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1
Q

What is the acronym for a stroke and what does it stand for?

A 
FAST
FACE- does it droop?
ARMS- can they be lifted?
SPEECH- can they talk/ understand?
TIME- to call 999
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2
Q

What is the acronym for a sprain/strain?

A 
RICE
REST the injury
ICE the site
COMFORTABLE position
ELEVATE the limb
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3
Q

What is the acronym for a primary survey?

A 
DRABC
DANGER
RESPONSE
AIRWAYS
BREATHING
CIRCULATION
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4
Q

What are the priorities of first aid?

A 
PAPP
PRESERVATION of life
ALLEVIATION of suffering
PREVENT worsening of situation 
PROMOTE recovery
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5
Q

What are the stages of the chain of survival?

A
  • early recognition
  • early cpr
  • early defibrillation
  • post resuscitation care
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6
Q

What is Hythe definition of hypothermia?

A

When the core body temperature falls below 35’C

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7
Q

What are the causes of hypothermia?

A
  • exhaustion
  • intoxication( of drugs or alcohol)
  • cold weather
  • long time in cold water
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8
Q

What are the signs of hypothermia?

A 
Shivering 
Blue lips
Pale cold skin
Stiff muscles
Slurred speech
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9
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothermia?

A

Cold
Tired
Slow pulse

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10
Q

How would you treat hypothermia?

A
  • call 999
  • slowly move to warmer place
  • remove wet clothing
  • comfortable position
  • slowly make warmer to prevent shock
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11
Q

What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?

A 
Nausea 
Loss of appetite
Headaches
Dizziness and confusion
Muscle cramp
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12
Q

What are the signs of heat exhaustion?

A

Sweating

Pale clammy skin

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13
Q

What is the treatment for heat exhaustion?

A
  • move to cool place
  • sip tea water milk or isotonic drink
  • lie down and raise legs
  • cool skin
  • becoming unconscious call 999
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14
Q

What are the signs of a seizure?

A
  • suddenly collapse and stiffen
  • blue lips
  • jerking movements
  • eyes roll back
  • loud breathing
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15
Q

Treatment for seizure in water.

A
  • Support to shallow water
  • don’t let head go under water or hit anything
  • once ended remove from pool (spinal lift)
  • call 999
  • fall into deep sleep so recovery position and monitor breathing
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16
Q

Treatment out of water.

A
  • remove objects that could hurt casualty
  • protect head and loosen clothing
  • note time and duration
  • recovery position
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17
Q

What is hyperglycaemia?

A

Too much sugar in blood Stream

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18
Q

What are the signs of hyperglycaemia?

A
  • rapid pulse

- sweet fruity breath

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperglycaemia?

A

Excessive thirst
Increased need to urinate
Drowsiness
Usually develops gradually so noticed by casualty

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20
Q

What is the treatments for hyperglycaemia?

A

999

Give sugary food / insulin

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21
Q

What is hypoglycaemia?

A

When there isn’t enough sugar in the body.

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of hypoglycaemia?

A

Feel faint
Tremble
Confusion
Aggressive

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23
Q

What are the signs of hypoglycaemia?

A

Pale and sweaty
Shallow breathing
Unconsciousness

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24
Q

What is the treatment for hypoglycaemia?

A

Isotonic drink, glucose tablet

If don’t respond to treatment call 999

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25
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms of a stroke?

A

Dropping face
Can’t raise both arms
Slurred speech
Can understand you

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26
Q

How would you treat a stroke?

A
  • Call 999
  • Lay down with head and shoulders raised.
  • reassure
  • don’t bombard with questions
  • monitor
  • if unconscious put in recovery position
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27
Q

What are the symptoms of fainting?

