All Flashcards
Sources of work meaning include:
1) Individuation - the self as valuable,
autonomous being.
2) Contribution - extent to which one perceives that they are making a difference .
3) Self-connection - feeling of engaging with own identity.
4) Unification - harmony with others
How do values develop?
As a result of external Socio-cultural forces (become personal objectives which transform to values) and Internal psychological factors that influence the individual
What do work values represent to an individual?
The wants they want to obtain.
People’s work values relate to their career values based on their evaluation
of the desirability of different kinds of job attitudes.
Intrinsic career values - to the rewards derive from participation in the tasks themselves.
Extrinsic career values - external to work experience eg. Income / prestige.
To be satisfied at work, people have 6 needs. Name them.
1) stable or permanent employment
2) meaningful work
3) challenging or stimulating tasks
4) tasks relevant to one’s expertise
5) tasks that provide opportunities to learn new skills
6) opportunity to make a difference in the lives of others
Name the 12 Work Values
1) Advancement
2) Power
3) Status
4) Autonomy
5) Self-actualisation - 6)Competency
- 7)Leisure
8) Economic or material rewards
9) Social Values - 10) A sense of belonging
- 11) Work-family enrichment
12) Workplace spirituality
Name the 5 workforce generations.
1) The Silent Generation (1922 - 1945)
2) Baby Boomers (1946 - 1964)
3) Generation X (1965 - 1976)
4) Generation Y, Millennials, Baby Boom Echo after 1977 (also Google generation, Gen Next, Tech Generation, Digital Natives)
5) Generation 2020 (born after 1997)
Discuss the Silent Generation.
- Traditionalists
- working father, nuclear families
- work ethics
- highly disciplined and loyal
- wisdom keepers
- natural workplace leaders and mentors
- by 2020 many would have retired
Describe the Baby Boomers.
- Born 1946 - 1964
- Steadily increasingly affluent after World War II
- Education top priority
- Strong nuclear family
- Mothers homemakers - fathers breadwinners
- Have issues surrounding elder parents and adult children on other hand.
- Parent their parents ; their declining health
- Boomers face stresses, time demands and money constraints - employers should take notice.
- They make up a large segments of workforce.
- Greatest invention was of computer
- Their retirement will be profound loss of knowledge and talent.
Describe Generation X
- Born between 1965 - 1976
- Raised with more of silver spoon
- Sense of entitlement, less political interest
- often viewed as slackers due to pessimistic views on politics
- Hard core traditionalists
- Hardworking
- narrow minded in gender roles and stereotypes
- Individualistic and idealistic
- Thrive as independent thinkers
- Expecting work-life balance
- High divorce rate
- work well in multicultural settings
- next in line to be mentors for next generations
Describe the Baby Boon Echo (Generation Y or Millennials.
- Born after 1977
- Also known as Google Generation, Gen Next, Millennials and the Tech Generation.
- Digitally confident
- Easily engage on social media.
- Launch of www affected them profoundly.
- Self-confident
- High-tech is 2nd nature
- Mentorship between them and Silent Generation good match.
- Comfortable with diversity
- Expect equal pay as every day occurance
- They prefer work-life flexibility
- Value organisation that support skills development and good career prospects and is supportive, inspiring and empowering.
- Value digital speed like speed in communication
- Multitasking using technology is 2nd nature
- Hardwired to want everything faster - even career ladder-wise
Discuss Generation 2020
- Born after 1997
- will enter workplace as graduates in 2020
- Grew up in hyper-networked world
- Have heightened digital expectations
- Will want freedom to get education anywhere on planet.
- Cell keeps them constantly connected
- will want mobile access to help them organise their volunteering opportunities
- ideal phone is a multimedia device
Define the meaning of work.
The meaning is determined by factors within the individual
(one’s personal work values, preferences and work goals)
and by the job and wider environment (characteristics of the job or work itself and the organisational and socio-cultural context)
Describe the 21st century workforce.
Most companies face many generations active in the workforce simultaneously - due to increased longevity and people looking to remain on the job years after what used to be retirement age.
By 2050 4-5 generations will be working together.
To keep up with the 21st century workforce organisations’ HR mng strategies and policies will be affected.
