All Flashcards
What is the acronym for a stroke and what does it stand for?
FAST FACE- does it droop? ARMS- can they be lifted? SPEECH- can they talk/ understand? TIME- to call 999
What is the acronym for a sprain/strain?
RICE REST the injury ICE the site COMFORTABLE position ELEVATE the limb
What is the acronym for a primary survey?
DRABC DANGER RESPONSE AIRWAYS BREATHING CIRCULATION
What are the priorities of first aid?
PAPP PRESERVATION of life ALLEVIATION of suffering PREVENT worsening of situation PROMOTE recovery
What are the stages of the chain of survival?
- early recognition
- early cpr
- early defibrillation
- post resuscitation care
What is Hythe definition of hypothermia?
When the core body temperature falls below 35’C
What are the causes of hypothermia?
- exhaustion
- intoxication( of drugs or alcohol)
- cold weather
- long time in cold water
What are the signs of hypothermia?
Shivering Blue lips Pale cold skin Stiff muscles Slurred speech
What are the symptoms of hypothermia?
Cold
Tired
Slow pulse
How would you treat hypothermia?
- call 999
- slowly move to warmer place
- remove wet clothing
- comfortable position
- slowly make warmer to prevent shock
What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
Nausea Loss of appetite Headaches Dizziness and confusion Muscle cramp
What are the signs of heat exhaustion?
Sweating
Pale clammy skin
What is the treatment for heat exhaustion?
- move to cool place
- sip tea water milk or isotonic drink
- lie down and raise legs
- cool skin
- becoming unconscious call 999
What are the signs of a seizure?
- suddenly collapse and stiffen
- blue lips
- jerking movements
- eyes roll back
- loud breathing
Treatment for seizure in water.
- Support to shallow water
- don’t let head go under water or hit anything
- once ended remove from pool (spinal lift)
- call 999
- fall into deep sleep so recovery position and monitor breathing
Treatment out of water.
- remove objects that could hurt casualty
- protect head and loosen clothing
- note time and duration
- recovery position
What is hyperglycaemia?
Too much sugar in blood Stream
What are the signs of hyperglycaemia?
- rapid pulse
- sweet fruity breath
What are the symptoms of hyperglycaemia?
Excessive thirst
Increased need to urinate
Drowsiness
Usually develops gradually so noticed by casualty
What is the treatments for hyperglycaemia?
999
Give sugary food / insulin
What is hypoglycaemia?
When there isn’t enough sugar in the body.
What are the symptoms of hypoglycaemia?
Feel faint
Tremble
Confusion
Aggressive
What are the signs of hypoglycaemia?
Pale and sweaty
Shallow breathing
Unconsciousness
What is the treatment for hypoglycaemia?
Isotonic drink, glucose tablet
If don’t respond to treatment call 999
What are the signs/ symptoms of a stroke?
Dropping face
Can’t raise both arms
Slurred speech
Can understand you
How would you treat a stroke?
- Call 999
- Lay down with head and shoulders raised.
- reassure
- don’t bombard with questions
- monitor
- if unconscious put in recovery position
What are the symptoms of fainting?
Nausea
Blurred vision
Stomach ache
Signs of fainting
Yawn and sway Pale Sweaty Cold clammy skin Slow weak pulse
What is the treatment for fainting
Reassure
Breath deep and slow
Lie down and raise legs
What are the symptoms of dislocation
Nausea
Pain
Signs of dislocation
Reluctant to move
Deformation
Swelling
Bruising
Treatment for dislocation
999 for help Comfortable position Support limb Don’t relocate Don’t eat or drink
What is a sprain?
Damage to a ligament
What is a strain
Damage to a muscle
Symptoms of sprain or strain
Pain
Difficulty moving
Signs of Spain or strain
Swelling
Bruising and discolouration ( sprain)
Cramp (strain)
How would you treat a sprain or strain?
RICE REST ICE COMFORTABLE POSITION ELEVATION
What are the types of fractures?
Open/ exposed wound
Closed / swelling and bruising
Complicated / affects blood vessels, vital organs, nerves
Green stick/ occurs in children
What are the symptoms of a fracture?
Severe pain
Hard to move area
Signs of a fracture
Cracking time and time of injury
Bleeding if open
Swelling
Deformity
Treatment of a fracture.
Move if necessary
Elevated sling = shoulder
Support sling = wrist, forearm , fingers
Cover exposed wound with sterile dressing
What will the signs and symptoms be like if the shock affects the heart?