A

Nausea
Blurred vision
Stomach ache

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28
Q

Signs of fainting

A 
Yawn and sway
Pale
Sweaty
Cold clammy skin 
Slow weak pulse
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29
Q

What is the treatment for fainting

A

Reassure
Breath deep and slow
Lie down and raise legs

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30
Q

What are the symptoms of dislocation

A

Nausea

Pain

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31
Q

Signs of dislocation

A

Reluctant to move
Deformation
Swelling
Bruising

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32
Q

Treatment for dislocation

A 
999 for help
Comfortable position
Support limb
Don’t relocate
Don’t eat or drink
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33
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Damage to a ligament

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34
Q

What is a strain

A

Damage to a muscle

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35
Q

Symptoms of sprain or strain

A

Pain

Difficulty moving

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36
Q

Signs of Spain or strain

A

Swelling
Bruising and discolouration ( sprain)
Cramp (strain)

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37
Q

How would you treat a sprain or strain?

A 
RICE
REST
ICE
COMFORTABLE POSITION
ELEVATION
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38
Q

What are the types of fractures?

A

Open/ exposed wound
Closed / swelling and bruising
Complicated / affects blood vessels, vital organs, nerves
Green stick/ occurs in children

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39
Q

What are the symptoms of a fracture?

A

Severe pain

Hard to move area

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40
Q

Signs of a fracture

A

Cracking time and time of injury
Bleeding if open
Swelling
Deformity

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41
Q

Treatment of a fracture.

A

Move if necessary
Elevated sling = shoulder
Support sling = wrist, forearm , fingers
Cover exposed wound with sterile dressing

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42
Q

What will the signs and symptoms be like if the shock affects the heart?

A

A heart attack

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43
Q

Symptoms of electric shock

A 
Pain
Dizziness
Confusion
Disorientation
Nauseous
Thirst
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44
Q

Signs of electric shock

A 
Jolt shake or jump
Burns- entry and exit
Unconsciousness
Difficulty or no breathing 
Blue lips
Pale cold and clammy skin
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45
Q

Treatment of shock

A 
Turn of mains power supply 
Don’t touch with wet or metal
Call 999
Primary survey and CPR 
Treat burns 
Treat for shock 
Lay on back with legs raised
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46
Q

Caused of burns

A 
Dry heat ( fire)
Wet heat ( steam)
Chemical
Electrical
Sunburn
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47
Q

Three severities of burn

A

Superficial
Partial thickness
Full thickness

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48
Q

What to not put on burns

A 
Creams
Lotion 
Cotton wool 
Oils
Burst blisters 
Remove clothing stuck to burn
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49
Q

What makes a burn severe

A

All layers of skin burnt
Burnt feet face hands genitals
Burn is larger than the casualties palm
Chemical or electrical

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50
Q

What are the symptoms of burns?

A

Pain in site of burn
Shock due to large loss of fluid
Breathing difficulties if airways affected.

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51
Q

Signs of burning

A 
Blistering 
Redness
Swelling
Signs of shock
Clear fluid of affected area
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52
Q

How to treat a splinter

A

Wear gloves
Clean area around it
Use tweezers to pull out at same angle it enters
Squeeze site to bleed and reduce infection
Clean dry and dress wound

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53
Q

Causes of a nose bleed

A

Bang nose
Violent sneeze
High blood pressure
Anti clotting medication

54
Q

Treatment of nose bleed

A 
Sit down and tilt head forwards
Breath through mouth 
Apply pressure either side of bridge 10 mins at a time 
Don’t speak swallow sniff or cough 
If lasts 30 +mins call 999
55
Q

How does blood flow from a varicose vein?

A

Squirt

56
Q

How do you treat a bleed from varicose vein?

A

Direct pressure for at least 10 mins or until bleeding stops

57
Q

Definition of amputation

A

Limb has been partially or completely severed from body

58
Q

Treatment of amputation

A

Wrap in cling film plastic bag and then ice pack

59
Q

Symptoms of internal bleeding

A

Thirsty
Confused
Pain around area

60
Q

Signs of internal bleeding

A

Pale cold clammy skin
Bruising and swelling
Shock
Weak and rapid pulse

61
Q

Treatment of internal bleeding

A

999 for emergency help
Lie casualty down
Treat for shock

62
Q

Bleeding from capillaries looks like

A

Trickle

63
Q

Bleeding from vein looks like

A

Oozing

64
Q

Bleeding from artery looks like

A

Bloody will spurt leading to rapid blood loss and shock

65
Q

Symptoms of hyperventilation

A 
Dizziness
Feeling faint
Cramps and pins and needles
Tight chest
Panic
Rapid pulse
66
Q

