All Flashcards by Argentina Carne Norte

Which of the following fecal elements are reported as few, moderate or many?

a. Fat globules
b. Vegetable cells
c. RBC
d. Starch granules

a. Fat globules

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According to the WHO standard reporting, what will be the interpretation when there are 3-5 ova or cysts seen in the entire smear?

a. Occasional
b. Few
c. Moderate
d. Many

b. Few

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Whose signature must appear below the result form?

a. Medical technologist
b. Chief Medical technologist
c. Resident physician
d. Performing Medical technologist

d. Performing Medical technologist

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Which of the following can be considered as the Post
analytical stage of Routine stool analysis?

a. Correct specimen labelling
b. Passing of QC
c. Validation of test results
d. Correct choices of reagents

c. Validation of test results

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Which of the following is done first during routing stool analysis?

a. Preparation of DFS
b. Checking of specimen labels
c. Validation of test results
d. Macroscopic examination

b. Checking of specimen labels

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Trichuris ova seen: 8-12 per low power field, what does the first number signify?

a. Lowest number of ova/lpf counted in the entire smear
b. Highest number of ova/lpf counted in the entire smear
c. Average number (utod sa pic)
d. Difference of (utod sa pic)

a. Lowest number of ova/lpf counted in the entire smear

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When Trichomonas Vaginalis is seen during a routine stool analysis, what will the Medical Technologists assume?

a. Stool specimen is from a female patient
b. Stool specimen has Ascaris
c. Stool specimen is contaminated with urine
d. Normal recalls is findings

c. Stool specimen is contaminated with urine

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When an inpatient stool specimen is subjected for rejection, what must Medical Technologist on duty do first?

a. Inform patient or patient’s guardian
b. Inform Chief Medical Technologist
c. Notify nurse station or attending physician before
rejection
d. Notify pathologists

c. Notify nurse station or attending physician before
rejection

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Three protozoan trophozoites were the highest count per high popper field observed by the Medical Technologist in the entire smear. Morphologically it has centrally located karyosome, progressive motility and finger-like pseudopodia with no inclusion bodies noted how would Medical technologist release the result?

a. Occasional, Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite
b. Occasional, Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar
trophozoite
c. Few, Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite
d. Few, Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar
trophozoite

d. Few, Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar
trophozoite

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A stool sample was submitted at 10 AM in the morning at around 10:20 AM it was processed by the Med. Tech in the Parasitology section.

Consistency is mucous and the color was yellowish green. NSS and Lugol’s Iodine wet mount was done. On the entirety of the smear the following were noted:

RBCs: 0-3/hpf
Pus cells 0-2/hpf
Helminth ova: None
Protozoan cyst and trophozoite: None
Yeast cells: Few
Bacteria: Moderate

Was there any mistake the Medical Technologist has made?
How should he/she release the result of the fecalysis?

a. Yes, Repeat collection of the specimen if suspected for
amoebiasis
b. Yes, Repeat collection and Examine within preferred time frame
c. No, Release result as Negative for Intestinal Parasites and note the presence of bacteria as moderate
d. No, Release result as Negative for Intestinal Parasites and note the presence of Yeast cells as few

d. No, Release result as Negative for Intestinal Parasites and note the presence of Yeast cells as few

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Which among the following is the most preferred container for stool specimens?

a. A waxed cardboard box with lid
b. An empty tin with lid
c. A light plastic box
d. A medium size plastic ware with cover

d. A medium size plastic ware with cover

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What is the recommended fixative to specimen ratio to ensure complete preservation of fecal samples?

a. 3 volumes of fixative: 1 volume of feces
b. 3 volumes of feces: 1 volume of fixative
c. 1 volume of fixative: 2 volumes of feces
d. 2 volumes of feces: 1 volume of fixative

a. 3 volumes of fixative: 1 volume of feces

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If a fecal sample is considered as radioactive wastes, into what color of biohazard container should it be disposed?

a. Orange
b. Red
c. Yellow
d. yellow with black band

a. Orange

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What component of the SAF allows its long shelf life?
a. Sodium acetate-Acetic acid
b. Sodium Acetate
c. Formalin
d. thimerosal

d. thimerosal

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What component of the MIF acts as a temporary stain?

a. Sodium acetate-Acetic acid
b. Sodium Acetate
c. Formalin
d. thimerosal

d. thimerosal

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Which of The following preservatives Will NOT preserve helminth egg, PROTOZOANS cysts and trophozoites indefinitely and permit specimens to be stationed permanently?

a. PVA
b. 10% Formalin
c. Shauddinn’ s fluid
d. Sodium acetate formalin

a. PVA

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Which of the following is/are correct when storing the stool specimens?

