ALL Flashcards
The self is synonymous with the soul.
Socrates
The 3 elements of the soul/self are
reason, physical appetite, and
spirit or passion.
● Reason: divine essence that
enables people to think deeply,
make wise choices, and achieve
a true understanding of eternal
truths.
● Physical appetite includes basic
biological needs
● spirit/passion includes basic
emotions
Plato
He believes that every human
possesses an immortal soul
that survives the physical body.
Socrates
The rational nature of the self is to
lead a good, nourishing, and
fullfilling life.
Aristotle
The body is united with the soul
so that man may be entire and
complete
St.
Augustine
the act of thinking about the self or
being self-conscious is proof that
there is a self
Descartes
all knowledge about the self is
based on the “phenomena” of
experience
Merleau-Ponty
the act of thinking about the self or
being self-conscious is proof that
there is a self
Descartes
advocates the idea of eliminative
materialism or the idea that the self
is inseparable from the brain and the
physiology of the body.
Churchland
The self is best understood as a
pattern of behavior, the tendency or
disposition for a person to behave in
a certain way in certain
circumstances.
Ryle
He believes that the essence of the
self is its conscious
awareness of itself as a thinking,
reasoning, and reflecting
identity
Locke
conscious awareness and a memory
of previous experiences are the keys
to understanding the self.
Locke
the idea of personal identity is a
result of imagination and that if a
person carefully examines his or her
sense experience through the
process of introspection,
he or she will discover that there is
no self
Hume
the self constructs its own reality,
actively creating a world that is
familiar and predictable
Kant
The self consists of three layers:
conscious, unconscious, and
preconscious
Freud