Signs of hyperventilation

A

Fast deep breathing

Flushed skin

67
Q

Definition of hyperventilation

A

Excessive breathing often a result of a panic attack

68
Q

Treatment of hyperventilation

A 
Remove to quiet area 
Reassure calm but firm
Slow breaths through nose
Small sips of water 
999 if attack is prolonged
69
Q

Triggers of anaphylaxis

A

Foods
Medicines
Insect stings
Latex

70
Q

Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis

A 
Swollen tongue
Horse voice 
Hard swallowing 
Noisy breathing 
Wheeze and persistent cough 
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Rash
Itching
71
Q

Treatment of anaphylaxis

A 
Ask if they have adrenaline auto injector
Call 999
Sit up I’d breathing becomes hard
If faint lay down and raise legs
Second does if no better after 5-10 mins
72
Q

Definition of asthma attack

A

Spasm and narrowing of airways

73
Q

Signs of asthma attack

A

Anxiety
Difficult speaking
Pale and clammy
Blue lips

74
Q

Symptoms of asthma attack

A

Breathing difficulty

Wheezy and breathless

75
Q

Treatment of asthma attack

A 
Reassure
Sit in W position
Encourage and assist use of prescribed medication 
Use again if doesn’t ease
Remove from know cause
Don’t move into cold air
76
Q

Cause of a heart attack

A

Reduced blood flow to the heart

77
Q

Signs of a heart attack

A 
Pale grey skin
Coughing 
Blue tinge 
Sweaty skin
Breathing difficulty
Clutching chest
Sudden collapse
78
Q

Symptoms of a heart attack

A 
Dizzy
Nausea 
Chest pains
Tingling sensation
Anxiety
Feeling like indigestion
79
Q

Causes of shock

A

Low blood volume
Loss of bodily fluids
Low cardiac output

80
Q

What are the signs of shock

A 
Pale cold clammy skin
Blueness of lips
Weak rapid pulse 
Shallow breathing 
Unconsciousness
81
Q

Definition of shock

A

Failure of circulation leading to lack of blood to vital organs

82
Q

Symptoms of shock

A 
Dizziness 
Confusion
Disorientation
Nauseous 
Thirst
83
Q

Treatment of shock

A 
Lie down and raise legs
Loosen tight clothing around neck and chest
Reassure
Keep warm
Don’t give food and drink 
Call 999
84
Q

What is asphyxia

A

Body being deprived of oxygen

85
Q

What is cardiac arrest

A

Heart stopped pumping blood around body

86
Q

What is irregular heart beat

A

Ventricular fibrillation (VF)

87
Q

What causes cardiac arrest?

A

Lack of oxygen
Direct heart damage
Electric shock

88
Q

Chain of survival

A

Early recognition
Early cpr
Early defibrillation
Post resuscitation care

89
Q

How often should rescuers change when giving cpr

A

Every two mintues

90
Q

Problems with cpr

A 
Tracheostomy’s 
Regurgitation of stomach contents
Air in stomach
Broken ribs
Chest doesn’t rise
Fluid airways
Confined spaces
91
Q

What should be stored with a defibrillator?

A 
Small towel
Razor
Pocket mask
Gloves
Shears
*spare batteries  
* spare pads
* paediatric pads
92
Q

What is a sign

A

Something you see hear smell or feel

93
Q

What is a symptom

A

Something the casualty tells you

94
Q

History

A

What happened leading up to the incident and or medical bracelet

95
Q

What does CPR stand for

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

96
Q

What does AED stand for

A

Automated external defibrillator

97
Q

What does VF stand for

A

Ventricular fibrillation

98
Q

Attributes of a lifeguard

A 
Strong communicator 
Good team player
Able to lead
Anticipate problems
Observant
Quick thinker
Stay calm
Good with people
Positive attitude
99
Q

Legislation we follow:

A
  • Health and safety at work act
  • Corporate manslaughter and homocide
  • equality
  • safeguarding vulnerable groups
  • COSHH
  • REACH
  • first aid at work
  • manual handling
100
Q

What can be included in the PSOP?

