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Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

a species that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution.

Question 2

Acid dissociation constant Ka

Answer 2

The equilibrium constant that shows the extent of dissociation of a weak acid
for a weak acid: Ka = [H+(aq)] x [A-(aq)] / [HA(aq)]

Question 3

Acid-base pairs

Answer 3

A pair of two species that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton

Question 4

Activation energy

Answer 4

the minimum energy required to start start a reaction by the braking of bonds

Question 5

actual yield

Answer 5

the amount of product obtained from a reaction

Question 6

addition polymerisation

Answer 6

formation of a very long molecular chain, by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules

Question 7

addition reaction

Answer 7

a reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to form a saturated molecule

Question 8

adsorption

Answer 8

the process that occures when or gas or liquid or solute is held to the surface of a solid. often used to speed up reactions

Question 9

alicyclic

Answer 9

containing carbon atoms joined in a ring but is not aromatic

Question 10

aliphatic

Answer 10

containing carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains

Question 11

alkali

Answer 11

a type of base that when dissolved in water forms a hydroxide ion (OH-)

Question 12

alkanes

Answer 12

general formula of Cn H2n+2

Question 13

amount of substance

Answer 13

the quantity whose unit of the mole, used as a means of counting any species such as atoms, ions and molecules

Question 14

anhydrous

Answer 14

containing no water molecules

Question 15

anion

Answer 15

a negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons

Question 16

Aromatic

Answer 16

cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more benzene ring

Question 17

atom economy

Answer 17

(sum of molar masses of the desired product)/(sum of molar masses of all products)

Question 18

Atomic number

Answer 18

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 19

Atomic orbitals

Answer 19

a region of space around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

Question 20

average bond enthalpy

Answer 20

the average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking, by homolytic fission, 1 mole of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species

Question 21

Avogadro’s constant

Answer 21

the number of atoms per mole of carbon-12 (6.02x10^23)

Question 22

base

Answer 22

a compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt

Question 23

bond angles

Answer 23

the angle between two bonds at an element. notable ones include: 
tetrahedral, 109.5
pyramidal, 107
non-linear, 104.5
trigonal planar, 120
linear, 180

Question 24

bond dissociation energy

Answer 24

the same as average bond enthalpy word for word…. but without average

Question 25

bonded pair

Answer 25

a pair of electrons shared between two atoms to make a covalent bond

Question 26

Bronsted-Lowry acid

Answer 26

a species that that is a proton, H+, donor

Question 27

Bronsted-Lowry base

Answer 27

a species that is a proton acceptor

buffer solution

Question 28

buffer solution

Answer 28

a system that minimises pH change on the addition of a small amount of acid or base

Question 29

carbocation

Answer 29

an ion that contains a positively charged carbon atom

Question 30

catalyst

Answer 30

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process; a catalyst provides an alternative route for the reaction with lower activation energy

Question 31

cation

Answer 31

a positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons

Question 32

chain reaction

Answer 32

a reaction in which the propagation steps release new radicals that continue the reaction

Question 33

cis-trans isomerism

Answer 33

a special type of E/Z isomerism in which there are two non-hydrogen groups and two hydrogen atoms around the C=C double bond: the cis isomer [Z isomer] has H atoms on each carbon on the same side. The trans isomer [E isomer] has the opposite.

Question 34

closed system

Answer 34

A system isolated from its surroundings