ALl

Question 1

ACh (Acetylcholene)

Answer 1

Found in CNS, PNS
parasympathetic responses
transmit neurotransmitters to muscles
In CNS, linked to Alzheimers (loss of ACh in hippocampus

Question 2

Epinephrine

Answer 2

Adrenaline. Increased in Sympathetic Response

Question 3

Norepinephrine

Answer 3

Noradrenaline.
Alertness and Wakefulness
Too little –> Depression
Too Much –> Mania

Question 4

Dopamine

Answer 4

Movement and posture
Found in the Basal Ganglia
Imbalance –> Schizophrenia (too much o r over sensitivity)
Parkinsonson’s –> Loss of Dopamine
L-Dopa, used in P diseases, leads to increase of dopamine in brain

Question 5

Serotonin

Answer 5

Mood Regulation, Eating, Sleeping, Arousal
Too Little –> Depression
Too Much–> Mania
SSRIs

Question 6

GABA

Answer 6

Inhibitory neurotransmitter
Mood stabilizer
Causes hyperpolarization in post-synaptic membrane

Question 7

Endorphin

Answer 7

Natural Painkiller

Question 8

Hindbrain

Answer 8

balance, motorcoordination, breathing, digestion, and general arousal

• Medulla Oblongata
• Pons
• Cerebellum
• Reticular Formation

Question 9

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 9

Regulates vital functions, breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure

Question 10

Pons

Answer 10

contains sensory motor tracts

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

maintains, posture, balance and coordinates movements (alcohol impairs cerebellum)

Question 12

reticular formation

Answer 12

arousal, alertness, attention (AAA)

anesthetics cause unconsciousness by depressing the reticular formation

Question 13

Midbrain

Answer 13

Above Hindbrain
Sensorimotor refelexes, receives sensory and motor info –> involuntary responses triggered by sensory information
-superior colliculus
-inferior colliculus

Question 14

Superior Colliculus

Answer 14

receives sensory visual input

Question 15

Inferior Colliculus

Answer 15

receives sensory info from auditory system

Question 16

Forebrain

Answer 16

Above Midbrain
Complex perceptual, cognition and behavioral processes. Emotion/Memory associations with intellectual and emotional capacities of humans
-thalamus
-Basal Ganglia

Question 17

Thalamus

Answer 17

relay station for sensory information. Sorts sensory information and sends to appropriate area of cortex (subdivision, LGN)

Question 18

Limbic System

Answer 18

emotion/memory

• septum
• Amygdala
• hippocampus

Question 19

Septum

Answer 19

part of limbic system
pleasure center
Discovered by Olds and Milner
Damage leads to septal rage

Question 20

Amygdala

Answer 20

defensive/aggressive behaviors

fear

Question 21

Hippocampus

Answer 21

Learning, Memory

HM Case Study

Question 22

Hypothalamus

Answer 22

4 F's : Feeding, Flight, Fight, Sexual Functions 
homeostatic functions
emotional experiences, 
aggressive behavior and sexual behavior
Endocrine Functions
Regulates metabolism,temperature & H20
(isomoregulation, maintenance of H20 in hypothalamus)
Drive behaviors

Question 23

Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)

Answer 23

Hunger center
tells when to begin to eat/drink
Aphagia(refuse to eat)

Question 24

Ventrimedial Hypothalamus (VMH)

Answer 24

Satiety Center. Enough to eat

Hyperphagia

Question 25

Anterior Hypothalamys (AH)

Answer 25

increase in sexual behavior

Question 26

Frontal lobes

Answer 26

2 basic regions: prefrontal cortex & motor cortex

Broca’s area

Question 27

prefrontal cortex

Answer 27

supervises/directs other brain regions
supervises processes with perception, memory, emotion, impulse control and long-term planning
EG: memory reminds you that you have someting in STM
Communicates with reticular formation to manage AAA

Question 28

Motor Cortex

Answer 28

initiates voluntary muscle movement

neurons are arranged in according to body parts

Question 29

Parietal Lobe

Answer 29

contains somatosensory cortex (projection area)
incoming sensory info: touch, pressure, temperature, pain
central regions: spatial processing & manipulation
used when orient self in space, map readin

Question 30

Occipital Lobe

Answer 30

Contains visual cortex (striate cortex)
visual processing
learning/motor control

Question 31

Temporal Lobe

Answer 31

(auditory cortex, wernike’s area)
W’s area- language reception/comprehension. area to understand language
memory processing, emotional control and language