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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

T(8:14)

A

Burkitts - cmyc:Ig. “Do you C MY Case of Burr?”

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1
Q

Drugs acting on microtubules

A 
"The MicroTubule Growth Voiding Chemicals":
Thiabendazole
Mebendazole
Taxol
Griseofulvin
Vincristine/ Vinblastine
Colchicine
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2
Q

Chiari 1 vs 2

A

One=TONsils. Only use a syringe once.

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3
Q

Target cell etiology re

A

HALT said the hunter to his target: HbC dz, asplenia, Liver dz, thalassemia

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4
Q

Lead antidote

A

PEDS eat LEAD walls: penicillamine, edta, dimercaprol, succimer

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5
Q

Cyanide antidote

A

Never Try Huffing- Nitrite , thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

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6
Q

Serotonin syndrome components and causes

A 
Causes TOTAL HARM:
Tramadol
Ondansetron
Triptans
Antidepressants
Linezolod

Hyperthermia
Autonomic instability (delirium)
Rigidity
Myoclonus

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7
Q

Small cell paraneoplastic conditions

A

Small Cell Lung cancer Sucks- SIADH, Cushings, Lambert Eatin, Subacute cerebellar degeneration

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8
Q

NRTIs

A

(nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mnemonic

LEADS To Z

Lamivudine
Emtricitabine
Abacavir
Didanosine

Tenofovir

Zidovudine

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9
Q

NNRTIs

A

NEeD- nevirapine, efavirenz, delavirdine

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10
Q

Which NRTI used during pregnancy

A

When you have a Zid use Zidovudine

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11
Q

Integrase inhibitors

A

Integrate- raltegravir, Elvitegravir

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12
Q

Bipolar treatment

A

CALm LoVE- Carbamazepine, atypical antidepressants, Lithium, Lamotrigine, Valproate

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13
Q

Lithium side effects

A 
LMNOP- 
Lithium sode effects
Movement tremor
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
HypOthyroid
pregnancy problems
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14
Q

tPA antidote

A

Tranexamic acid
Plasminogen inhibitors
Aminocaproic acid

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15
Q

Myotonic dystrophy

A 
Dystal weakness
Severe
Testicular atrophy
Reduced type 1 fibers
Optic cataracts
Protein kinase 
Hair loss
IQ low
Arrythmia,AD
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16
Q

Guillain barre

A 
Ascending/autoimmune
Bilateral
Cytoalbumin dissociation
Demyelination
Endoneural inflammation
Flaccid paralysis
Guillain barre
Hyporeflexia
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17
Q

Prinzmetal

A

ST Elevation
Spasm-coronary
Tired/transient

Ergonovine diagnosis

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18
Q

Hemoglobin elecyrophoresis

A

“ASC before you GLU VALs LYpS”
HbA- glu
HbS- VAL
HbC-LYS

In order from most negative to least negative

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19
Q

Abd aortic aneurysm vs thoracic

A

AAA: atherosclerosis
TAA:hyperTension

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20
Q

Toxoplasmosis congenit

A

Three C’s: Chorioretinitis, cerebral calcifications, hydroCephalus

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21
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

My Cats Eat Mice

Mono like illness
Chorioretinitis
Encephalitis
Mocarditis

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22
Q

Chagas dz

A

1) Trypansoma Cruzi - Chagas disease symptoms and cause:

“Tom Cruise is a huge ass (megacolon), who is pretty hard to swallow (megaesophagus), but he has a big heart (dilated cardiomyopathy) and he knows how to kiss red lips” (transmitted by Reduvid bug, aka kissing bug).

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23
Q

Cryptococcus transmission

A

Pigeon droppings- cryptococcus looks like a bird dropping

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24
Q

Lateral pontine syndrome

A

Facial droop means the AICAs pooped.

