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1
Q

German Measles is also known as

A

Rubella

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2
Q

pain with movement of the Pinna or Tragus should make you think of what dx?

A

Otitis Externa

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3
Q

first line treatment for pertussis?

A

Erythromycin (Macrolides)

if allergy = Bactrim

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4
Q

Atypical or walking pneumonia is caused by what pathogen?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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5
Q

child with fever lasting longer than 5 days should make you think of what dx?

A

Kawasaki

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6
Q

Widely split fixed S2 that does not vary with respiration

A

Atrial septal defect

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7
Q

5 major jones criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever.

A
  1. Joints - migratory polyarthritis
  2. carditis
  3. nodules (subcutaneous)
  4. Erythema marginatum
  5. Sydenham’s chorea
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8
Q

pale and boggy nasal mucosa

A

allergic rhinitis

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9
Q

what organism is the MC cause of Otitis Media

A

strep pneumonia

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10
Q

viral exanthem that has conjunctivitis as one of its symptoms?

A

MEasles/RubEola

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11
Q

what age should child be able to roll over?

A

4 months

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12
Q

CXR finding of rib notching

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

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13
Q

child w/ Bulky greasy stool

A

Cystic fibrosis

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14
Q

Describe erythema marginatum (major jones for ARF)

A

pink rings on the trunk & inner surfaces of the limbs

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15
Q

palpable olive-shaped epigastric mass in a 1 month old

A

pyloric stenosis

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16
Q

what age should child be able to hold up their head?

A

3 months

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17
Q

what age should child begin to say momma and dadda?

A

1 year

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18
Q

medical term for cross-eyed?

A

strabismus

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19
Q

koplik spots are white clustered lesions on the buccal mucosa. what virus are they pathognomonic for?

A

Measles/Rubeola

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20
Q

an URI that includes hoarseness - is it most likely bacterial or viral?

A

viral

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21
Q

what must you have in order to diagnose rheumatic fever?

A

evidence of recent strep infection (+ titer or + culture) plus 2 major or 1 major and 2 minor jones criteria.

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22
Q

treatment for a volvulus in a child

A

barium enema

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23
Q

atypical mycobacterial disease = walking PNA

what is the first line treatment?

A

Azithromycin x5d

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24
Q

pertussis is also known as

A

whooping cough

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25
Q

15y overweight boy present to office c/o knee pain and limping.
what is most likely dx

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

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26
Q

premature infant with hyaline membrane disease will have what appearance on CXR?

A

Bilateral ground glass appearance (atelectasis)

+/- Air bronchograms

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27
Q

unilateral purulent rhinitis should make you think of what dx?

A

foreign body

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28
Q

describe Barlows test

A

adduct & internal rotate of the hips

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29
Q

what age should child be able to sit up

A

6 months

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30
Q

what age should child be able to use spoon and stack 3-4 blocks?

A

18 months

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31
Q

you think there may be a foreign body obstructing a Childs breathing - what type of CXR should you order?

A

expiratory view looking for hyperinflation due to air trapping

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32
Q

current jelly stool

A

intussusception

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33
Q

what age should child begin to feed himself

A

6 months

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34
Q

Lacey pink rash on the face of a child should make you think of what dx?

A

erythema infectiosum = 5th dz = slapped cheek

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35
Q

what is gold standard for dx cystic fibrosis

A

sweat chloride test

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36
Q

what heart valve is most associated with rheumatic fever

A

mitral

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37
Q

what age should child be able to kick ball

A

2 years

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38
Q

what is the MC congenital heart defect?

A

Ventricular septal defect

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39
Q

how would you treat a pt with RSV?

A

albuterol, steroids, fluids

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40
Q

you hear a loud harsh holosystolic murmur best heard at LLSB.

A

VSD

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41
Q

description of dew drop on a rose petal

A

chickenpox

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42
Q

foscheimer spots are associated with what dz?

A

rubella - German measles

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43
Q

what is the MC cause of URI

A

rhinovirus

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44
Q

nasal polyps should make you think of what dx

recurrent respiratory infections (pseudomonas and staph aureus); chronic sinusitis

A

cystic fibrosis

45
Q

a patient presents with a staccato cough but no fever. what dx should you be thinking?

A

chlamydia pneumoniae

46
Q

most serious complication of Kawasaki dz?

