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Microbiology Test 1-8 > All > Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The Study of small organisms that require a microscope to study them

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Single celled organism, most are motile, at least one nucleus , obtain food by engulfing small microorganisms

A

Protozoa

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3
Q

Intracellular structure, may form branching filaments, cell nucleus

A

Fungi

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4
Q

Single celled microscopic organism, large complex cell, defined nucleus, photosynthesize own food

A

Algae

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5
Q

Single called organism with different shapes , no cell nucleus, lack membrane enclosed, a few form filaments

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

Single called organism, gram negative, to small to be seen with light microscope

A

Rickettsia

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7
Q

A nucleus acid core inside a protein coat, either RNA or DNA, non-living

A

Viruses

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8
Q

Infectious RNA particle , lacks a capsid ( protein coat)

A

Viroid

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9
Q

Has no nucleic acid , protein, causes BSE(mad cow disease)

A

Prions

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10
Q

Microorganisms can invade other organisms and cause disease

A

Germ theory

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11
Q

The theory that living organisms can arise from nonliving things

A

Spontaneous generation

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12
Q

One disease , one organism: required are

  1. Specific causative agent must be found in every case
  2. Culture disease organism in pure culture
  3. Sample of culture put in healthy susceptible animal
  4. Recover the disease organism from the inoculated animal
A

Koch postulates

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13
Q

Microbiologist : Koch

A

Known for anthrax

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14
Q

Microbiologist: Lister

A

First person to use aseptic techniques

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15
Q

Jenner ?

A

Known for small pox

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16
Q

Pasteur ?

A

Known for rabies

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17
Q

Fleming ?

A

Known for penicillin ( penicillum mold)

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18
Q

Chain & Florey

A

Known for purifying penicillin

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19
Q

How do microbiologist solve problems?

A

Hypothesis , prediction , variable, and conclusion

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20
Q

The science that deals with the basic properties of matter

A

Chemistry

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21
Q

The use of nutrients for energy

A

Metabolism

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22
Q

Smallest chemical unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

A

Atom

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23
Q

Matter composed of one kind of atom, example: carbons, nitrogen, oxygen, sodium

A

Element

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24
Q

Two or more atoms that chemicals combine

A

Molecule

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25
Q

Molecules made up of two or more elements

A

Compound

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26
Q

The number of protons in an atom of a particular element

A

Atomic number

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27
Q

Electrically charged atom produced when an atom gains or loses one or more electrons

A

Ion

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28
Q

Positively charged ion

A

Cation

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29
Q

Negatively charged ion

A

Anion

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30
Q

An atom of a particular element that contains of a different number of neutrons

A

Isotope

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31
Q

Interaction of electrons in atoms that form a molecule

A

Chemical bond

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32
Q

Chemical bond between atoms resulting from attraction of ions with opposite charges

A

Ionic bond

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33
Q

Bond between atoms created by sharing of electron pairs

A

Covalent bond

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34
Q

A relatively weak attraction between an H atom carrying a partial positive charge an O or N atom carrying a partial negative charge

A

Hydrogen bond

35
Q

Mix of two or more substances inwhch the molecules are evenly distributed and will not separate on standing

A

Solution

36
Q

Compound composed of C, H , O that serves as the main source of energy for living thing

A

Carbohydrate

37
Q

One of a group of complex , water insoluble compounds; example : fats , steroids, phospholipids

A

Lipid

38
Q

Saturated and unsaturated atoms

A

Fatty acid

39
Q

A polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

A

Protein

40
Q

One amino group , one acidic carbonyl group joined by a covalent bond

A

Peptide bonds

41
Q

Contributed to the 3-D structure of cells , cell parts, and membranes

A

Structural protein

42
Q

Protein catalyst ; controls the rate of chemical reaction in cell

A

Enzyme

43
Q

Organic compound consisting of nitrogen base , a five carbons sugar, and one of more phosphate group

A

Nucleotide

44
Q

One phosphate

A

AMP

45
Q

Two phosphate

A

ADP

46
Q

Three phosphate

A

ATP

47
Q

Long polymers of nucleotides that encode genetic information and direct synthesis

A

Nucleic acid

48
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

DNA

49
Q

Ribonucleic acid

A

RNA

50
Q

1st person to see individual organism

A

Anton Vee Leeuwenhoek

51
Q

Technology of making very small things visible to the human eye

A

Microscopy

52
Q

1 x 10^-9 Meter

A

Nanometer

53
Q

The length of light waves

A

Wavelength

54
Q

Ability to see two items as separate and discrete units

A

Resolution

55
Q

How much light is concentrated by the condenser lens and collected by the specimen

A

Numerical aperture

56
Q

Typical resolving power of modern microscopes

A

Low power, high power, oil immersion, and properties of light

57
Q

Light strikes an object and bounces back

A

Reflection

58
Q

Passage of light through an object

A

Transmission

59
Q

Light neither passes through or bounces of an object

A

Absorption

60
Q

Absorbed light waves are changed into longer wave lengths and reemitted

A

Luminescence

61
Q

When light waves strike an object

A

Fluorescence

62
Q

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of different density

A

Refraction

63
Q

Same refraction index of the glass microscope slide to replace the air

A

Immersion oil

64
Q

Increases differences in the indices of refraction

A

Staining ( dyeing)

65
Q

The field you are looking through is dark and the specimen is going to show up as a shadow

A

Dark field microscopy

66
Q

A condenser and objective lenses that enhance small differences

A

Phase contrast microscopy

67
Q

The ability of an organism to emit light

A

Bioluminescence

68
Q

Microscope that uses UV light to excite molecules

A

Fluorescence microscopy

69
Q

A foreign substance

A

Antigen

70
Q

A protein molecule produced by the body as an immune response to an invading antigen

A

Antibody

71
Q

Allows small structure to be visualized

A

Electron microscopy

72
Q

Uses very short wave length of illumination to see inside the electron , the very fine details

A

Transmission electron microscopy

73
Q

Used to create images of the surface of specimens; see the outside dimensions

A

Scanning electron microscope

74
Q

Allows 3-D imaging and measurement of structures; the folding and unfolding of proteins and and how much it takes to break

A

Atomic force microscope

75
Q

Molecule that can bind to cellular structure and give it color

A

Stains ( dye)

76
Q

Single due reveals basic cell shapes and cell arrangements

A

Simple stain

77
Q

Two or more dyes and distinguishes between two organisms

A

Differential stain

78
Q

Bacterial cells take up crystal violet

A

Gram stain

79
Q

4 groups of organisms

A

Gram positive
Gram negative
Gram nonreactive
Gram variable

80
Q

Gram positive

A

Cell walls retain crystal viper ( blue) have thicker cell wall

81
Q

Gram negative

A

Cell walls retain crystal violet ( red) have thinner cell wall

82
Q

Gram non reactive

A

Do not stain or stain poorly . Cell wall has wax in it

83
Q

Gram variable

A

Stain unevenly - often cultures over 48hours old

Microbiology Test 1-8 (1 decks)

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