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25
Q

Plummer vinson syndrome

A

The Plumber Vincent’s wife has a sore red tongue (glossitis) and dysphagia (webs) from trying to swallow his big iron pipe

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26
Q

Urease positive bugs

A 
CHuck norris hates PUNKSS
Crytpococcus
H Pylori
Proteus
Ureaadma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
Staph Epidermidis
Staph Saprophyticus
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27
Q

Causes of gastric acid release

A

High Gastric Acid

Histamine H2
Gastrin
Ach M3

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28
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

Adam is a FAT RN

ADAMTS13 deficiency

F- fever
A- hemolytic anemia (schistocytes on smear)
T- thrombocytopenia
R- renal failure
N- neuro dysfunction (confusion, stupor, altered mental status)

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29
Q

Bosentan

A

ENdothelin ANtagonist

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30
Q

Foscarnet

A

FOScarnet: pyroFOSphate analog (chelates ca)

CMV retinitis: C My Very Fastcar

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31
Q

Propionyl CoA derivatives

A

Put the PROP on the BOTM

Bcaas
Odd chain FAs
Threonine
Methionine

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32
Q

Long QT syndromes

A

Romano Ward:
Romance a QT with your Heart
WarD: AD

Jervell and Lange Nielson:
JeRvell: AR
LONG QT and No Sound

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33
Q

Abetalipoproteinemia

A

AR
AR, ataxia, acanthocytosis
Retinitis pigmentosa, retardation, rbc shape

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34
Q

Measles prodrome

A 
CCCK
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Koplik Spots
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35
Q

Drugs causing hypothyroidism

A 
LASH
Lithium
Amiodarone
Sulfonamides
Hypothyroid
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36
Q

Wilson disease

A

Copper is Hella BAD

Ceruloplasmin decreased, Cirrhosis, Corneal deposits (kayser fleischer rings), Copper accumulation, Carcinoma (HCC)

Hemolytic anemia
Basal ganglia degeneration
Asterixis
Dementia, Dyskinesia, Dysarthria

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37
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Can Cause Deposits And Hemosiderosis

Cirrhosis
CHF
Diabetes
Atrophy of testicles
Hemosiderin
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38
Q

Thiopental

A 
FIRST LP
fat
Induction
Rapid
Skeletal muscle
Thiopental
Lipid soluble
Potent
39
Q

Lyme dz

A

FAKE a Key LYME pie

Facial nerve palsy
Arthritis
Kardiac block
Erythema migrans

40
Q

Organisms not covered by cephalorpsorins

A

LAME

Listeria
Atypicals
Mrsa
Enterococci

41
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

You drive CARS with your palms and soles

Coxsackie A
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Syphilis (2)

42
Q

Rickettsial dz

A

Rickettsii (RMSF) on wRists

Typhus on Trunk

43
Q

Dantrolene

A

TROLLs make you Hot and Psychotic

Treatment for :
Malignant hyperthermia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

44
Q

Baclofen

A

GABAclofen- inhibits GABA at spinal cord

BACKlofen- relaxes your back

45
Q

Schizo disorders

A

SchizoiD: Distant (social withdrawal)
SchizoTypal: magical Thinking
Schizophreniform: a form of schizophrenia obly lasting 1-6 mos

Schizophrenia: delusions, flat affect, etc
SchizoAffective: bipolar or depressed affect plus psychosis

46
Q

TGF B

A

To Grow Fibrosis

Fibrosis and angiogenesis

47
Q

Craniopharyngioma

A

C: children, calcifications, cysys

R: Rathkes pouch derivative

48
Q

Fomepizole

A

Fo Methanol

Antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning

49
Q

Sarcoidosis

A 
SARCOID
Schaumann bodoes
ACE elevated
Respiratory hilar adenopathy and fibrosis
Ca elevated
Ocular lesions
Interstitial fibrosis
Diabetes insipidus
50
Q

CREST syndrome

A 
Calcinosis and antiCentromere antibodies
Raynaud phenomenon
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
51
Q

Apolipoproteins functions

A

Apo E mEdiates rEmnant uptake
Apo C-II is a lipoprotein Cofactor
Apo B 48 mediates chylomicron secretion (48 is micro)
Apo B 100 binds LDL receptor

