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Question 1

Casualty transporting officer role

Answer 1

Manager role
Provides early situation report SITREP
Assesses number of injuries/ types of injuries (priority cards)
Deals with immediate life threats
Directs other responders on their arrival
Hands over command of incident to ambulance commander

Question 2

Triage (red)

Answer 2

Red

• top priority
• possible life threatening injuries
• not always salvageable
• may survive with urgent treatment

CRITERIA -not breathing but open airway, RR <9 >30, cap refill above 2 seconds, HR >120

E.g resp arrest, airway obstruction , uncontrollable hemorrhage, unconscious/shock, open chest wound, burns

Question 3

Triage (yellow)

Answer 3

Second priority- they are stable, their condition can wait
Significant injuries
Continue to observe their condition , could go red

CRITERIA- RR 10-29, cap refill <2 seconds, HR<120

E.g severe burns, spinal/head injuries, minor multiple fractures, moderate bleeding

Question 4

Triage (green)

Answer 4

Third priority
Walking around wounded, minor injuries 
Hospital admission unlikely 
Possible psychological effects
May require counselling

Question 5

4 functional levels of recovery

Answer 5

Social , health and community- accomodation, financial assistance, health and medical services

Economic environment - tourism industry, small businesses, primary producers

Natural environment -air/water quality, land degradation/contamination

Built environment -buildings(cost), infrastructure( power, sewerage, water) and support infrastructure (education, housing, builders, food)

Question 6

State health emergency response plan (DISPLAN Victoria)

Answer 6

Pre hospital emergency response plan for mass casualty emergencies, providing all necessary info and coordination

Question 7

State emergency response plan (DISPLAN)

Answer 7

Managing the response to emergencies within/ with the potential to affect Victoria

Question 8

Mass casualty incident

Answer 8

Any scene that requires additional resources/units other than the initial responding unit

Question 9

Transport control officer roles

Answer 9

• Manager role
• Ensure access/ egress for incoming ambulances
• Coordinate arriving resources
• Establish a casualty holding/ loading point in consultation with CC
• Maintain casualty movement log (name, age, sex ,ambulance number, main problem, receiving hospital, load time)
• liaise with site medical officer

Question 10

ETHANE

Answer 10

E- exact location
T- type of incident
H- hazards
A- access egress
N- number of patients 
E- emergency services

Question 11

Incident controller

Answer 11

Overall responsibility of event
Appointed by the agency that has the legislative responsibility for the incident type
Response for overall direction of the response
Develop plan and team
Ensure safety
Establish media liaison
Initiate recovery actions
Monitors event and changes
Establishes a management point
Command their own resources and coordinate other agencies

Question 12

5 disaster life cycle stages

Answer 12

1. Identify - hazards in and around community
   Predict events, estimate potential outcomes
   Specific plan and support function plans
2. Mitigation- reduce disaster likelihood
   - diminishes consequences if anything happens
3. Preparedness - readiness of actual event
   - arrangements to ensure resources/ services
4. Response- deployment of resources to deal with disaster
   - assist population, - contain the disaster
   - protect resources, infrastructure, systems
5. Recovery - final stage, restore community back to normal
   - immediate/ short term assistance

Question 13

Definition of disaster

Answer 13

Large scale loss of life, disruption of community activities and destruction of property/ resources

Question 14

Casualty collecting post

Answer 14

Safe, shelter, scene proximity, transport

Question 15

Ambulance holding point

Answer 15

Access, parking, pt loading, egress, other vehicles

Question 16

When using aeromedical services

Answer 16

Clear of obstacles
Extreme care when rotor systems are turning
Approach from a direction that puts you in pilots line of site and downhill
Ground clear of rock/ grooves that may wedge the skid system
Firm enough to support aircraft
Isolated from vehicles/ peds
Landing space Daytime= 60 ft. night= 100ft

Mark landing area with objects that won’t move, red lights or beacons in a triangle or a square
Never point bright lights into landing area
Never approach unless requested

Question 17

What is terrorism

Answer 17

An action/ threat intended to advance a political ideological or religious caused by coercing/ intimidating an Australian or foreign govt/ public by causing serious harm to people/property, endangering life, creating a serious risk to the health and safety of the public, seriously disrupting trade, critical infrastructural or electronic systems

Question 18

Commonwealth govt roles in terroism

Answer 18

National security committee of cabinet- key policy and decision maker

Lead and coordinate intelligence
Lead in policy and strategy
Coordinates cyber safety

Question 19

State/territory roles in terrorism

Answer 19

Responsibility for response in their jurisdiction

Coordination of recovery activities

Question 20

Alert systems in terrorism

Answer 20

Low- not expected
Medium- could occur
High- likely
Extreme- imminent

Changes require govt ministers appraisal and NSC

Question 21

Types of entrapment

Answer 21

Light- minimal tools - breaking windows, pry bar

Medium- +/- roof/ door removal- door off, side out, roof off

Heavy- forced delays mean time to get more resources and put compromise

Question 22

Control zones

Answer 22

Cold zone- clean, safe area, defined by green mat control & triage

Warm zone- less danger, buffer, decontamination of contaminated, not safe defined by red mat

Hot zone- most direct danger, enter with protective gear

If contaminated person walks into cold zone then it becomes a warm zone
A non- contaminated person walks could carefully pass equipment from cold zone- warm zone but nothing can come out of the warm zone unless decontaminated

Question 23

Definition of hazardous material

Answer 23

Any material which without adequate safeguards may contaminate the environment and/ or threaten life/ property

Question 24

Mitigation definition

Answer 24

The cornerstone of emergency management
Focuses on ongoing decrease of the impact of an emergency/disaster
Doesn’t prevent it from occurring

Question 25

Preparedness definition

Answer 25

Functional aspects e.g response and recovery
Readiness to respond to a disaster/ emergency
Arrangements are made to ensure that resources are rapidly mobilised and deployed when needed

Question 26

PREPAREDNESS

Answer 26

PREPAREDNESS
readiness to respond to a disaster
Focuses on decreasing the impact of the emergency/disaster
E.g warning systems, test exercises, public education, training programs

PLANNING
Attempting to reduce unknowns, evoking appropriate actions
Includes transport,recovery, comms, health
State emergency response plan

RESPONSE
Actions taken during and after hazard to decrease effect
Combating and containment of situation
Provision of rescue, immediate relief and medical services
COMMAND CONTROL COORDINATION

RECOVERY
Should begin when practical
Process of assisting people and the community affected by the emergency to achieve a proper and effective level of functioning
May last several weeks
Provides assessment of impact, input of community in decision making, coordination of service provisions, comms strategy

Question 27

Disadvantages of multi-agency incidents

Answer 27

Comms problems
Prolonged time
High degree of stress and trauma 
High media interest
Involves agencies not use to responding
Geographic separate sites
Results in injury, death, major property/environment damage

Question 28

Multi agency major incidents (command, control, coordination)

Answer 28

COMMAND
Direction of members/resources
Relates to agencies
Operates vertically within an agency
Established by legislation or agreement

CONTROL
Overall direction of emerg management in a disaster
Authority is established based in legislation/ emerg plan
Responsible for tasking other agencies in accordance with the situations needs

COORDINATION
Bringing together agencies/ resources to ensure an effective emerg response
Application of resources/ systematic acquisition
Function of command/ control

Question 29

Control agency vs support agency

Answer 29

Control- assigned to control response activities, can change and it can also be dependant apon location

Support- provides essential services, support, personnel and materials. Usually are key support agency which means they have a specific skill and resource for a particular emergency, hence why they are called.