All Flashcards
Occurrences of the Black death
Repeatedly happens
Reasons for 14th-century famines
“The great famine” crop failures disease caused by little Ice Age
Define condottieri
Leaders of bands of mercenary soldiers in Renaissance Italy who sold their services to the highest bidder
Boccassio’s book
“Decameron”
About reaction to the plague
Renaissance discovery
Artists, Catholic Church, education, magic, music, Pappasito, printing, social orders, State
Most important family in Florence
The Medici family
Baldassare Castiglione book
Book of the courtier; expected ideals of aristocrats
Topic of The Prince
Machiavelli
Good laws follow naturally from a good military
Movable type inventor
Gutenberg
Renaissance painters
Leonardo: Monalisa, the Last Supper – sculptor, artist, engineer
Michelangelo: David, sculptor
Raphael: school of Athens, euro states
Botticelli-primavera
Results of unified Spain
Aragon and Castile are strongest kindgom
Holy roman emperor’a family name
Hapsburgs
Thomas more “utopia”
Ideal society based on cooperation, reason, no property
Luther’s problem with catholic salvation
The abuse of indulgences
Importance of bible to Protestants
If not in bible, it doesn’t matter
Topic of 95 thesis
Abusement of sale of indulgences
Luthers response to peasant revolt
Don’t need help from peasants, only need help from nobility
Charles V’s enemies
Catholic France, the Turks
Reason for English reformation
Political, Henry the 17th looking for an annulment from Catherine of Aragon. Cromer suggested he be king. Act of supremacy – break from Catholic
Belief of Calvinists
Predestination, plan and simple no singing. Justification by faith. same two sacraments. Jesus is spiritually present
Council of Trent decisions
Compromise in doctrine that would encourage protestants to return to church, focused on internal discipline.
Provision of the edict of Nantes
Give protestant religious freedom, creates a Protestant country in a Catholic country
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese: hired by Spain to sailed to Indies, one ship returned, completing the first circumnavigation of the globe
Treaty of tordesillas
Agreement between Portugal and Spain.
New lands to the west of an imaginary line would belong to Spain. East equals Portugal
Effect of smallpox on American Indians
Wiped them out completely
Provisions of Westphallia
All German states are free to determine their own religion
Holy Roman Empire is independent. France gained Germany. everyone get something
Jacques boussuet
Preacher, argued that government has ordained it’s humans so we could live in an organized society
Jean baptiste Colbert
Controller of finances, manufacturing, more revenue more wars (Louis XIV)
Results of war of Spanish succession
Lyre art of Utrecht, Phillip is king. Balance if power retained in Europe. France=bankrupt
Britain gets Gibraltar
Peter the Greats goal for Russia
A strong army and navy, to make Russia a great Power
Petition of right
Kings exception needed before granting tax revenues. Prohibits taxation without parliament consent, imprisonment, guaranteeing soldiers, declaration of marital law
Purpose of the test act
Parliament said only Anglicans could hold the military office. It was a plan to assassinate Charles because he was Catholic
The Bill of Rights and constitutional monarchy
The Bill of Rights laws groundwork for it
Thomas Hobbes veiw on society
Before society, humans were animalistic, led by instincts, subjects should not rebel, or they will be suppressed
Ptolemaic veiw of the universe
Earth did not move it was at the center of the universe
Keplers discoveries
Three laws of planetary motions, elliptical orbits are faster closer to the sun
Importance of math to Sci. Rev
Math was the basis of all sciences
Bacons type of reasoning
Inductive, “advancement of learning” popularized scientific method
Tabla rasa
Lockes argument that all humans entered the world in a “blank page”
Ideas in the spirit of laws
Montesquieu
Check and balanced
Three branches of government
Capital of the enlightenment
Paris
Purpose of encyclopedia
Didrot
Changed common way of thinking
Adam smiths veiw on the government
Should be limited, they should maintain defense, keep order, educate, keep economy open and free
Rosseaus views on private property
It is evil
Cesare beccaria
“On crime and punishment” shamed torture and the death penalties
Causes of the Austrian Succession wars
Charles VI Hapsburg monarch died. His heir was female, violated pragmatic sanction. Prussia (Fredrick) wanted Silesia
Irish diet
10 pounds of potatoes
Problems with 18 century city states
Poverty nasty
Inspiration for American Revolution
Inspired by the Enlightenment, ideas of freedom and using reason and intellect to solve problems
Causes of French Revolution
Bankruptcy, Aristocracy versus bourgeoisie. Ineffective ruler: Louis the 16th, economic hardship/foods shortages
Estate system in France
First: clergy, aristocrats
Second: nobility, administrators
Third: commoners, 75%
Abbé sieys
Pamphlet, represented third estate. “The third estate is everything” elected to be third GEN deptute
Problem with Estates General
Each only had one vote
Importance of Bastille
Symbol of the revolution, overthrow of old regime, recognized national Association
Declaration of the rights of man
Everyone is treated equal
Robspierre
Started raining of terror, when the threat of anarchy forced the national convention to give up power. Branded as a trader, killed
Concordat of 1801
Agreement between Napoleon and Papel, defined status of the Roman Catholic Church
Continental system
Designed by Napoleon to paralyze Great Britain
Importance of Waterloo
Final defeat for Napoleon and ended the years of warfare in Europe
Industrial Revolution beginnings
The factory system, improvements in transportation and communication,(new crops/tech)
Proletarianization
The social process in which people move from being an employer, unemployed as a wage labor/employer
Spread of Industrial Revolution
Invention of steam engine. Germany, France and United States followed Britain’s lead because they had enough coal and iron
Reason for population growth in the 18th century
Decline in death rate because of new medication
Growth in birthrate because an early marriages and migration(urban growth)
Urban life in 19 century
City life was dirty
Chartist goals
first: universal manhood suffrage Second: secret ballot third: equal electoral districts Four: pay for members of Parliament (no property) fifth: annual elections
Goals of Congress of Vienna
To resolve mutual foriegn policies
One: restore balance of power
Two: restore old monarchy
Third: reduce France to original borders
Leader of Congress of Vienna
Metternich
Provisions of Karlsbad decrees
Order by Metternich to stop German nationalism, government controls. Dissolved burshenchaften
Thomas Malthus
“The principles of population”
growth needs to be in check
David Ricardo
“Iron law of wages” people would have more kids if they had more money
How to answer a DBQ
Thesis: three points
Three points: 8 documents used
Conclusion: summarize