A heart attack
Symptoms of electric shock
Pain Dizziness Confusion Disorientation Nauseous Thirst
Signs of electric shock
Jolt shake or jump Burns- entry and exit Unconsciousness Difficulty or no breathing Blue lips Pale cold and clammy skin
Treatment of shock
Turn of mains power supply Don’t touch with wet or metal Call 999 Primary survey and CPR Treat burns Treat for shock Lay on back with legs raised
Caused of burns
Dry heat ( fire) Wet heat ( steam) Chemical Electrical Sunburn
Three severities of burn
Superficial
Partial thickness
Full thickness
What to not put on burns
Creams Lotion Cotton wool Oils Burst blisters Remove clothing stuck to burn
What makes a burn severe
All layers of skin burnt
Burnt feet face hands genitals
Burn is larger than the casualties palm
Chemical or electrical
What are the symptoms of burns?
Pain in site of burn
Shock due to large loss of fluid
Breathing difficulties if airways affected.
Signs of burning
Blistering Redness Swelling Signs of shock Clear fluid of affected area
How to treat a splinter
Wear gloves
Clean area around it
Use tweezers to pull out at same angle it enters
Squeeze site to bleed and reduce infection
Clean dry and dress wound
Causes of a nose bleed
Bang nose
Violent sneeze
High blood pressure
Anti clotting medication
Treatment of nose bleed
Sit down and tilt head forwards Breath through mouth Apply pressure either side of bridge 10 mins at a time Don’t speak swallow sniff or cough If lasts 30 +mins call 999
How does blood flow from a varicose vein?
Squirt
How do you treat a bleed from varicose vein?
Direct pressure for at least 10 mins or until bleeding stops
Definition of amputation
Limb has been partially or completely severed from body
Treatment of amputation
Wrap in cling film plastic bag and then ice pack
Symptoms of internal bleeding
Thirsty
Confused
Pain around area
Signs of internal bleeding
Pale cold clammy skin
Bruising and swelling
Shock
Weak and rapid pulse
Treatment of internal bleeding
999 for emergency help
Lie casualty down
Treat for shock
Bleeding from capillaries looks like
Trickle
Bleeding from vein looks like
Oozing
Bleeding from artery looks like
Bloody will spurt leading to rapid blood loss and shock
Symptoms of hyperventilation
Dizziness Feeling faint Cramps and pins and needles Tight chest Panic Rapid pulse
Signs of hyperventilation
Fast deep breathing
Flushed skin
Definition of hyperventilation
Excessive breathing often a result of a panic attack
Treatment of hyperventilation
Remove to quiet area Reassure calm but firm Slow breaths through nose Small sips of water 999 if attack is prolonged
Triggers of anaphylaxis
Foods
Medicines
Insect stings
Latex
Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis
Swollen tongue Horse voice Hard swallowing Noisy breathing Wheeze and persistent cough Abdominal pain Nausea Rash Itching
Treatment of anaphylaxis
Ask if they have adrenaline auto injector Call 999 Sit up I’d breathing becomes hard If faint lay down and raise legs Second does if no better after 5-10 mins
Definition of asthma attack
Spasm and narrowing of airways
Signs of asthma attack
Anxiety
Difficult speaking
Pale and clammy
Blue lips
Symptoms of asthma attack
Breathing difficulty
Wheezy and breathless
Treatment of asthma attack
Reassure Sit in W position Encourage and assist use of prescribed medication Use again if doesn’t ease Remove from know cause Don’t move into cold air
Cause of a heart attack
Reduced blood flow to the heart
Signs of a heart attack
Pale grey skin Coughing Blue tinge Sweaty skin Breathing difficulty Clutching chest Sudden collapse
Symptoms of a heart attack
Dizzy Nausea Chest pains Tingling sensation Anxiety Feeling like indigestion
Causes of shock
Low blood volume
Loss of bodily fluids
Low cardiac output
What are the signs of shock
Pale cold clammy skin Blueness of lips Weak rapid pulse Shallow breathing Unconsciousness
Definition of shock
Failure of circulation leading to lack of blood to vital organs
Symptoms of shock
Dizziness Confusion Disorientation Nauseous Thirst
Treatment of shock
Lie down and raise legs Loosen tight clothing around neck and chest Reassure Keep warm Don’t give food and drink Call 999
What is asphyxia
Body being deprived of oxygen
What is cardiac arrest
Heart stopped pumping blood around body
What is irregular heart beat
Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
What causes cardiac arrest?