A

aortic aneurysm

47
Q

describe the pattern of weight gain in an infant at:

  • first week
  • 6 mo
  • 12 mo
  • 3 y
  • 4y
A
  • lose 10% of birth weight initially but are back to birth weight at 10 days
  • 6mo = 2x birth weight
  • 12 mo = 3x birth weight
  • 3 y = 30lb and 30 inches
  • 4 y = 40lb and 40 inches
48
Q

medical term for lazy eye

49
Q

what age should infant begin cooing

50
Q

musical vibratory murmur best heard at the apex

A

still’s murmur

51
Q

dermatitis: “wearing diapers”

A
  1. contact dermatitis
  2. miliaria
  3. candida
52
Q

dermatitis: “rash in the diaper area as well as other areas”

A
  1. atopic dermatitis

2. seborrheic dermaittis

53
Q

dermatitis: affects diaper area irrespective of diaper use

A
  1. scabies

2. bullous impetigo

54
Q

Perioral Dermatitis

A
  • MC in young women
  • lipgloss, toothpaste, +/- h/o topical corticosteroid use
  • CLASSIC SPARES VERMILLION BORDER
  • papulopustules on erythematous base +/- satellite lesions

tx:
1. Topical Abx: FLAGYL or E-MYCIN
2. PO abx = Tetracyclines

AVOID TOPICAL STEROIDS

55
Q

androgenetic alopecia

A

DHT is key androgen.

  • Minoxidil = recent onset alopecia of small area
  • PO Finasteride = 5 alpha reductase inhibitor for more extensive dz. S/E: decr libido
56
Q

erythema multiforme

A

acute, self-limiting type 4 hypersensitivity rxn

  • young adults 20-40y
  • lesions evolve over 3-5d, last 2w.

HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS and Mycoplasma**, S.pneumo

Sulfa, beta lactase, AEDs, malignancy

TARGET lesions. afebrile. no epidermal detachment.

57
Q

Purple Polygonal Planar Pruritic Papules

*Increased incidence with hepatitis C

A

lichen planus

tx: Topical corticosteroids 1st line; PO antihistamines for itching.

58
Q

Neonatal conjunctivitis “rule of 5’s”

A 
0-5d = N. gonorrheae 
5d-5w = Chlamydia trachomatis 
5w-5y = Strep or H.flu
59
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis

A

purulent discharge from affected eye.
afebrile
tx = E-mycin drops; TMP/Polymyxin B drops
if contacts = Fluoroquinolone eye drops

60
Q

anterior vs posterior epistaxis

A 
anterior = keisselbach's plexus 
posterior = palatine artery
61
Q

most effective medicine for allergic rhinitis

A

intranasal steroids

62
Q

MC pathogen of AOM

A

strep pneumo

63
Q

complication of prolonged or inadequately treated otitis media

A

mastoiditis

  • deep ear pain (worse at night), fever.
  • Dx = CT scan
  • Tx = IV abx + drainage
64
Q

MCC of conductive hearing loss (external or middle ear disorders)

A

Cerumen impaction

65
Q

oral candidiasis

A
  • Candida albicans
  • increased risk if use steroid inhalers w/out spacer, or use of abx.
  • tx = Nystatin liquid
66
Q

decreased vision, pain w/ eye movement, proptosis, eyelid erythema and edema

A

orbital cellulitis

  • MC 2/2 sinus infection (Ethmoid*)
  • IV abx - vancomycin or clinda
67
Q

MC pathogen of otitis externa

A

pseudomonas

tx - cipro/dexa (Ciprodex)
Ofloxacin= safe for TM perf

68
Q

class of abx that are ototoxic

A

aminoglycosides

69
Q

strabismus

A

malalignment of eyes - should be aligned by 2-3 months.

tx:
1. patch therapy (normal eye covered)
2. corrective surgery if severe or unresponsive to conservative tx.

70
Q

what can occur if strabismus not corrected by age 2?

A

amblyopia = decreased visual acuity not correctable by refractive means.

71
Q

CXR shows Perihilar and interstitial infiltrates

A

atypical mycobacterial disease (walking pneumonia)

72
Q

MCC of acute pancreatitis in kids

73
Q

gold standard to dx pertussis

A

PCR of nasopharyngeal swab

74
Q

Samters triad

A

asthma
nasal polyps
ASA/NSAID allergy

75
Q

common cold symptoms that progress to wheeze over 3-7 days

A

acute bronchiolitis

76
Q

Colic

A

Crying for no reason
lasts >3hr per day
occurs 3+ days/wk
in an otherwise healthy infant <3mo old.

