection and support. Passageway of materials existing and entering the cell.

Answer 54

Cell Membrane.

Question 55

Does bacterial cell have ribosomes?

Answer 55

Yes, they are responsible for proteinsynthesis.

Question 56

Located at the central region of a cell. It hold the genetic materials of the cell.

Answer 56

Nucleoid

Question 57

An independent circular DNA that carries genes. Plays a big role in antibiotic resistance of bacteria.

Answer 57

Plasmid

Question 58

Smaller than flagella and fimbriae, and is used for transferring plasmid from one prokaryotic cell to another.

Answer 58

Pili

Question 59

What do you call the process in which bacteria is replicated>

Answer 59

Bacterial Conjugation

Question 60

Plasmids are replicated independently of a bacteriums ______?

Answer 60

genophore

Question 61

Which does bacteria have: Cilia or Flagella

Answer 61

Flagella

Question 62

1. No true nucleus 2. Smaller than eukaryotic cells. 3. No membrane bound organelles (just ribosomes) 4. DNA - single strand and circular 5. All are unicellular 6. Ex; All bacteria

Answer 62

Prokaryotes

Question 63

1. It has a nucleus with a nuclear envelope 2. Bigger and more complex than prokaryotes 3. Have membrane bound organells (golgi, ER, lyososomes) 4. DNA - double-stranded and forms chromosomes (highly organized) 5. Can be uni - OR multicellular organisms 6. Ex: Animals, plants, fungis

Answer 63

Eukaryotic cells

Question 64

Gram + is thicker and permeability is?

Answer 64

mas mababa

Question 65

Gram - is thinner and permeability is ?

Answer 65

mas mataas