Currently there are 5 generations (silent generation ect)
Name the 4 “New forms of careers”
1) Protean careers
2) Boundaryless careers
3) Composite and portfolio careers
4) Entrepreneurial careers
Describe Protean careers as one of the “new forms of careers”.
1) Protean taken from name of Greek god PROTEUS who could change shape at will.
2) Defines as a SELF-DIRECTED APPROACH to a career and one that is driven by one’s own values.
3) A mindset CHARACTERISED by:
- psychological success
- self direction
- being managed and reinvented by self
- series of identity changes
- continuous learning
- adaptability
- high level of self-awareness
- personal responsibility
- value freedom and growth
4) CAREER CONTRACT with the self and not as traditionally with the organisation
5) Offers 3 FORMS of flexibility:
- flexible career course
- can integrate work and family issues
- allows ability to work from home (formally or informally)
6) Encourages THINKING differently about employer- employee relationship
7) Not everybody can ADAPT to protean career. Lack of external control frightens people.
8) a MIXED APPROACH will probably emerge as more and more careerists evolve.
Describe the Boundaryless career as a New Form of Careers.
1) Similarly to Protean career concept the Boundaryless career TRANSCENDS boundaries.
2) CONTRASTED with traditional view of a career where the organisation plays hosts
3) They have SELF-OWNERSHIP of their careers managing their career autonomously between jobs, increasing their employment value.
4) Mirrors aspects of GLOBALISATION erasing boundaries between nations.
5) Multiple NETWORKS and relationships are developed.
6) Cannot be CONSTRAINED by organisational boundaries. Can move between different organisations if they have transferable skills , knowledge.
7) Boundarylessness cannot be APPLICABLE to all occupations.
5)
Describe Composite and portfolio careers.
- Holding more than one ROLE and more than one job.
- Repackaged into PROJECTS and assignments and doing several at once.
- Forced to manage own TIME and efforts.
- Building a PORTFOLIO of contracts will be the way to permanent employment.
- a COMPOSITE career is way to express one’s multiple possible selves excluded from narrow world of one job for life.
- Eg. Jackie is a dietician but also a successful painter and photographer. All her talents are used as far as possible.
- People are much better off composing their careers according to the myriad of possible selves.
Describe Entrepreneurial careers
- SELF-EMPLOYMENT requires a great willingness to take action, experiment and constantly innovate.
- The self-employed person is seen as an ENTREPRENEUR.
- Entrepreneurship is a form of human agency that is seen as a proactive and productive response NEW DEMANDS and challenges imposed by the working environment.
- Successful entrepreneurs have the following SKILLS and APTITUDES: ( 6 named in diff ?)
- They display QUALITIES AND PERSONALITY TRAITS such as: ( 11 named in diff ?)
- Their typical ATTITUDES and VALUES are:
(3 named in diff ?) - MYTH that people are born as entrepreneurs. These skills can be learned.
- Extensive PERSONAL COMMITMENT to succeed
- Increased DOWNSIZING of organisations force people into entrepreneurship.
-MEN constitute the majority of small businesses - Could offer opportunity for great wealth but also huge financial loss.
Name the successful Skills and Aptitudes of Entrepreneurs as a new form of career.
1) have developed good PERSUASIVE powers
2) good PROBLEM SOLVERS and DECISION MAKERS
3) Know how to manage their TIME, are ORGANISED and SYSTEMATIC.
4) Effective INFO handlers and resolve CONFLICT
5) Willing to take calculated and intelligent RISKS
6) Have developed effective Business MNG skills
Qualities and personality traits of entrepreneurs as new form of career:
1) need for Autonomy and Independence
2) need for Achievement
3) high INITIATIVE and self-leadership
4) FLEXIBILITY
5) CREATIVITY
6) ability to COPE with adversity and change
7) SELF-CONFIDENCE
8) commitment to their GOALS
9) optimistic mindset
10) high levels of MOTIVATION
11) a POSITIVE outlook
Typical attitudes and values of successful entrepreneurs as new career form.
1) internal LOCUS of CONTROL
2) high level of RESPONSIBILITY
3) high value on
MONEY STATUS , Creativity and Honesty