Both triglyceride transporters contain ApoB

52
Q

Caspofungin

A

No FUN IN a GLUed Wall

Inhibits synthesis of B glucan in cell wall

53
Q

Terbinafine

A

SQUATER

Squalene epoxidase inhibitor

54
Q

Drugs causing aplastic anemia

A

Cant Make New Blood Cells Properly

Carbamazepine
Methimazole
Nsaids
Benzene
Chloramphenicol
Propylthiouracil
55
Q

Drugs causing agranulocytosis

A

Drugs CCCrush Myeloblasts and Promyelocytes

Dapsone
Clozapine
Carbamazepine
Colchicine
Methimazole
Propylthiouracil
56
Q

Drugs causing hyperkalemia

A 
KATS BANG
K sparing diuretics
ACEI
tMP SMX
Beta blockers
ARBs
NSAIDs
Glycosides
57
Q

Muscarinic antagonists

A

Inhibits Parasympathetic and Sweat

Ipratropium
Pirenzipime
Atropine
Scopolamine

58
Q

Von Hippel Lindau

A

HHIPPEL

Hemangioblastoma
HIF expression
Increased Renal cell carcinoma
Pheochromocytoma
Port wine stain
Eye dysfunction
Liver, pancreas kidney cysts
59
Q

Neurofibromatosis 1

A

CAFE SPOTS

Cafe au lait spots
Axillary inguinal freckles
Fibromas
Eye lisch nodules
Skeletal bowing
Pheochromocytoma
Optic tumor- gliomas
60
Q

Sturge weber

A

STURGE

Sporadic/ port wine stain
Tram track Ca/ Trigeminal
Unilateral
Retardation
Gluacoma
Epilepsy
61
Q

Tuberous Sclerosis

A

HAMARTOMAS

Hamartoma in CNS
Angiofibromas
Mitral regurg
Ash lead spots
Rhabdomyoma
Tuberous sclerosis
Autosomal dOminant
Mental retardation
Angiomyolipima renal
Seizures
62
Q

Osler weber rendu

A

TEACH

Telangiectasias
Epistaxis
AV malformations
Cerebral abscess
Hemorrhages
63
Q

Wiskott aldrich syndrome

A

WATEr

Wiskott
Aldrich
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Eczema
Recurrent infections
64
Q

Lesch Nyhan

A

HGPRT

Hyperuricemia
Gout
Pissed off
Retardation
DysTonia
65
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

PTU blocks Peripheral conversion. Used in Pregnancy

66
Q

Bones ofwrist

A

So Long to Pink Here Comes The Thumb

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
67
Q

PAS stain

A

Dont TRYP PAS me the WHIP

PAS positive: alpha 1 antiTRYPsin deficiency and WHIPPles dz

68
Q

Enzymes in the mitochondria only

A

BOAT as in the mitochondria looks like a boat

Beta oxidation of fatty ocids
Oxidative phosphorylation
Acetyl CoA production
TCA cycle

69
Q

Enzymes in mitochondria and cytoplasm

A

HUGs take two(both)

Heme synthesis
Urea cycle
Gluconeogenesis

70
Q

Amino acid losing diseases

A

Im a FAN of all aa but i HART neutral aa

Fanconi syndrome. Loss of all aa
Hartnup disease. Loss of neutral aa (tryp)

71
Q

Drugs causing disulfiram reaction

A

Scotch and Corona Make me Gag and Puke

Sulfonylureas
Cephalosporins
Metronidazole
Griseofulvin
Procarbazine
72
Q

Drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis

A

Breathing Air Badly from Medications

Bleomycin
Amiodarone
Busulfan
Methotrexate

73
Q

Buproprion

A

SOS (indications) ABUSE (contraindications)

