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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

what do all objects give off?

A

infrared radiation

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2
Q

what is the main source of infrared radiation?

A

the sun

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3
Q

how do dark matt surfaces when sun is shined on them

A

they absorb radiation and emit radiation.

but bad reflector

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4
Q

how do light shiny surfaces when sun is shined on them

A

they are bad at absorbing and emitters but they are good at reflecting.

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5
Q

can gasses be compressed?

A

yes

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6
Q

what do the properties of gases and liquids allow them to do?

A

flow

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7
Q

what are the volume of solid and liquid

A

fixed

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8
Q

how do you go from a solid to a liquid

A

put energy in by melting.

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9
Q

how do you go from a liquid to a gas?

A

put energy in by evaporating.

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10
Q

how do you go from a liquid to a solid?

A

freezing

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11
Q

how do you go from a gas to a liquid?

A

condensing

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12
Q

what is conduction?

A

is the process where vibrating particles pass their extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles. In a solid only.

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13
Q

how does conduction work?

A

particles collide which transfers heat energy in a form kinetic energy from one end to the other end.

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14
Q

in a metal, why does conduction happen quicker?

A

it has free electrons allowing the heat to spread quicker.

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15
Q

where does convection occur?

A

fluids only. liquid or gas

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16
Q

what is convection?

A

convection occurs when more energetic particles move from the hotter region to the cooler region, and take their heat energy with them.

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17
Q

how does convection work?

A

a fluid gets heated up which causes particles top move and the particles collide which makes them become less dense. as they become less dense they start to rise which means they are not being heated anymore resulting in them having less energy. this means they start to become more dense and fall. as they fall they go back to the begging to form a convection current. the more dense particles will become heated up again to make them less dense and rise again.

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18
Q

what does dense mean

A

how close together particles are

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19
Q

6 steps of convection

A 
1- water heats
2- hot water is less dense
3- less dense water rises
4-faster moving particles collide with slow moving particles causing them to transfer heat
5- water cools and becomes more dense
6 -denser water sinks again.
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20
Q

what is condensation

A

when a gas turns to a liquid

21
Q

how does condensation work?

A

when a gas cools the particles slow down and lose kinetic energy, which bring them closer together. if the temperature gets cold enough and the gas gets close enough together condensation can take place. water vapour in the air condenses when it comes into contact with a cold surface

22
Q

what is evaporation?

A

when a liquid turns to a gas.

23
Q

how does evaporation work?

A

particles need to have enough kinetic energy to overcome the attractive force of other particles in the liquid and to be facing out of the liquid to escape. The fastest particles escape meaning as more particles escape the average speed and kinetic energy of the particles decrease so the temperature of the liquid decrease.

24
Q

why is the cooling effect of evaporation effective?

A

as you sweat, the sweat on your skin evaporates causing your body to cool down.

25
Q

where is heat radiated from?

A

the surface of an object

26
Q

what stops energy loss from houses?

A 
cavity wall
loft insulation
draft proofing on doors
double glazing windows
jacket on hot water tank
thick curtains to stop heat escaping
27
Q

what is payback time

A

initial cost/annual annual saving

28
Q

what is a u-value

A

measures how fast heat can transfer through a material, the lower the u-value the better the insulator it is.

29
Q

what is a way for remembering types of energy

A 
GEEKS LUNCH
gravitational potential 
elastic potential
electrical
kinetic
sound
light
------------
nuclear
chemical
heat/thermal.
30
Q

what do electrical appliances transfer energy into

A

other forms of energy such as heat and sound.

31
Q

what are non-renewable energy sources

A

coal
gas
oil
nuclear (uranium and plutonium)

32
Q

what are renewable energy sources.

A 
wind
waves
tides
hydroelectric
solar
geothermal   
food
biofuels
33
Q

what happens to fossil fuels when burnt

A

they release carbon dioxide which causes climate change

34
Q

how is energy passed in a powerstation

A

Chemical-> heat-> kinetic-> electrical

35
Q

what are the two different waves?

A

transverse longitudinal

36
Q

what is a longitudinal wave

A

vibrations in the same direction as energy movement

37
Q

what is transverse wave

A

vibrations at 90 degrees as energy movement.

38
Q

what is the frequency of a wave

A

the number of waves per second.

39
Q

what are refraction waves

A

in between compression

40
Q

what are compression waves

A

start and finish of each wavelength

41
Q

two golden rules for refraction

A

1-when light moves into the block it moves towards normal

2- when light moves out it moves away from normal

42
Q

What are radio waves used for?

A

Communication

43
Q

What are microwaves used for

A

Communication and cooking

44
Q

What are infrared waves used for?

A

Communication (button on tv remote)

45
Q

What are visible waves used for?

A

Camera’s

46
Q

What are ultra violet waves used for

A

Security and protection

UV pen

47
Q

What is x-rays used for

A

Checking people’s bone in scan

48
Q

What are gamma rays used for

A

Cancer treatment

49
Q

What is doppler affect

A

How a wave changes relative to the person observing the way

Core Physics (1 decks)

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