A 
Details of pool
Potential risk
Dealing with the public
Systems of work
Operational systems
First aid supplies and training
Conditions of hire to outside companies
101
Q

What may the EAP include?

A 
Overcrowding
Disorderly behaviour
Lack of water clarity
Fire
Bomb threat
Lighting failure
Structural failure 
Toxic gas emission
Major injury
102
Q

What is equality?

A

Ensuring individuals are treated fairly and equally with no one being treated less favourably

103
Q

What is diversity?

A

Recognising and respecting people’s differences variety and individuality

104
Q

Environmental policy includes

A 
Recycling methods
Lighting arrangements
Pool temperature
Water outlet arrangements
Pollution/wate
105
Q

Features of a leisure pool

A 
Wave machine
Play equipment 
Water jets
Lazy rivers
Flumes and slides
Beach areas
106
Q

Diving pool features

A

Platforms and spring boards

Moveable floors

107
Q

Health club pool features

A

Smaller and shallower
Sauna and steam room
Spa bath

108
Q

Outdoor pool and lido feature

A

Large
Inflatables
Fountains

109
Q

What three areas should a risk assessment cover?

A
  • premises and utilities
  • task and activities
  • people
110
Q

Give examples of premises and utilities hazards

A 
Depth of pool
Misuse and entrapment
Wet floor surfaces
Glare
Pool steps
Hoist 
Movable floors
Booms
Waves
111
Q

Who is classed as a high risk swimmer?

A
  • weak and vulnerable
  • showoffs
  • armbands and botany aids
  • unaccompanied children
112
Q

What makes a swimmer weak or vulnerable?

A

Under the influence of drugs or alcohol
Disabilities
Elderly or very young
Nervous and timid

113
Q

Name some task and activity hazards

A 
Gala set up
Inflatables 
Disabled hoist
Cleaning
Self appointed teacher
Hyperventilating
Dunking and pushing
Play fighting
Bombing
Boisterous games
114
Q

Name a programmed session

A

Swimming lessons
Aqua aerobics
Swimming coaching or training
Lifeguard training

115
Q

Name I programmed sessions

A

General public swimming
Inflatable or fun time swim
Senior swimming

116
Q

What is supervision

A

Directing an activity to take more control of the way pool users behave

117
Q

What Is observation

A

Watching the activities without taking any action

118
Q

Types of communication

A

Whistle
Hand signal
Verbal
Alarms

119
Q

What can a responsive casualty do?

A

Help themselves

120
Q

Give examples of responsive casualties

A

Weak or tired

Minor medical emergency

121
Q

Can an unresponsive casualty help themselves?

A

No

122
Q

Examples of unresponsive casualty

A 
Panicking
Non swimmer
Injured swimmer
Serious medical emergency
Panicking looked swimmers
Unconscious
123
Q

What is the chain of survival?

A

Early recognition
Early cpr
Early defibrillator
Post resuscitation care

124
Q

Primary survey

A

DRABC

Danger response airways breathing circulation

125
Q

How far away should oxygen be placed during used of aed?

A

At least one meter

126
Q

What is stored with an aed?

A 
Small towel
Razor
Pocket mask
Protective gloves
Scissors
Spare pads
127
Q

Priorities of first aid

A 
PAPP
preserve life
Alleviate suffering
Prevent situation getting worse
Promote recovery
128
Q

Contents of a first aid box

A 
Contents list
Guidance leaflet
Large sterile dressing
Triangular bandage
Medium sterile dressing
Safety pins
Eye pad sterile dressing
Alcohol free cleansing wipes
Adhesive tape
Gloves
Finger dressing
Face mask
Foil blanket
Burn dressing
Shears
Confirming Bandage
129
Q

What shouldn’t be in a first aid

Box?

A 
Pills
Medicine 
Sprays
Creams
Sharp scissors
Cotton wool
Inhalers
130
Q

Types of adrenaline auto injectors

A

Emerade
Epipen
Jext

NPLQ (1 decks)

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