I. Freeze stool specimen if examination Can’t be
performed immediate Oh.
II. Refrigeration at 3-5°C
III. Place in an area with direct sunlight to slow down
bacteria growing
IV. Store in an are FREE form The heat/sunlight

a. II and IV
b. I only
c. II only
d. I and II

a. II and IV

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Which of the following conditions will the stool specimen be rejected for processing?

I. A watery stool collected at 5:00 AM and submitted for analysis by 6:15
II. Stool specimen collected 3 days after barium intake
III. Specimen is collected in a clean wide mouth container but diagnosis is not indicated
IV. There is a small amount of urine inside container

a. I, II, IV
b. I, III, IV
c. I, II, III
d. I, II, III, IV

a. I, II, IV

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Jira received a stool sample placed inside a reused
antibiotic canister with cotton buds inside. She asked the person who brought the specimen how it was collected. The person told her that it was collected from the baby’s diaper with the use of cotton buds and placed in a clean bottle/canister. The sample was delivered to the laboratory within 30 minutes after passage. Will the sample be acceptable? Why or why
not?

a. No, the sample was improperly collected
b. No, because it was delivered late
c. Yes, because the canister was cleaned before using
d. Yes, because it is difficult to collect stools from babies

a. No, the sample was improperly collected

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A patient passed her specimen at 6:30 AM. She was
complaining of abdominal aches and frequency of defecation for the past 2 days. For the meantime, the Medical Technologist placed the specimen container near the window under direct sunlight. Upon checking the specimen container, the medical technologist noticed the time of collection was 5:00 AM and specimen consistency is watery. During the examination of fecal specimens both NSS/Iodine mounts yielded negative results. What might have caused the negative result?

a. The Medtech was negligent from the start
b. The specimen was deemed unsuitable because of the time of collection to processing
c. The specimen was improperly collected by the patient
d. The specimen was subjected to heat under direct sunlight

a. The Medtech was negligent from the start

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Which of the following factors causes the yellow color of stool?
a. Bile pigments
b. Milk diets
c. Mucus
d. Undigested food

a. Bile pigments

A positive test for occult blood in stool is demonstrated by which of the following colors?

a. Blue
b. Orange
c. Red
d. Yellow

a. Blue

What is the visible negative result for the FOB test?

a. A line each on the C and T regions
b. A line on the C region only
c. A line on the T region only
d. No line on both regions

b. A line on the C region only

Which of the following forms and consistency of stool is
indicative of prolonged constipation?

a. Flattened ribbon like stools
b. Hard stool
c. Round scybalous stools
d. Soft and well formed

c. Round scybalous stools

What is/are responsible for the characteristic odor of the stool? a. Urobolim and bilirubin b. Stercobilin c. Ammonia d. Indole and Skatole

d. Indole and Skatole

Which of the following Bristol stool types is not correctly described? a. Type 7: watery, entirely liquid b. Type 5: soft blobs with clear cut edges c. Type 4: sausage shape but with cracks on the surface d. Type 1: separate hard lumps

c. Type 4: sausage shape but with cracks on the surface

What might happen to your FOB rapid test if the patient took Vitamin C of 500 mg/dL a. False positive b. True positive c. False negative d. No effect

c. False negative

Which of the following statements does NOT describe Occult Blood test? I. Based on the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin II. Infrequently performed chemical analysis on feces III. It has high negative predictive value for detection of rectal cancer IV. It is used for suspected cases of GIT disease a. I, II, III b. II and III c. II, III, IV d. I and IV

b. II and III

A 30 year old female patient who submitted a brown and formed feces for OFB testing. After the indicated incubation time the FOBT kit showed a faint color band in a test region and distinct color band in the control region. What should the Med. Tech do? a. Interpret the FOB test result as “Positive” b. Interpret the FOB test result as “Negative” c. Report result to the section head as abnormal d. Request for new specimen after 24 hours

a. Interpret the FOB test result as “Positive”

An adolescent patient was advised for repeat collection of stool specimens for Benzidine Test for Occult Blood. Which of the following may be the possible reasons why her specimen was rejected? I. She was on her second day of menstruation II. She avoided eating red meat for 3 days III. She takes Vitamin C and Iron supplements everyday IV. She avoided eating raw broccoli, cauliflower, radishes , turnips and melons a. I, II, III b. I and III c. II, III, IV d. I and IV

b. I and III

What factors affect the quality of blood smear? a. The speed at which the smear is made b. The size of the drop of blood c. Angle of the spreader slide d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What is the most preferred specimen for malarial smear? a. Arterial blood b. Capillary blood c. Venous blood d. Either venous or arterial

b. Capillary blood

How should a properly stained smear appear? a. Bluish black b. Pinkish to the naked eye c. Dark red d. Reddish brown

b. Pinkish to the naked eye

All smears from anticoagulated EDTA blood should be made within ____ hours of blood collection a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

