All Flashcards
What is a programming library?
It is a collection of reusable and redistributable code that has a well-defined interface to use.
What is a standard library?
A stable and standardized collection of modules for essential needs of the development process.
What is a third-party library?
A collection of high level modules, apart from the standard library of a programming language.
What is framework?
A universal, reusable piece of software that facilitates the development of typical applications or their parts.
What is a framework consisted of?
A framework consists of structures code templates and provides generic functionality which can be easily extended for the needs of a specific application.
What is the difference between a library and a framework?
A framework serves as the skeleton of an application or its parts and sets “the rules of the game”. A library only provides some specific operations without having such a global influence.
In a context of frameworks, what is Inversion of Control?
the overall program’s flow of control is dictated not by the caller but by the framework. It means the framework calls your code, and not vice versa
What is Software Architecture in simple terms?
A structure that represents all interactions that occur within a complex application that combines multiple components.
(OOP) What is encapsulation?
Encapsulation is one of the pillars of OOP. It ensures the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data into a single unit, usually a class, while regulating access to its internal state.
(OOP) What is Data abstraction?
Data abstraction is the principle that determines that only the relevant information and features of an object are presented to their user and that the internal implementation of behaviors of this object are hidden.
(OOP) What is Inheritance?
It is a mechanism that defines a parent-child relationship between classes allowing reuse of common logic by the inheritance of properties and behaviors by the child from the parent.
(OOP) Polymorphism?
It is the principle that allows a single interface to represent different underlying types.
What is the Public visibility option and its symbol?
It defines that the method or the attribute can be accessed by any class in the system. The UML symbol is +.
What is the Private visibility option and its symbol?
It defines that an element can be accessed only the the class that owns it. The UML symbol is -.
What is the Protected visibility option and its symbol?
It defines that the method or the attribute can only be accessed by classes that have a generalization/inheritance relationship with its class.
What is the Package visibility option and its symbol?
It defines that a certain method or attribute can only be accessed by the classes that are located in the same package.
(UML) What is generalization and how is it represented in the UML?
It’s a relationship where a class could be described as a child class which assumes and could use the methods of a parent class. The symbol is an arrow with a solid line and a hollow triangle shape pointing to the superclass.
(UML) What is Dependency and how is it represented in the UML?
It’s a relationship that indicates that some change in one class can affect another. The representation is a dashed line with an open arrow that points from the client to the supplier.
(UML) What is Realization and how is it represented in the UML?
It’s a relationship that indicates that one class “acts-as”/implements another class. The representation is a dashed line with a hollow triangle on the interface end of the line.
(UML) What is Aggregation and how is it represented in the UML?
It’s a type of association relationship that describes one class as part of another, a “whole-part” relationship where the part can exist independently of the whole. The representation is a line with a whole diamond on the whole part of the representation.
(UML) What is Composition and how is it represented in the UML?
It’s a type of association relationship that describes one class as being part of another, a “whole-part” relationship where the whole owns the part and the part cannot exist without the whole. The representation is a line with a filled diamond on the whole part of the representation.
What does process mean in computer science?
An independent unit containing an execution environment, shared resources and threads of its tasks.
What is a thread in computer science?
A thread of execution is a series of instructions within a process.