77
Q

Painless scrotal swelling

A

Hydrocele - cystic fluid collection

78
Q

treatment for severe acne vulgaris

A

Isotretinoin (PO) - monotherapy

  • highly teratogenic
  • 2 prego test prior to start and then monthly while on it
  • commit to 2 forms of contraception x1 mo before start until 1 mo after dc meds.
79
Q

Androgenetic alopecia

A

DHT is key androgen
- vary degrees of non scarring hair loss/hair thinning.

tx:
1. Minoxidil - recent onset of smaller areas
2. Finasteride - 5a reductase inhibitor - caution: lower libido

80
Q

erythematous, ill-defined blisters/papules/plaques

  • later = dry and crust over with scaling
  • Flexor creases
  • Dermatographism
A 
ACUTE atopic dermatitis 
Tx: 
1. Topical Corticosteroids 
2. Antihistamine 
3. Wet dressings 
-- abx if 2ry infection
81
Q

sharp defined - discoid/Coin shaped lesions, esp on dorsum of hands, feet, Extensor surfaces (knees, elbow)

A

Nummular eczema

82
Q

chronic treatment for atopic dermatitis

A
  1. daily hydration and emollients

2. PO antihistamines for itch

83
Q

Burns

A

CLEAN: mild soap and water; NO ICE DIRECTLY on burn.

DEBRIDE: remove necrotic skin. *Escharotomy for circumferential burns = prevent compartment syndrome.

remove RUPTURED BLISTERS.

PAIN: Tylenol or NSAIDs - mono or with opioids

ABX:

  • superficial: aloe vs bacitracin
  • non-superficial: Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene) vs honey + modern membrane dressings
  • *Silvadene NO Go: prego; <2mo; sulfa allergy; facial burns

DRESS: only for non-superficial – Kerlix; individual wrap digits

FLUIDS: Parkland formula = LR @ 4ml/kg/BSA

  • given IV x first 24 hours
  • half in 8 hours
  • second half over remaining 16 hours
84
Q

Pediatric “Rule of 9’s” for burns

A

18% BSA on head
14% each extremity
otherwise same as adult rule of 9

85
Q

Absent red light reflex in the newborn

A
  • congenital cataracts (rubella)
  • glaucoma
  • retinoblastoma
86
Q

gray or pale yellow spots at the periphery of the iris

A

brushfield spots –> Down syndrome

87
Q

delayed stool (>24h after birth)

A

Hirschsprung disease

88
Q

abnormal urethral meatus is proximal and ventral to its normal anterior location

A

Hypospadias

  • do not circumcise
  • Bilateral renal US and refer to pets urologist
89
Q

maneuver that attempts to dislocate the hip via posterior pressure

90
Q

Orolani

A

attempts to identify the hip that is dislocated or sublimed.

91
Q

neonatal jaundice within first 24 hours of life

A
  1. ABO incompatibility
  2. RH isoimmunizaiton
  3. Hereditary spherocytosis
  4. G6PD deficiency
92
Q

neonatal jaundice that appears after 24 hours

A

physiologic jaundice

93
Q

neonatal jaundice that appears 2-3rd day of life

A

Breastfeeding jaundice

bili incr. and may persist for 6-8 weeks

supplement with formula; phototherapy if bili >15

94
Q

lead poisoning

A

universal screening at ages 1 and 2yr.

venous sample

95
Q

abrupt onset cough, stridor, choking and cyanosis.

A

upper airway FB

96
Q

intermittent cough

unilateral lower lobe wheezes

A

lower airway FB

- bronchoscopy indicated

97
Q
  • loudest at apex and LSB
  • musical quality
  • decreases with sitting, standing or Valsalva
  • increased with fevers
A

stills murmur

98
Q

Kawasaki treatment

A

IV IG and high-dose aspirin

99
Q

4 days of fever, now subsided but c/o pink macular rash

100
Q

lacy pink macular rash on torso

A

erythema infectiosum - 5th dz

101
Q

atypical pneumonia

A

legionella
mycoplasma
chlamydia

102
Q

rhinorrhea, sneezing, wheezing, low grade fever

URI prodrome progresses with signs of lower respiratory distress = nasal flaring, tachypnea, retractions

A

acute bronchiolitis

Tx = supportive (neb albuterol, IV fluids, antipyretics, humidifiers)

  • if RSV present - Ribavirin
103
Q

high retic count (>2)

A

hemolysis or RBC loss

104
Q

bite cells

A

G6PD deficiency

105
Q

target cells and basophilic stippling seen on peripheral smear

A

beta thalassemia minor

106
Q

burning, itching and erythema, dry skin

A

contact dermatitis

107
Q

papulopustules on erythematous base surrounding the mouth; satellite lesions present.

A

topical metronidazole or E-mycin
PO tetracyclines

NO topical steroids

108
Q

strawberry tongue seen in which two disorders

A 
Scarlet fever (exanthem) 
Kawasaki disease (5+ day fever)

Peds EOR (1 decks)

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