Lack of oxygen
Direct heart damage
Electric shock
Chain of survival
Early recognition
Early cpr
Early defibrillation
Post resuscitation care
How often should rescuers change when giving cpr
Every two mintues
Problems with cpr
Tracheostomy’s Regurgitation of stomach contents Air in stomach Broken ribs Chest doesn’t rise Fluid airways Confined spaces
What should be stored with a defibrillator?
Small towel Razor Pocket mask Gloves Shears *spare batteries * spare pads * paediatric pads
What is a sign
Something you see hear smell or feel
What is a symptom
Something the casualty tells you
History
What happened leading up to the incident and or medical bracelet
What does CPR stand for
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
What does AED stand for
Automated external defibrillator
What does VF stand for
Ventricular fibrillation
Attributes of a lifeguard
Strong communicator Good team player Able to lead Anticipate problems Observant Quick thinker Stay calm Good with people Positive attitude
Legislation we follow:
- Health and safety at work act
- Corporate manslaughter and homocide
- equality
- safeguarding vulnerable groups
- COSHH
- REACH
- first aid at work
- manual handling
What can be included in the PSOP?
Details of pool Potential risk Dealing with the public Systems of work Operational systems First aid supplies and training Conditions of hire to outside companies
What may the EAP include?
Overcrowding Disorderly behaviour Lack of water clarity Fire Bomb threat Lighting failure Structural failure Toxic gas emission Major injury
What is equality?
Ensuring individuals are treated fairly and equally with no one being treated less favourably
What is diversity?
Recognising and respecting people’s differences variety and individuality
Environmental policy includes
Recycling methods Lighting arrangements Pool temperature Water outlet arrangements Pollution/wate
Features of a leisure pool
Wave machine Play equipment Water jets Lazy rivers Flumes and slides Beach areas
Diving pool features
Platforms and spring boards
Moveable floors
Health club pool features
Smaller and shallower
Sauna and steam room
Spa bath
Outdoor pool and lido feature
Large
Inflatables
Fountains
What three areas should a risk assessment cover?
- premises and utilities
- task and activities
- people
Give examples of premises and utilities hazards
Depth of pool Misuse and entrapment Wet floor surfaces Glare Pool steps Hoist Movable floors Booms Waves
Who is classed as a high risk swimmer?
- weak and vulnerable
- showoffs
- armbands and botany aids
- unaccompanied children
What makes a swimmer weak or vulnerable?
Under the influence of drugs or alcohol
Disabilities
Elderly or very young
Nervous and timid
Name some task and activity hazards
Gala set up Inflatables Disabled hoist Cleaning Self appointed teacher Hyperventilating Dunking and pushing Play fighting Bombing Boisterous games
Name a programmed session
Swimming lessons
Aqua aerobics
Swimming coaching or training
Lifeguard training
Name I programmed sessions
General public swimming
Inflatable or fun time swim
Senior swimming
What is supervision
Directing an activity to take more control of the way pool users behave
What Is observation
Watching the activities without taking any action
Types of communication
Whistle
Hand signal
Verbal
Alarms
What can a responsive casualty do?
Help themselves
Give examples of responsive casualties
Weak or tired
Minor medical emergency
Can an unresponsive casualty help themselves?
No
Examples of unresponsive casualty
Panicking Non swimmer Injured swimmer Serious medical emergency Panicking looked swimmers Unconscious
What is the chain of survival?
Early recognition
Early cpr
Early defibrillator
Post resuscitation care
Primary survey
DRABC
Danger response airways breathing circulation
How far away should oxygen be placed during used of aed?
At least one meter
What is stored with an aed?
Small towel Razor Pocket mask Protective gloves Scissors Spare pads
Priorities of first aid
PAPP preserve life Alleviate suffering Prevent situation getting worse Promote recovery
Contents of a first aid box
Contents list Guidance leaflet Large sterile dressing Triangular bandage Medium sterile dressing Safety pins Eye pad sterile dressing Alcohol free cleansing wipes Adhesive tape Gloves Finger dressing Face mask Foil blanket Burn dressing Shears Confirming Bandage
What shouldn’t be in a first aid
Box?
Pills Medicine Sprays Creams Sharp scissors Cotton wool Inhalers
Types of adrenaline auto injectors
Emerade
Epipen
Jext