What type of blood smear is used for quantification of plasmodium species? a. Thin smear b. Thick smear c. Both smears d. Neither of the smears above

b. Thick smear

Why is blood with EDTA less preferred for malarial smear? a. Smears require longer time to dry b. Stippling are not seen c. Staining properties are distorted d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Why should thick smears not be immersed in the fixative prior to staining? a. The thick smear holds significant amount of blood not suitable for fixation b. The thick smear should undergo de-hemoglobinization prior to staining c. The thick smear should be soaked with Giemsa stain prior to staining d. The thick smear must be examined directly in the microscope

b. The thick smear should undergo de-hemoglobinization prior to staining

In reporting the number of parasites/uL of blood, proceed with counting 500 WBCs if _____ a. After counting 200 WBCs, less than 10 parasites were counted b. After counting 200 WBCs, greater than 10 parasites were counted c. After counting 200. WBCS, 10 parasites were counted d. After counting 200 WBCs, 100 parasites were counted

a. After counting 200 WBCs, less than 10 parasites were counted

Dr. Klay requested a blood smear from a suspected malaria patient. After examining, it was reported to be negative. What should Med. Tech do? a. Report it as Negative for Blood Parasite b. Repeat blood collection every 8 hours c. Repeat collection only when fever strikes 2-3 consecutive Days d. Repeat collection every 8 hours (fever strikes) for 2-3 consecutive days

d. Repeat collection every 8 hours (fever strikes) for 2-3 consecutive days

A Med. Tech prepared a bullet shape, very thin with no vacant/granular areas and no feather edge blood smear which is considered to be: a. An ideal blood smear b. A perfect blood smear c. A rejectable blood smear d. Either a or b

c. A rejectable blood smear

Which of the following abnormal crystals can be found in stool specimens of patients with amoebic dysentery? a. Amorphous phosphate b. Calcium oxalate c. Charcot Leyden d. Triple phosphate

c. Charcot Leyden

Which of the following elements are irregular in shape with surface marking and stains dark blue in Lugol’s Iodine smear? a. Crystals b. Starch granules c. Vegetable fiber d. Yeast

b. Starch granules

All of the following objects can be mistaken for parasites. Which of them do not belong to the group? a. Charcot Leyden crystals b. Meat fibers c. Plant hairs d. Vegetable spirals

b. Meat fibers

Which of the following artifacts do not belong to the group? a. Epithelial cells b. Fungal elements c. Macrophages d. Stone cells

d. Stone cells

How would you microscopically differentiate starch cells from protozoan cysts in direct fecal smear? a. Starch cells are budding whereas protozoan cysts are not b. Starch cells contain bacteria in its cytoplasm while protozoan cysts have none. c. Starch cells lack defined internal structures whereas protozoan cysts have defined karyosome d. Starch cells stain blue to black with iodine whereas protozoan cysts are colored greenish

c. Starch cells lack defined internal structures whereas protozoan cysts have defined karyosome

Which of the following parasites the Fungal spores are can be mistaken as? I. Chilomastix mesnili cyst II. Trichomonas III. Giardia lamblia cyst IV. Entamoeba trophozoite a. I, III b. II, IV, c. I, II, III d. All of the above

a. I, III

Yeast cells can be confused as red blood cells or amoebic cysts. What special characteristic do yeast cells show to differentiate it from red blood cells or amoebic cysts? A. Yeast cells are budding B. Yeast cells are hematophagous C. Yeast cells do not have a nucleus D. Yeast cells have concentric circles and striation a. Only b is correct b. Only c is correct c. B and D are correct d. A and C are correct

d. A and C are correct

Upon microscopic examination of the direct fecal smear for ova and parasites (O&P), long thin refractile structures were observed. Which of the following features will allow the microscopist to identify correctly what he/she had seen, whether they are helminth larvae or artifacts/confuses? A. Artifacts do not have head and tail regions, helminth larvae have B. Artifacts do not have buccal cavity, helminth larvae have C. Helminth have nondescript internal structures, artifacts have well defined internal structures D. Helminth larvae have intestine, artifacts have nondescript internal structures a. A and B are correct b. A, B, and C are correct c. B and C are correct d. B and D are correct

d. B and D are correct

A liquid stool sample was collected at 7:00 PM and brought to the laboratory for routine fecalysis examination. When the medical technologist looked for an amoebic cyst, it was difficult for him to identify the parasite due to clumping of artifacts. What was the artifact responsible for the misidentification? a. Pollen grains b. PMNS c. RBC d. Stone cells

d. Stone cells

During the microscopic examination of a formed stool, the medical technologist observed an object that exhibits a distinct thick outer shell with striations. Upon further checking, it was deemed an artifact resembling a cestode ova. What artifact is it and the parasite it can be mistaken for? a. Pollen grain: Ascaris lumbricoides ova b. Vegetable cell: Taenia spp. ova c. Pollen grain: Taenia spp. ova d. Vegetable cell: Dipylidium caninum ova

c. Pollen grain: Taenia spp. ova