Smoking
Obesity
Sexual side effects from other drugs

Anorexia
BUlemia
SEizures

74
Q

Drugs causing seizures

A

With seizures I BITE My tongue

INH

Bupropion
Imipenem
Tramadol
Enflurane

Metoclopramide

75
Q

Metoclopramide

A

DANMET- dopamine antagonist metoclopramide

Motility
Emesis
Tone
dOpamine antagonist

76
Q

Drug metabolism in elderly

A

Old people have GAS

They retain phase 2 conjugation (glucuronidation, acetylation, sulfation) and lose phase 1 (cyp 450)

77
Q

Fenoldopam

A

Old PAM is A DR

Antihypertensive

Dopamine D1 agonist
Renal vasodilation

78
Q

Valproic acid uses

A

Crap Seizures Make me Bite my Tongue

Complex
Simple
Absence
Myoclonic
Bipolar disprder
Tonic clonic
79
Q

Valproic acid side effects

A

VALPRoaTe

Vomiting 
Alopecia
Liver toxicity
Pregnancy contraindication
Retain fat
Tremor
80
Q

Carbamazepine uses

A

CBZ

CN V neuralgia
Bipolar
Zeisures

81
Q

Carbamazepine side effects

A

A PLASTIC LIVER SITS in my CAR

aplastic anemia
Liver tox
SIADH
Carbamazepine

82
Q

Phenytoin side effects

A

Steven HIRed a PHONY GINGer TERrorist to ATAck NY eNEMies

Stevens johnson syndrome
Hirsutism
Phenytoin
Gingival hyperplasia
Teratogen
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Anemia megaloblastic
83
Q

Beurgers dz

A

Burger SCRAPS

Segmental thrombosing
Claudication
Raynauds
Associated woth smoking
Pain
Superficial nodular phlebitis
84
Q

Churg Strauss

A

CHange the PPAGE

CHurg Strauss

Palpable purpura
P ANCA
Asthma
Granulomas
Eosinophilia
85
Q

Henoch schonlein purpura

A

PAPAH

Purpura
Abd pain
Arthralgias
Hematuria

86
Q

Thyroid papillary carcinoma pathology

A

Orphan Annies moma and Papa left so now she sleeps on ground glass

Orphan annie nuclei
PsaMOMA bodies
Papillary
Ground glass nucleus due to dispersed chromatin

87
Q

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

A

Medam: medullary, amyloid stroma

Med Men RETired: medullary, MEN 2, RET mutations

88
Q

Function of MYC

A

Read the SCRIPT with the MYC

Trxn activators

89
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

Wear a SHAWL when you GET ON the HELIcopter and say Hi to the MECHANIC

shawl and face rash
Gottron papules
Heliotrope rash around mouth
Mechanics hands

90
Q

Renal immune complex deposition

A

1 Male Performer Does Props on Bottom
2 Male performers in middle
Male Acrobat Performs Splits on Top

Subendothelial: type 1 MPGN, DPGN
Intramembranous: type 2 MPGN
Subepithelial: MGN, APSGN

91
Q

Types of stomach cancer

A

Diffuse: Dont DIFFUSE the situation by giving her a RING. Her stomach will get THICK and LEATHERY. - signet rings cells, stomach wall is gross and leatheru, diffuse

Intestinal: think H pylori- ulcerated

92
Q

Lichen Planus

A

6 P’s

Pruritic
Purple
Polygonal planar papules
Plaques

On wrost hands and trunk

93
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Targets HSV

Target lesions in HsV

94
Q

Interferon alpha and beta

A

Interfere with viruses

Prime local cells for viral infection by increasing RNAase L and protein kinase resulting in apoptosis of infected cells

95
Q

Neuromuscular blocking agents

A

Suc Deep No Cur

Succinylcholine is depolarizing
Atracurium is nondepolarizing

96
Q

Chediak higashi syndrome

A

CHINA

Chediak
Higashi
Infections- defective phagosome lysosome fusion
Neuropathy - nystagmus and peripheral
Albinism- abnl melanin storage

Usmle Mnemonics (1 decks)

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