All Flashcards
Infectious endocarditis treatment
Native: vanco+gentamicin+ceftriaxone
Prosthetic: vanco+gentamicin+rifampin
Koplik spots
Conjunctivitis
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Measles
Bacterial endocarditis
Native valve: mitral, streptococcus
Prosthetic valve: S. Epidermidis
GI malignant: S. Bovis
Erythema multiforme MCC
HSV
Adrenal insufficiency
Hyponatremia Hyperkalemia Fatigue Abd cramps, dizzy, weak Hyper pigmentation Metabolic acidosis
Status epilepticus
BENZOS>PHENYTOIN>PHENOBARB
Systolic murmurs
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis
M/T regurgitate
VSD
Diastolic murmurs
ARMS
Aortic Regurgitation MCC!!
M/T Stenosis
Also…pulmonic regurgitation
Only true continuous murmur that occurs both systole and diastole
PDA
Erythema multiforme medications
Sulfonamides PCN Barbiturates Phenytoin NSAIDS Oral hypoglycemic meds
Ejection click
Systolic
Aortic stenosis
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
Mid systolic click
Mitral valve prolapse
Tremor Insomnia N/V Hallucinations Agitated Anxiety Seizure
Alcohol withdrawal
Treat with:
BENZOS
Or Barbiturates
Philadelphia chromosome 50-55 Increased WBCs and leuk Anemia Splenomegaly Fatigue Weight loss
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Treat with HSCT and Imatinib
Rose thorn infection
Red ulcers that skip
Lymphocutaneous spread
Sporotrichosis
Chronic stable angina management
Statin
Anti hypertension meds-BB Preferred
Antiplatelet -ASA
Nitrates
What electrolyte abnormality can cause ileus?
Hypokalemia
Treatment for intracranial abscesses
Ceftriaxone+ metro
Sore throat Fever Muffled voice Leans forward Thumbprint sign on X-ray
Epiglottitis
Synovial fluid analysis:
Inflammation
Opaque Yellow WBC 3,000-50,000 PMNs: 50% Low glucose High LDH
Synovial fluid
INFECTION!
Opaque Yellow WBC > 50,000 PMNs >75% Very low glucose High LDH
What type of crystals are present in gout?
Uric acid
Needle shaped
Negative birefringence
What type of crystals are present in pseudogout?
Calcium pyrophosphate
Prism shaped
POSITIVE birefringence
What labs, signs, symptoms in RA?
Positive RF and CCP Symmetrical joints PIP/MCPs Ulnar deviation Boutonnière def. Swan neck deformities
Medication used in RA folate antagonist Side effects: Interstitial pneumonitis Gastritis Stomatitis
Methotrexate
Third line medications for RA
Etanercept- Embrel
Infliximabe- Remicade
Side effects leukopenia and reactivate TB!!!
What labs are positive in SLE?
ANA ANTI NATIVE DNA -60% Some: Anti-sm Anti-ssa/ssb Anticardiolipin Anti phospholipid False positive VDRL
Medications used to treat SLE
Hydroxychloroquine-plaquenil
What drugs can induce positive ANA?
Procainamide
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Labs positive in Sjogrens?
ANA
RF
ANTI SSA/B
What does CREST syndrome stand for?
Calcinosis Raynauds Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangectasias
What is the triad of Reiters syndrome?
Urethritis
Conjunctivitis/ Uveitis
Arthritis- knee/ankle, asymmetric
Positive HLA B 27
Follows infection G.I. or chlamydia
What are the characteristics of temporal arteritis?
Over 60 years old
Female more than make
Jaw claudication, fever, scalp tenderness, headache
In one half of patients, PMR exists
What are labs done in temporal arteritis?
ESR is usually over 100
Do temporal artery biopsy.
Treat with prednisone 60 to 120 mg daily
What are the symptoms of Wegener’s granulomatosis?
Necrotizing vasculitis Triad of: Upper respiratory symptoms Lower respiratory symptoms Focal segmental glomerular nephritis
What are the symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica?
Over 50 years old, pain and stiffness of shoulder and pelvic girdle,
Fever malaise and weight loss
Associated with giant cell or temporal arteritis
Have high ESR
What rash and symptoms is associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis?
Heliotrope rash on EYELIDS Gottrons papules on HANDS Proximal muscle weakness Elevated CK/ANA/myoglobin Increased Risk of colorectal cancer
How many sites of muscular pain are indicated in fibromyalgia
11 of 18 sites
What are symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa?
Vasculitis of small to medium vessels, younger males, Proximal myalgia and weakness Arthralgias Palpable nodules Fever, weight loss, night sweats,
What pathogens commonly cause otitis externa?
Pseudomonas
Enterobacter
Proteus
Staph aureus
What is the fun saying for Hypercalcemia?
Stones, bones, abdominal groans, psychic moans and fatigued overtones
What deficiency is commonly present in alcoholics?
Folic acid deficiency
Patients typically present with megaloblastic anemia. Give them 1 mg of folic every day
What murmur is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ?
Harsh left sternal border systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur that worsens with Valsalva maneuver
What is treatment for PID?
OP:
CEFTRIAXONE+DOXY+METRO
IP:
CEFOXITIN OR CEFOTETAN + DOXY
or CLINDA + GENT
Definition of menopause
12 months amenorrhea
FSH OVER 40
PCOS FINDINGS
Normal estradiol
LH/FSH 3:1
Free testosterone over 50
Insulin resistance
What Meds can cause galactorrhea?
Psychotropics
Cimetidine
TCAs
OCPs and DEPO
What leads check for axis?
I AND AVF
Lead I positive
Lead AVF negative
Left axis deviation
Lead I negative
Lead AVF positive
Right axis deviation
What is normal Tono pen pressure
10 - 21.5 mm Hg
Sudden onset painless vision less Atrial fib Carotid disease Temporal arteritis CHERRY SPOT ON MACULA
Central retinal artery occlusion
Blurry vision upon weakening Worsens over hours Diabetics Diffuse hemorrhage Cotton wool spots
Central retinal vein occlusion
What are physical findings in acute angle closure glaucoma?
Sudden eye pain Blurriness Fixed dilated pupil Cloudy cornea IOP over 49
When do you usually hear an S3 gallop and where is it heard best?
CHF and volume overload
Heard best in left lateral decubitus
When and where do you hear an S4 gallop?
Pressure overload
Heard best in left lateral decubitus
What murmur is heard in a young child/adult, has fixed split, at LL sternal border?
ASD
What murmur is loud and associated with a thrill?
Grade 4 out of 6
What murmurs increase with the Valsalva or abrupt standing?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral valve prolapse
What are three causes of aortic disease in adults?
- Calcific disease
- Bicuspid valve
- Rheumatic disease- less developed countries
What factors are associated with aortic stenosis?
Diabetes, metabolic syndrome genetics hyperlipidemia, smoking and end-stage renal disease
What classic physical findings are present in aortic stenosis?
SAD- syncope, angina, dyspnea
What physical findings are present in aortic stenosis?
Congestive heart failure or in late findings
Pulsus parvus and tardus- small, weak slow rising pulse
Systolic ejection murmur
What are physical findings in aortic regurgitation?
WATER HAMMER aka Corrigan pulse = wide pulse pressure
Exaggerated by raising arm
Diastolic murmur LLSB