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Unit 3 exam health > all > Flashcards

all Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular disease

A

Refers to the development of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels.

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2
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Consists of the heart and blood vessels – Both arteries and veins

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3
Q

Heart

A

Four chambered, fist sized muscle

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4
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Right side of the heart pumps blood through the rest of the body

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5
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Left side of the heart pumps blood through the rest of the body

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6
Q

Resting heart rate

A

The number of times your heart beats per minute while at complete rest

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7
Q

Systole

A

Heart’s contraction

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8
Q

Diastole

A

Period of relaxation

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9
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels

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10
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A form of cardiovascular disease in which the inner layers of artery walls are made thick and irregular by plaque deposits. Thickening and hardening of arteries.

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11
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

Damage of disease in the heart’s major blood vessels

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12
Q

Heart attack

A

Damage to, or death of, heart muscle, resulting from a failure of the coronary arteries to deliver enough blood to the heart.

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13
Q

Arrythmia

A

A change in the heartbeats normal, regular pattern.

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14
Q

Electrocardiogram (EEG or EKG)

A

– A test to detect cardiac abnormalities by evaluating the electrical activity in the heart

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15
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

A computerized imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field to create detailed pictures of body structures

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16
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Abnormal enlargement of an organ

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17
Q

Triglyceride

A

A type of blood fat that can be a predictor of heart disease

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18
Q

Stroke

A

The blood supply of the brain is cut off, and the brain tissue subsequently dies

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19
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

A blood vessel ruptures in the brain

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20
Q

Aneurysm

A

A sac or outpouching formed by a distention or dilation of the artery wall

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21
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A

A mini stroke with temporary stroke like symptoms

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22
Q

Computed tomography (CT)

A

MRI’S and ultrasound are used for diagnosis

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23
Q

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

A

Refers to atherosclerosis in the arteries of the limbs, which can limit or block blood flow.

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24
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Results from damage to the heart’s pumping mechanism

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25
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Fluid accumulates in the lungs

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26
Q

Congenital heart defects

A

Malformations of the heart or major blood vessel

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27
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

Causes damage to the heart muscle and valves

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28
Q

Drug

A

Any chemical other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body

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29
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Those that alter a person’s perception, mood, behavior, or consciousness

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30
Q

Addiction

A

Viewed as a chronic disease, a pathological pursuit of pleasure or relief by substance use and other behaviors

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31
Q

Addictive behaviors

A

Habits that have gotten out of control, with resulting negative effects on a person’s health

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32
Q

Tolerance

A

Where the initial dose no longer produces the original emotional or psychological effects

33
Q

Substance misuse

A

The use of a substance that is not consistent with medical or legal guidelines

34
Q

Dependence

A

Physical dependence but also other criteria such as compulsive use

35
Q

Substance use disorder –

A

A cluster of symptoms involving cognitive, bodily, and social impairment related to the continued use of a substance

36
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Brain chemicals that transmit nerve impulses

37
Q

Pharmacological properties

A

Overall effects on a person’s behavior psychology, and chemistry

38
Q

Dose-response function

A

Relationship between the amount taken and the intensity and type of the resulting effect

39
Q

Time-action function

A

Relationship between the time elapsed since the drug was taken and the intensity of its effect

40
Q

Placebo effect

A

When a person responds to an inert substance (as in getting high) as if it were an active drug

41
Q

Opioids

A

Natural or synthetic drugs that relieve pain, cause drowsiness, and induce euphoria

42
Q

Euphoria

A

An exaggerated feeling of well-being

43
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

44
Q

Depressant/Sedative-hypnotic

A

Drug that decreases nervous or muscular activity, causing drowsiness or sleep

45
Q

Tranquilizer

A

CNS depressant that reduces tension and anxiety

46
Q

Stimulants

A

speed up the activity of the nervous or muscular system

47
Q

Hallucinogens

A

A group of drugs that alter the users perceptions, feelings, and thoughts

48
Q

Synesthesia

A

Feelings of depersonalization

49
Q

Codependency

A

A person close to a drug abuser is controlled by the abuser’s behavior

50
Q

Alcohol

A

Intoxicating ingredient in fermented or distilled beverages

51
Q

Proof value

A

Two times the percentage concentration

52
Q

One drink

A

Refers to the amount of a beverage that typically contains .6 ounces of alcohol; A typical serving is usually bigger than a single standard drink

53
Q

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

A

Ratio of alcohol in a person’s blood by weight

54
Q

Binge drinking

A

A pattern of rapid, periodic drinking that brings a person’s BAC up to .08 or higher

55
Q

Cirrhosis

A

A disease in which the liver is severely damaged by alcohol, other toxins, or infections

56
Q

Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)

A

Significant learning and behavioral disorders

57
Q

Nicotine

A

A powerful psychoactive drug

58
Q

Carcinogens

A

Directly causes cancer

59
Q

Cocarcinogens

A

Chemicals that combine with other chemicals to cause cancer

60
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

The outer region of the brain, which controls complex behavior and mental ability

61
Q

Hookah

A

A pipe used for smoking specially flavored tobacco, delivering 10 times more carbon monoxide

62
Q

Mainstream smoke

A

Smoke exhaled by smokers

63
Q

Cancer

A

An abnormal and uncontrollable multiplication of cells or tissue that can lead to death if untreated

64
Q

Tumor

A

A mass of tissue that serves no purpose

65
Q

Benign tumor

A

A mass of cells enclosed in a membrane that prevents their penetration into other tissues

66
Q

Malignant tumor

A

Can invade surrounding tissues

67
Q

Metastasis

A

The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another

68
Q

Remission

A

Signs and symptoms of cancer disappear

69
Q

Gene

A

A smaller unit of DNA

70
Q

Mutagens

A

Radiation, certain viruses, and chemical substances

71
Q

Oncogene

A

A gene involved in the transformation of a normal cell into cancer

72
Q

Tumor suppressor gene

A

Type of oncogene that normally functions to restrain cellular growth

73
Q

Biopsy

A

Removal of tissue to allow for microscopic examination

74
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Use of medications to kill cancer cells

75
Q

Carcinomas

A

The most common, arises from the epithelial tissue that covers body surfaces

76
Q

Sarcomas

A

Arise in connective and fibrous tissues

77
Q

Lymphomas

A

Cancers of the lymph nodes

78
Q

Leukemias

A

Cancers of the blood-forming cells, chiefly in bone marrow

Unit 3 exam health (1 decks)

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