All Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
Stages of grief
A
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
2
Q
Stress reactions
A
Acute
Delayed (PTSD)
Cumulative
3
Q
General adaptation syndrome
A
- Alarm stage
- Stage of resistance
- Exhaustion
4
Q
Diseases of concern
A
HIV/AIDS, Hep B and C, and Tuberculosis
5
Q
Preventing and dealing with stress
A
Critical incident stress management (CISM)
6
Q
Glucose is made:
A
In the mitochondria (ATP)
7
Q
Stretcher to use for obese patients
A
Bariatric
8
Q
Stretcher to use for a patient with a broken hip
A
Scoop
9
Q
Stretcher to use in rough terrain
A
Basket
10
Q
A common urgent move is:
A
Rapid extraction procedure
11
Q
Position for shock
A
Supine
12
Q
What must be present in a negligence case?
A
- EMT had a duty to act
- Standard of care not provided (breach of duty)
- Harm/damages were direct result of action or inaction by EMT
13
Q
Year DOT developed EMS standards
A
1966
14
Q
NREMT founded
A
1970
15
Q
National Emergency Medical Services Systems Act
A
1973
16
Q
Established set of standards for EMS systems
A
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
17
Q
Involuntary transportation is only ok in what cases?
A
Patient is threat to himself or others
Court ordered
18
Q
Physician orders including patient wishes for treatment for provide if they become unresponsive or unable to speak
A
Physician orders for life sustaining treatment
19
Q
3 R’s of reacting to danger
A
Reatreat
Radio
Re-evaluate
20
Q
Pathway of air
A
NOPELTBBA
Naso/oro pharynx>pharynx>epiglottis>larynx>trachea>bronchi>bronchioles>alveoli
21
Q
Where has exchange takes place
A
Alveoli
22
Q
Movement of gases to and from alveoli
Moves air in and out of body
A
Ventilation (more the actual MOVEMENT)
23
Q
Moving gases between cells and blood
Moves O2 to cells and removes CO2
A
Respiration (at cellular level)
24
Q
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax. Chest decreases and air flows out of lungs. Passive process. positive pressure pushes air out of the lungs
A
Exhalation
25
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract, chest cavity expands and air flows into lungs; negative pressure pulls air into lungs (active process )
Inhalation
26
Divides the chest from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
27
Involuntary muscle found only in heart
Cardiac
28
Muscles attached to bones that contact on command
Voluntary
29
Muscle that responds automatically to brain signals
Involuntary (smooth) muscle
30
Point where two bones meet
Joint
31
Tissue connecting bones to bones
Ligament
32
Tissue connecting bone to muscle
Tendon
33
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Artery (carries oxygenated blood)
34
Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
Vein (carries deoxygenated blood)
35
Only veins that carry oxygenated blood
Pulmonary veins (lungs to heart)
36
Only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary artery (heart to lungs)
37
Describe the path of blood flow through the heart
Deoxygenated blood comes from the body into the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava.
Contracts and pushes through tricuspid valve into right ventricle.
Passes through pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery which sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.
Re-enters through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. Contracts and pushes into the left ventricle through the mitral (bicuspid) valve.
Exits through the aortic valve, into the aorta where it then goes first to the coronary arteries and then to the rest of the body (systemic)
38
Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart
Coronary arteries
39
Peripheral pulses
Radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis
40
Pressure created when left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation
Systolic blood pressure
41
Pressure in arteries when left ventricle is filling
Diastolic
42
Pressure caused by blood exerting force against blood vessels walls
Blood pressure
43
Supply of oxygen and removal of wastes from cells and tissues of body as a result of blood flow through capillaries
Perfusion
44
Inability to adequately circulate blood to supply them with oxygen and nutrients
Hypoperfusion/shock
45
Sufficient amount of air with sufficient amount of blood
Ventilation perfusion (or V/Q) match
46
Vital organs
Brain
Lungs
Heart
Kidneys
47
Inferior part of sternum
Xiphoid process
48
Top back and sides of skull
Cranium
49
Voice box/vocal cords
Larynx
50
Lower portion of larynx
Cricoid cartilage
51
Smallest kind of artery
Arteriole
52
Smallest kind of vein
Venule
53
Thin walled microscopic blood vessels where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells takes place
Capillary
54
Transports oxygen: protects against pathogens and promotes clotting to control bleeding
Blood
55
Fluid portion of blood
Plasma
56
A pulse is formed when the _____ contracts
Left ventricle
57
Central pulses
Carotid and femoral
58
Cary messages from brain to body
Motor nerves
59
Pick up and transmit info to spinal cord and brain
Sensory nerves
60
Fight or flight is a response of the __________
Autonomic nervous system
| (Can be parasympathetic or sympathetic)-involuntary
61
"Feed or breed"
Parasympathetic
62
Synthesizes proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
63
Cellular function of converting nutrients into energy
Metabolism
64
Systems controlling levels of water in the body
Circulatory and renal
65
Levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body are controlled by the ______ and ______ systems
Respiratory and cardiovascular
66
Primary function is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells and to remove waste products from the cells
Cardiopulmonary system
67
Inhaled air contains mostly
Nitrogen-79%
68
Open and clear
Patent
69
Amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one breath
Tidal volume
70
Amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute
Minute volume (tidal volume x breaths per minute
71
Gas exchange with the blood stream at the alveoli
Alveolar ventilation
72
Active process of ventilation
Inhalation
73
Low oxygen l gels in body tissue
Hypoxia
74
Sensors that register low oxygen or high carbon dioxide
Chemoreceptors
75
Sympathetic nervous system stimulates blood vessels to ____
Constrict
76
Large plasma protein created in the liver
Albumin
77
Amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction
Stroke volume
78
Amount of blood returned to the heart prior to the contraction
Preload
79
Force of contraction
Contractility
80
How much pressure he heart has to pump against in order to force blood out of the system
Afterload
81
Low blood volume due to blood loss from severe bleeding or dehydration
Hypovolemic shock
82
Blood pressure drops because blood vessels lose their ability to maintain a normal diameter
Distributive shock
83
The heart fails in its ability to pump blood
Cardiogenic shock
84
Caused by blood being prevented from flowing
Obstructive shock
85
When the patient is developing shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion
Compensated shock
86
When compensatory measures fail. Decreases blood pressure and mental status
Decompensated shock
87
Cool pale moist skin
Diaphoresis
88
3 spaces in the body hat make up 69% water
Intracellular-79%
Intravascular-5%
Interstitial-25%
89
Pushes water out of blood vessel to cells
Hydrostatic pressure
90
Pulls water from body into bloodstream (albumin is water retaining protein)
Oncotic pressure
91
Vessels lose ability to constrict which causes uncontrolled dilation
Loss of tone
92
Pressure inside vessels heart must pump against to pump blood into the body
Systemic Vascular Resistance
93
Average stroke volume
70mL blood/min
94
Cardiac output
Stroke volume x beats per minute
